黄粉虫粪不同用量对制种黄瓜幼苗质量的影响

研究了营养土中不同黄粉虫粪搀入量对马坊营旱黄瓜幼苗生长的影响，结果表明：用黄粉虫粪与营养土按1：(160-320)(体积比)混配的基质进行黄瓜育苗，能促进幼苗生长，显著提高幼苗简单指标、相对指标和复合指标的值。     

Thin layer-chromatographic separation of fat soluble and water soluble food dyes

Summary The use of fat soluble and water soluble food dyes in food technology requires reliable proofs and precise identification of these substances in foodstuffs. This problematic has been studied more detailed in our Institute. During these studies some suitable procedures for thin layer chromatographic separation of these substances have been developed.For the separation of fat soluble food dyes the chromatography on thin layers of aluminium oxide and the chromatography on thin layers of starch with reversed phases were used. In the first case good separation was achieved with a solvent system containing petroleum ether and carbon tetrachlorid and their mixtures. In the second case the starch plates were impregnated with paraffin or vegetable oil, and as mobile phases a solvent system containing methanol-water-acetic adic (16 : 3 : 1) and others solvent mixtures currently used in paper chromatography were used.Water soluble food dyes were separated on thin layers of polyamide powder, which was used also for their quantitative isolation from foodstuffs. The best results were achieved with basic solvent system, for example, with a mixture containing ammonia-methanol water (5 : 15 : 80).The developed analytical procedures are suitable for the proof and the separation of fat soluble and water soluble food dyes in all foodstuffs.

---

Zusammenfassung Die Verwendung von wasser- und fettlöslichen Lebensmittelfarben erfordert verläßlichen Nachweis und genaue Identifikation dieser Stoffe in den Lebensmitteln. Wir haben diese Problematik in unserem Institut eingehend studiert und einige Verfahren der chromatographischen Trennung dieser Stoffe mittels DC erarbeitet.Zur Trennung der fettlöslichen Farbstoffe verwendeten wir einerseits DC-Platten mit Aluminiumoxid, andererseits führten wir die Trennung dieser Stoffe auf einer dünnen Stärkeschicht mit umgekehrter Phase durch. Im ersten Falle wurde eine gute Trennung mit Laufmitteln erreicht, die Petroläther und Tetrachlormethan und deren Gemische enthalten. Im zweiten Falle wurde als stationäre Phase Paraffinöl, als mobile Phase eine Gemisch von Methanol, Wasser und Essigsäure im Verhältnis 16 : 3 : 1 und andere Gemische in gleichen Verhältnissen verwendet, die sich bei der Papier-Verteilungschromatographie bewährt haben.Wasserlösliche Farbstoffe wurden auf einer dünnen Schicht von Polyamidpulver getrennt, das auch zu deren quantitativer Isolation aus den Lebensmitteln verwendet wurde. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden mit alkalischen Laufmitteln erzielt, z.B. mit dem Gemisch von Ammoniak, Methanol und Wasser im Verhältnis 5 : 15 : 80.Die erarbeiteten analytischen Verfahren für Nachweis und Trennung fett- und wasserlöslicher Lebensmittelfarben bewährten sich für alle Lebensmitteltypen.

---

Résumé L'utilisation des colorants alimentaires solubles dans l'eau et dans la graisse exige des preuves sûres et l'identification exacte de ces substances dans les aliments. Nous avons étudié ces problèmes en détail à notre institut et élaboré quelques procédés de séparation chromatographique de ces substances par chromatographie sur couche mince.A la séparation des colorants solubles dans la graisse, nous avons utilisé d'une part des couches versées sur l'alumine, d'autre part la séparation de ces substances sur une couche mince de fécule à phase inverse. Au premier cas une bonne séparation fut atteinte aux systèmes comprenant l'éther de pétrole et le tétrachlore carbonique, ou leurs mélanges. A l'autre cas on applique, comme une phase ancrée, de l'huile paraffinique, comme une phase mobile, du mélange de méthanol, d'eau et d'acide acétique en proportion 16 : 3 : 1 et d'autres en mêmes proportions qui avaient fait leurs preuves à la chromatographie de séparation sur le papier.Les colorants solubles dans l'eau furent séparés sur une couche mince de poudre polyamidé qui avait été de même appliqué à leur isolement quantitatif de l'aliment. Les meilleurs résultats furent atteints avec les systèmes alcalins p.e. avec le mélange de méthanol, d'ammoniac et d'eau en proportions 5 : 15 : 80.Les procédés analytiques élaborés pour des preuves et les séparations des colorants solubles dans la graisse et dans l'eau prouvèrent leur attestation avec tous les types de matières alimentaires.

     

Effect of intravenous administration of ketamine on the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in anesthetized dogs

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of 6 plasma ketamine concentrations on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in dogs. ANIMALS: 6 dogs. PROCEDURE: In experiment 1, the MAC of isoflurane was measured in each dog and the pharmacokinetics of ketamine were determined in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs after IV administration of a bolus (3 mg/kg) of ketamine. In experiment 2, the same dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane in oxygen. A target-controlled IV infusion device was used to administer ketamine and to achieve plasma ketamine concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 8, and 11 microg/mL by use of parameters obtained from experiment 1. The MAC of isoflurane was determined at each plasma ketamine concentration, and blood samples were collected for ketamine and norketamine concentration determination. RESULTS: Actual mean +/- SD plasma ketamine concentrations were 1.07 +/- 0.42 microg/mL, 1.62 +/- 0.98 microg/mL, 3.32 +/- 0.59 microg/mL, 4.92 +/- 2.64 microg/mL, 13.03 +/- 10.49 microg/mL, and 22.80 +/- 25.56 microg/mL for target plasma concentrations of 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 8, and 11 microg/mL, respectively. At these plasma concentrations, isoflurane MAC was reduced by 10.89% to 39.48%, 26.77% to 43.74%, 25.24% to 84.89%, 44.34% to 78.16%, 69.62% to 92.31%, and 71.97% to 95.42%, respectively. The reduction in isoflurane MAC was significant, and the response had a linear and quadratic component. Salivation, regurgitation, mydriasis, increased body temperature, and spontaneous movements were some of the adverse effects associated with the high plasma ketamine concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Ketamine appears to have a potential role for balanced anesthesia in dogs.     

What is your diagnosis? Peritoneal fluid from an Arabian horse after colic surgery

A 16-year-old castrated male Arabian horse was presented to the Purdue University Veterinary Teaching Hospital with a 4-hour history of colic. Initial examinations provided strong evidence for small intestinal obstruction. Abdominal surgery revealed a strangulating lipoma, and 25 feet of small intestine were resected. Postoperatively, the horse developed obstructive ileus due to adhesion formation, which required a second laparotomy. During and after surgery, the abdomen was lavaged with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). One week after the second surgery, evaluation of peritoneal fluid revealed an inflammatory exudate, with many macrophages containing amorphous to granular, pink to magenta phagocytosed material. Extracellular aggregates of the material were also observed. The material was consistent with CMC. To our knowledge, this report is the first to demonstrate the phagocytosis of CMC by peritoneal fluid macrophages.     

A stochastic model for simulation of the economic consequences of bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection in a dairy herd

A dynamic, stochastic model simulating the technical and economic consequences of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections for a dairy cattle herd for use on a personal computer was developed. The production and state changes of the herd were simulated by state changes of the individual cows and heifers. All discrete events at the cow level were triggered stochastically. Each cow and heifer was characterized by state variables such as stage of lactation, parity, oestrous status, decision for culling, milk production potential, and immune status for BVDV. The model was controlled by 170 decision variables describing biologic and management variables including 21 decision variables describing the effect of BVDV infection on the production of the individual animal. Two markedly different scenarios were simulated to demonstrate the behaviour of the developed model and the potentials of the applied modelling principle. The validation problem in relation to the model was discussed. A comparison between real and simulated data using data from a published case report was shown to illustrate how user acceptance can be obtained.