棉铃虫 JNKs 基因的克隆及表达分析

c-Jun氨基末端激酶(c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK)是MAPK家族(mitogen-activated protein kinases, 丝裂原活化蛋白激酶)的重要成员, 具有参与昆虫抗逆反应等多种功能。为明确JNK在棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 中的表达特性及其对Bt杀虫蛋白的应激与免疫反应, 本研究通过PCR克隆得到2个棉铃虫 JNK 基因 HaJNK1 和 HaJNK2; 生物信息学分析结果显示: HaJNK1和 HaJNK2基因开放阅读框分别为1 191、1 143 bp, 分别编码397、381个氨基酸。系统进化树分析结果表明棉铃虫 HaJNK1 与黏虫 Mythimna separata 聚为一支, 亲缘关系较近, HaJNK2与 家蚕 Bombyx mori 聚为一支, 同源性较高。利用实时荧光定量PCR技术分析 HaJNK1 与 HaJNK2 在棉铃虫不同发育时期、不同组织中的表达量, 发现 HaJNK1 与 HaJNK2 在卵中表达量最高, 其次是雌成虫; HaJNK1 在性腺中表达量最高, 其次是唾液腺; HaJNK2 在头部表达量最高, 其次是性腺。取食Cry1Ac的4龄棉铃虫幼虫的中肠组织中, HaJNK1 与 HaJNK2 的表达量均显著升高。推测 HaJNKs 基因可能参与棉铃虫抵御Bt杀虫蛋白伤害的应激和抗逆反应。     

Cadmiumverfügbarkeit für Gemüsepflanzen in Kleingartenböden

Availability of cadmium for vegetable plants in allotment soils Pot experiments with soils from allotments of Hamburg and different vegetables were carried out to determine the mobility and plant availability of cadmium. Total soil Cd-contents in combination with other soil properties as well as 0.1 M CaCl₂ and 1 M NH₄NO₃ extractable Cd were tested with regard to forecasting the Cd-uptake by plants. A direct comparison of these methods and their suitability is given. Soil threshold values were derived, which possibly result in Cd-plant uptake and Cd-contents exceeding the actually valid limits in food. These threshold values were evaluated for three testing methods: Total soil Cd-content in combination with pH as well as 0.1 M CaCl₂ and 1 M NH₄NO₃ extractable Cd.     

基于本体与认知经验的农业机器人视觉分类决策方法

基于小样本数据下认知经验知识辅助计算机进行决策,对实现农业领域机器人智能认知决策与助力智慧农业发展具有重要意义。本文在统计计数、支持向量机（SVM）等图像属性信息学习方法基础上,使用Protégé等工具,基于认知经验构建水果识别分类的专业知识库;然后根据图像颜色与形状信息,进行知识库搜索推理得到分类决策。实验在Fruit360数据集中共选择2091幅葡萄、香蕉、樱桃水果图像作为测试集,并各挑选30幅图像作为属性信息训练集与验证集,结果表明当前数据下葡萄与樱桃识别准确率为100%,香蕉识别准确率为93.30%。仅在知识库添加黄桃知识后,对984幅黄桃图像样本进行测试,其分类准确率为97.05%。表明本文方法能有效完成图像分类决策任务,且具有良好的过程可解释性、能力共享性和可拓展性。     

原子核电四极矩跃迁强度新经验公式

通过分析8≤ Z≤100偶偶原子核电四极矩跃迁强度 B（E2：0＋→2＋）与2＋态激发能 E（2＋）实验数据,提出了原子核电四极矩跃迁强度新经验公式 B（E2：0＋→2＋）＝33.65 Z2 A －0.71 E－1（2＋）．     

New strategies for the elimination of polio from India

The feasibility of global polio eradication is being questioned as a result of continued transmission in a few localities that act as sources for outbreaks elsewhere. Perhaps the greatest challenge is in India, where transmission has persisted in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar despite high coverage with multiple doses of vaccine. We estimate key parameters governing the seasonal epidemics in these areas and show that high population density and poor sanitation cause persistence by not only facilitating transmission of poliovirus but also severely compromising the efficacy of the trivalent vaccine. We analyze strategies to counteract this and show that switching to monovalent vaccine may finally interrupt virus transmission.     

沉香结香机理、人工结香及其化学成分研究进展

沉香作为一种传统的珍贵药材和名贵香料,市场需求量大。由于沉香属野生植物资源遭到严重破坏,加上自然结香时间需数十年甚至上百年的时间,致使沉香成为稀缺资源。因此,人工诱导结香便成为沉香发展的必然之路。本文针对沉香的结香机理、人工结香技术及其化学成分进行综述,以期为沉香的高效结香提供科学依据。     

Effect of fasting and transportation on various physiological parameters and meat quality of slaughter hogs

Forty-nine slaughter hogs were transported and fasted or fasted with no transport for 0 (no transport), 24, 48 and 72 h. Blood samples were taken before treatments were imposed and again prior to slaughter. Soft tissues of the ham were chemically analyzed and loin samples were evaluated by a sensory panel. Fasting and transportation decreased plasma triiodothyronine and hematocrit and increased plasma osmolality. Preslaughter treatment did not affect juiciness or desirability of cooked chops or percentage of fat in the ham soft tissues. These data suggest that although fasting and transporting of slaughter hogs may disrupt homeostasis of pigs, such physiological changes do not negatively affect meat quality.     

鸽新城疫病毒北京分离株F基因的遗传进化分析

对一株分离自北京市的鸽源新城疫病毒BJP13株的F基因进行扩增、序列测定和分析。结果显示,F基因核苷酸序列长为1 662bp,编码553个氨基酸,蛋白裂解位点的序列为112RRQKRF117,具备强毒株的序列特征;同源性比较显示,BJP13与国内外不同基因型毒株的同源性在87.9%~99.1%;与新城疫基因Ⅵ型的同源性较高,为93.7%~99.1%,其中与基因Ⅵb亚型中的毒株11和毒株LLN713同源性最高为99.1%,与1996年北京分离株STP96的同源性最低为93.7%;与基因Ⅰ型疫苗株V4株和基因Ⅱ型疫苗株La Sota株的同源性分别为90.3%和88.6%;遗传进化分析显示,北京分离株BJP13与比利时毒株11、4940和中国毒株SDS、LLN713最为接近,位于同一进化分支上,属于基因Ⅵb亚型。