基于粒子群算法的圆柱度误差评定方法

根据最小区域条件,建立了圆柱度误差的数学模型以及优化目标函数和适应度函数,阐述了粒子群优化算法的原理和实现方法,然后根据粒子群算法优化求解。实例表明,该方法对于圆柱度误差评定等非线性优化问题能得到全局最优解,粒子群优化算法的计算精度与其他满足最小条件的计算方法相比略有提高,且参数设置少,计算速度快,可用于三坐标测量机等测量系统的圆柱度误差测量后的数据处理。     

基于纹理和位置特征的麦田杂草识别方法

以化学防除适期麦田杂草为研究对象,对利用条播作物的位置和纹理特征识别田间杂草的方法进行了研究。根据条播作物小麦作物行的间距相对固定等位置特征,利用植物像素直方图法确定作物行的中心线和行宽,并识别行间杂草。然后,以作物行中心为基准来选取纹理块,计算量化级数为8级的H颜色空间的共生矩阵,提取5个纹理特征参数,利用K均值聚类法判别分析各块的类别来识别行内杂草。研究结果表明,杂草的正确识别率约为93％,作物的错误识别率约为7％。     

作物遥感估产的现状及其展望

 总结了国内外作物遥感估产的状况，并对作物遥感的技术集成和便利化服务、数据处理、农业标准化、农学机理、扩大用户需求共4个方面作了展望。     

Adenosine A2A receptor agonists inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha by equine monocytes

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside that regulates many physiological processes by activating one or more adenosine receptor subtypes, namely A1, A2A, A2B and A3. The results of previous studies indicate that adenosine analogues inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by equine neutrophils primarily through activation of A2A receptors. Because peripheral blood monocytes produce cytokines that are responsible for many of the deleterious effects of LPS, the current study was performed to evaluate the effects of an array of novel adenosine receptor agonists on LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to assess the selectively of these agonists for equine adenosine A2A over the A1 receptor. Radioligand binding studies performed with equine tissues expressing adenosine A1 and A2A receptor subtypes yielded a rank order of affinity for the equine A2A receptor of ATL307>ATL309 approximately ATL310 approximately ATL313>ATL202 approximately ATL361 approximately ATL376>ATL372>CGS21680>NECA. Co-incubation of equine peripheral blood monocytes with LPS and these agonists resulted in inhibition of TNF-alpha production with a rank order of potency that strongly correlated with their binding affinities for equine adenosine A2A receptors. Results of experiments performed with one of the adenosine receptor agonists (ATL313) and selective adenosine receptor antagonists confirmed that inhibition of LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha occurred via stimulation of A2A receptors. Although incubation of monocytes with IB-MECA, a compound purported to act as an adenosine A3 receptor agonist, reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha production, this effect of IB-MECA was inhibited by the A2A selective antagonist ZM241385 but not by the A3 receptor antagonist MRS1220. These results indicate that the adenosine receptor subtype responsible for regulation of LPS-induced cytokine production by equine monocytes is the A2A receptor. To address the signal transduction mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of ATL313 in equine monocytes, production of cAMP was compared in the presence and absence of either the adenosine A2A receptor antagonist ZM241385 or the adenosine A2B receptor antagonist MRS1706. In the absence of the antagonists, ATL313 increased production of cAMP; ZM241385 inhibited this effect of ATL313, whereas MRS1706 did not. Furthermore, incubation of monocytes with either the stable analogue of cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP, or forskolin, an activator of adenylyl cyclase, also inhibited LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha production by equine monocytes. Collectively, the results of the current study indicate that adenosine analogues inhibit LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha by equine monocytes primarily via activation of adenosine A2A receptors and do so in a cAMP-dependent manner. The results of this study indicate that stable adenosine analogues that are selective for adenosine A2A receptors may be suitable for development as anti-inflammatory drugs in horses.     

动物专用半合成大环内酯类抗生素——替米考星

替米考星是由泰乐菌素半合成的动物专用的大环内酯类抗生素，最初是由美国礼来公司开发成功。由于其独特的抗菌活性和特殊的药动学特征，目前已被批准用于牛、羊、猪、鸡、兔等动物感染性疾病的防治。替米考星适合于防治牛、羊、猪的肺炎和溶血性巴氏杆菌、多杀性巴氏杆菌、胸膜肺炎放射杆菌、霉形体和其他敏感菌感染。     

根据个体间蛋白质多位点基因型的比较分析中国黄牛的遗传关系

现行群体间遗传距离的度量方法都以等位基因频率的计算为依据，这些方法的缺点之一是在位点不多，多态笥不高时要求群体有较大的取样个体数目，另外，这些方法所建造的树素图不能反映群体是由混血引起还是由长期进化引起这一问题，针对这些问题，本文提出了以个体间蛋白质多位点基因型比较为基础的群体间遗传距离和群体内基因杂合度的度量方法，以十个主要中国黄牛群体的遗传关系分析为例，比较圆满的解决了上面几个问题。     

改性蒙脱石钙黏土(脱霉素)人体短期安全评估

脱霉素(NS)在多种动物身上均可对黄曲霉毒素引起的不良影响起到保护作用,因为其降低了黄曲霉毒素(AFs)在胃肠道中的生物利用。假定脱霉素可以安全地添加到人的日粮中,就可以减少人对黄曲霉毒素污染食物的接触及其健康风险。为了鉴定脱霉素对人的安全性及耐受性,建立长期功效研究的剂量确定方案,我们进行了随机双盲一期临床试验。临床审查志愿者(年龄在20～45岁),确认其健康状况。50个受试者(女性23人,男性27人)随机分成2组:低剂量组9个胶囊含1.5g/d,高剂量组9个胶囊含3.0g/d,试验周期为2周。脱霉素胶囊做的颜色和大小相同,每天分3次在指定地点分发给每个参与者,并跟踪记录每组的副反应和疾病情况。在实验室分析研究前后分别收集血液和尿样。所有参与者均完成了本试验,依从性99.1%。在一些参与者中出现了轻微的胃肠反应。症状包括腹痛(6%,3/50)、胃气胀(4%,2/50)、便秘(2%,1/50)、腹泻(2%,1/50)、胃肠气胀(8%,4/50)。两组之间的这些副作用没有统计学意义(p0.25)。每组中血液学、肝肾功能、电解质、VA和VE、矿物质等均无明显差别。这些结果表明脱霉素在人体应用是相对安全的,这可作为黄曲霉毒素中毒症高危人群长期人体试验的一个依据。     

新型装配式6列卧栏牛舍的研究与应用

我们对国内外牛的养殖模式进行研究后．为了更有效地提高土地利用率，减少奶牛疫病的发生，经过与有关专家以及有多年经验的养殖场的场长反复研究．最终推出了32m跨带卧栏的新型装配式牛舍．并且已经在张家口地区得以建设实施。这种牛舍具有便于清粪，便于料车开进牛舍进行饲喂，保护动物不受天气的影响，每个牛圈的成本降低等优点。具体研究过程介绍如下。