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1.
The technique of liver puncture as described by Holtenius (1961) was assessed with regard to its practicability and safety in a preliminary study of 26 cattle and a follow-up study of 108 German black pied cattle. The sample material was smeared, stained and examined by light microscope. All animals with changes of grade 5 had to be slaughtered. Liver puncture is a simple, quick and safe technique which supplies useful information about the various stages of hepatic fatty degeneration in individual cattle. 相似文献
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Current German law on animal rights requires protection and appropriate treatment of animals. However, information on breeding and raising swine is incomplete, and comparison studies of alternative housing systems are needed. Therefore, the effects of single and group housing of pregnant sows on piglet production was investigated in the 120-sow herd of the Institute for Animal Breeding and Husbandry of the University of Kiel. Reproductive traits, general health and behaviour studies were evaluated over one year. Type of housing system was found to have no effect on number of piglets born alive or dead or on days open. Daily gain was influenced. Daily gain of single-housed sows increased but without any difference in feed intake. General health was measured by nutritional condition, soiling, callosity, and injuries at time of evaluation. Single-housed sows had more calluses and were more soiled compared with group-housed sows. Injuries occurred more often in group housing, especially when new animals were integrated into the group. However, injuries were not serious. Animal behaviour was recorded on video during one pregnancy period of 60 sows. The housing system effected "sitting" and "lying" behaviour. Behaviour also is influenced by pregnancy in both housing systems. Equal incidences of abnormal behaviour, considered as sham-chewing, were found in both housing systems. 相似文献
3.
Martin Kramer Dr. Med. Vet Martin Gerwing Dr. Med. Vet Volker Hach Dr. Med. Vet Ernst Schimke Prof. Dr. Med. Vet 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1997,38(2):139-149
Sonography of the musculoskeletal system in dogs and cats was undertaken to evaluate the application of this imaging procedure in orthopedics. In most of the patients a 7,5 MHz linear transducer was used because of its flat application surface and its resolving power. The evaluation of bone by sonography is limited, but sonography can provide addition information regarding the bone surface and surrounding soft tissue. Ultrasound is valuable for assessing joint disease. Joint effusion, thickening of the joint capsule and cartilage defects can be identified sonographically. It is also possible to detect bone destruction. Instabilities are often identified with the help of a dynamic examination. Soft tissue abnormalities of the musculoskeletal system lend themselves to sonographic evaluation. Partial or complete muscles or tendon tears are able to be differentiated and the healing process can be monitored. Most of the diseases that are in the area of the biceps or the achilles tendon, such as dislocation of the tendon, old injuries with scarification, free dissecates in the tendonsheath, tendinitis and/or tendosynovitis can be differentiated by sonography. In addition, with clinical and laboratory findings, it is often possible to make a correct diagnosis with ultrasound in patients with abscesses, foreign bodies, hematomas, soft tissue tumors and lipomas. 相似文献
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Dr. Fritz Ernst 《European Journal of Forest Research》1936,58(20):683-700
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Influence of non-cellulose structural carbohydrate composition on plant material decomposition in soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Sophie Gunnarsson Håkan Marstorp A Sigrun Dahlin Ernst Witter 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2008,45(1):27-36
The C mineralisation pattern during the early stage of decomposition of plant materials is largely determined by their content
of different carbohydrates. This study investigated whether detailed plant analysis could provide a better prediction of C
mineralisation during decomposition than proximate analysis [neutral detergent solution (NDF)/acid detergent solution (ADF)].
The detailed analysis included sugars, fructans, starch, pectin, cellulose, lignin and organic N. To determine whether differences
in decomposition rate were related to differences in hemicellulose composition, the analysis particularly emphasised the concentrations
of arabinose and xylose in hemicelluloses. Carbon dioxide evolution was monitored hourly in soil amended with ten different
plant materials. Principal component and regression analysis showed that C mineralisation during day 1 was closely related
to free sugars, fructans and soluble organic N components (R
2 = 0.83). The sum of non-cellulose structural carbohydrates (intermediate NDF/ADF fraction) was not related to C mineralisation
between days 1 and 9. In contrast, a model including starch and protein in addition to the non-cellulose structural carbohydrates,
with the hemicelluloses replaced by arabinose and xylose, showed a strong relationship with evolved CO2 (R
2 = 0.87). Carbon mineralisation between days 9 and 34 was better explained by xylan, cellulose and lignin (R
2 = 0.72) than by lignocellulose in the ADF fraction. Our results indicated that proximate analyses were not sufficient to
explain differences in decomposition. To predict C mineralisation from the range of plant materials studied, we propose a
minimum set of analyses comprising total N, free sugars, starch, arabinose, xylan, cellulose and lignin. 相似文献
7.
Ernst Knippel Röhrl Schüpster Schaile und Fabricius 《Forstwissenschaftliches Centralblatt》1927,49(19):687-703
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
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