热解温度对玉米芯生物炭碳结构、灰分与吸附四环素的影响

生物炭灰分和碳结构在抗生素吸附过程中的影响尚不明确。本文以玉米芯为原料,在300~800 ℃下热解制备生物炭（CBCs）及除灰分生物炭（CBCs_AW）,研究热解温度对生物炭灰分和碳结构的影响,探究灰分和碳形态与四环素（TC）吸附行为之间的关系。结果表明,随着热解温度升高,生物炭的碳结构由未完全碳化有机质（300 ℃）逐渐转化为石墨碳结构（800 ℃）,吸附实验结果显示CBC800_AW的吸附量最大,证实石墨碳结构是促进TC吸附量增加的重要因素。CBCs_AW对TC吸附量高于CBCs,说明灰分对TC吸附有一定抑制作用。分析TC吸附性能与生物炭理化性质的相关性,结果显示吸附量与生物炭比表面积、孔体积、芳香性和石墨化程度相关性较高,推测TC的主要吸附机理为孔隙填充作用和π-π电子供体-受体相互作用。研究结果可为生物质资源化利用和抗生素污染修复提供科学依据。     

沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响

试验选择120只1日龄罗斯308商品肉鸡随机分为4个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复10只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分为AWEⅠ组、AWEⅡ组和AWEⅢ组,分别在基础日粮中添加100、300和500 mg/kg沙葱乙醇提取物(AWE),研究其对肉仔鸡生产性能的影响。结果表明,沙葱乙醇提取物对肉仔鸡生产性能无显著影响(P0.05),但有促进日增重、提高采食量及降低料肉比等指标的趋势。     

First report of thelaziosis (Thelazia anolabiata) in an Andean Cock of the Rock (Rupicola peruviana) from Peru

Thelazia anolabiata is a spirurid nematode living in the orbits of birds which can cause lacrimation, keratitis, conjunctivitis, and corneal ulcers. This species is reported for the first time from an Andean Cock of the Rock, Rupicola peruviana (Passeriformes: Cotingidae), from a zoo in Lima, Peru. Clinical signs of keratoconjunctivitis were resolved with the treatment of ivermectin, ciprofloxacin, and an epithelium regenerator, and the host is presently in good health. The nematodes were identified using the primary characteristics used to differentiate the species of this genus as lengths of spicules and other morphologic characteristics.     

Effect of diet and tylosin on chronic diarrhea in beagles

Seven beagles in a colony of dogs had chronic diarrhea for at least 30 days. The dogs were subsequently treated with tylosin 20 mg/kg BW q24h PO for 10 days. During the treatment period, the feces became firmer but remained loose. When the treatment was discontinued, the diarrhea reappeared in 3 weeks. The feces remained abnormally loose in all dogs treated with metronidazole, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, or doxycycline and prednisone. The diet was then changed for 10 days from a highly digestible moist pet food to a dry food developed for normal adult dogs. The feces again became firmer, although still loose in some dogs. The period was then extended to 3 month, but the fecal consistency continued to fluctuate from ideal to diarrhea. The dogs were treated a 2nd time with tylosin 20 mg/kg BW q24h PO for 10 days. The feces then became significantly firmer and remained so throughout a 3-month follow-up. We conclude that the combination of diet and tylosin was more effective than either agent alone in control of chronic diarrhea.     

内蒙古地区生鲜乳中体细胞数分析及其对产奶量、乳品质的影响

本试验旨在比较2017年内蒙古地区生鲜乳中的体细胞数与主要奶业国体细胞数标准,对比奶罐奶和散卖奶体细胞数,同时分析生鲜乳中的体细胞数与产奶量及乳成分间相关性,旨在为生鲜乳质量安全评定及控制提供参考依据。试验于2017年采集内蒙古地区9个盟市673批次生鲜乳样品,采用Foss Mickro-FT120乳成分分析仪测定生鲜乳中乳脂肪、乳蛋白、非脂乳固体、乳糖、总固体含量,同时采用丹麦Chemomete SCC-100体细胞仪进行体细胞计数。结果表明:1) 2017年内蒙古地区生鲜乳中的体细胞数为37. 7×10~4个/mL,低于欧盟(40. 0×10~4个/mL)、新西兰(40.0×10~4个/mL)、加拿大(50.0×10~4个/mL)和美国(75.0×10~4个/mL)的生鲜乳中体细胞限定值。2)家庭散养模式散卖奶中的体细胞数(55.8×10~4个/mL)显著高于规模化牧场奶罐奶中的体细胞数(37.7×10~4个/mL)(P<0.05)。3)生鲜乳中的体细胞数与产奶量呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),相关系数为-0.190;与乳脂肪含量之间无显著相关性(P>0.05);与乳蛋白、乳糖、非脂乳固体及总固体含量之间存在极显著负相关(P<0.01),相关系数分别为-0.149、-0.295、-0.283、-0.115。由此可见,内蒙古地区生鲜乳中的体细胞数管控较好,达到甚至超过了欧美主要奶业国标准。家庭式散养方式生产的生鲜乳质量安全水平低于规模化养殖方式。生鲜乳中体细胞数增高会导致产奶量下降及乳品质的改变。     

猪雄性生殖干细胞的分离培养及鉴定

本试验旨在探索猪雄性生殖干细胞(mGSCs)体外分离、培养的适宜条件,建立猪雄性生殖干细胞体外培养体系。采用两步酶消化法对新生小猪睾丸生殖干细胞进行了体外分离和初步的培养鉴定,并利用层黏连蛋白和明胶的不同贴壁特性,比较2种差易贴壁分选方法的富集效果,并对传代后的干细胞培养1周后进行碱性磷酸酶染色鉴定,通过免疫荧光技术检测培养细胞是否表达干细胞标志蛋白OCT-4。试验结果表明,层黏连蛋白更适用于猪生殖干细胞的富集、培养,细胞分选效率及增殖生长明显优于采用明胶分选的方法。培养的mGSCs拥有与小鼠mGSCs相同的形态、增殖及表达特征。鉴定结果显示,生长细胞克隆碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性,支持细胞碱性磷酸酶染色呈阴性;培养的生殖干细胞克隆表达转录蛋白OCT-4,而饲养层支持细胞OCT-4抗体染色则呈阴性。结果表明培养的干细胞克隆仍保持较好的干细胞活性,保持正常的自我复制和分化潜能,初步建立了生殖干细胞培养体系。     

Immunocytochemical Localization of Aromatase in The Ovary of Superovulated Cattle,Pigs and Sheep

Laurincik, J., L. Kolodzieyski, V. Elias, P. Hyttel, Y. Osawa, A. Sirotkin: Immunocytochemical localization of aromatase in the ovary of superovulated cattle, pigs and sheep. Acta vet. scand. 1994, 35, 185-191.–The localization of aromatase, an enzyme converting androgens to estrogen, in the ovaries of superovulated cattle, pigs and sheep was studied immunocytochemically in the preovulatory and postovulatory period using anti-human placental aromatase cytochrome P-450 antiserum. Immunostaining for aromatase was detected in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles of all species studied. Theca interna cells were stained in preovulatory follicles in the pig but not in cattle and sheep. Interstitial gland cells, cumulus cells and oocytes were unstained in all species. In cattle and pig the corpora lutea were unstained whereas they displayed staining in the sheep. Preantral and small antral follicles were unstained during both the preovulatory and postovulatory period in all species.It is concluded that granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles are the main residence for aromatase activity in superovulated cattle, pig and sheep, whereas the activity of theca interna and corpora lutea is species specific.     

Macroscopic features of the arterial supply to the reproductive system of the male ostrich (Struthio camelus)

The macroscopic features of the arterial supply to the reproductive system of the male ostrich was studied in 16 pre-pubertal and eight sexually mature and active birds. The left and right cranial renal arteries arise from the aorta, between the cranial divisions of the kidneys. These vessels supply the cranial divisions of the kidneys, the testes, the epididymides and the cranial segments of the ducti deferentia. Accessory testicular arteries which arise directly from the aorta are present in 45.8% of the specimens. They supply the testes and cranial parts of the ducti deferentia. They are variable in number and origin, and four variants are identified. A cranial ureterodeferential branch originates from the cranial renal artery, supplies the cranial portion of the ductus deferens and ureter, and runs caudally to anastomose with the middle renal artery. The sciatic artery arises laterally from the aorta, just caudal to the acetabulum, and gives rise, ventrally, to a common trunk, the common renal artery, which divides into the middle and caudal renal arteries. The middle renal artery gives rise to the middle ureterodeferential branch which supplies the middle part of the ductus deferens and ureter. A few centimetres caudal to the kidney, the aorta terminates in three branches, namely, the left and right internal iliac arteries and the median caudal artery. The internal iliac artery divides into the lateral caudal artery and the pudendal artery; the latter gives off caudal ureterodeferential branches that supply the caudal segments of the ductus deferens and ureter. In addition, the pudendal artery gives off vessels that supply the cloaca, some of which continue to the base of the phallus, where they form an arterial network. In conclusion, the pattern of the blood supply to the reproductive organs of the male ostrich is, in general, similar to that of the domestic fowl and pigeon, although there are a few highlighted distinctive features.     

自由基在二恶英毒性机理中的作用及其清除剂的保护效应研究

本试验使用清洁级SD大鼠54只,雌雄不限,体重250±20 g,随机分成3组:Ⅰ组为正常对照组,腹腔注射等量0.3 m lM DSO;Ⅱ组为二恶英(TCDD)染毒组,染毒剂量为50μg/kg;Ⅲ组为染毒TCDD加自由基清除剂保护组。每组18只,TCDD溶于二甲基亚砜(DM SO)中,质量浓度为25μg/m l。分别在24、48和72 h后,处死动物,制备肝匀浆组织和肝线粒体膜,通过对SD大鼠肝脏中抗氧化酶还原型谷胱苷肽(g lu tath ione,G SH)、总抗氧化能力(tota l an tiox idative capac ity,T-AOC)、还原型谷胱苷肽过氧化物酶(g lu tath ione perox idase,G SH-Px)、超氧化物歧化酶(superox ide d im u tase,SOD)活性及丙二醛(m a lond ia ldehyde,M DA)含量变化和线粒体膜磷脂酶A2(PLA2)活性变化的研究,从自由基角度揭示TCDD的毒性机制及清除剂G的保护效应。TCDD染毒急性清洁级SD大鼠后,诱生过多的自由基,消耗机体内酶性和非酶性的自由基清除剂,引起机体内自由基积累对肝脏造成脂质过氧化作用,膜酶受损,致使整个细胞稳态被扰乱;清除剂G可以通过减少自由基的大量产生而间接抑制PLA2活性的增强,保护膜的结构和功能,具有稳膜效应,减轻TCDD对膜的损伤,并维持磷脂组分的稳定。     

新生仔猪对外源抗体的吸收及乳糖对其吸收的影响

选择48头自然分娩、3～4胎、初生重1.25～1.5kg 的大白猪(♂)×内蒙黑猪(♀)杂交F1 代新生仔猪参试。其中24头于出生后的6小时之内用人工瓶哺的方法分别饲喂0(对照组)、1、2、3、4、8g的外源PIgG ;另外24头出生后的18小时之内分别饲喂不同含量的乳糖 ,然后开始饲喂一定浓度的外源PIgG ,分别研究了生新仔猪对外源PIgG吸收及乳糖对其吸收的影响。研究结果表明 ,仔猪出生后没有吸吮初乳之前其血清中的IgG含量甚微 ,为(0.12±0.058)mg/ml;随着饲喂浓度的增加新生仔猪对外源PIgG的吸收也增加(P<0.05) ,到出生后12小时 ,仔猪血清中的IgG含量达到峰值 ,随后逐渐下降 ,下降趋势与自然哺乳仔猪血清IgG的消长规律相似。若仔猪出生后仅喂给不含PIgG的人工初乳 ,则仔猪血清中的IgG水平在出生后的72小时之内一直保持刚出生时的水平(P>0.05) ,表明在此阶段内仔猪还没有合成自身IgG的能力。仔猪出生后饲喂8g 外源PIgG ,其血清中的IgG峰值能达到22.18mg/ml ,这一值与自然哺乳情况下的峰值相比相差甚大。乳糖强烈抑制新生仔猪对外源PIgG的吸收(P<0.05) ,给仔猪饲喂10g乳糖后与对照组(水)比较 ,仔猪对外源PIgG的吸收将减少45.31 % ,而喂50g乳糖则减少92.02 %。在本试验条件下 ,乳糖浓度对新生仔猪吸收PIgG的抑制曲线为典型