深色有隔内生真菌（DSE）功能和重金属耐性机制研究进展

重金属污染具有滞留时间久、难恢复和难治理等特点,重金属污染土壤修复备受关注。深色有隔内生真菌（Dark septateendophytes,DSE）可与多种植物建立良好的共生关系,其在促进植物生长、与植物联合共生增强植物对重金属的耐性机制及修复重金属污染土壤方面发挥着重要作用。为系统阐述DSE功能及其对重金属耐性机制,本文综述了DSE的结构特征及定植规律,其促进宿主植物生长的作用机制,重点分析了重金属胁迫下DSE的应答机制（吸附螯合、调控基因表达、抗氧化应激和“区室化”作用等）,总结了DSE-植物共生体系在修复重金属污染土壤中的应用现状和前景,以期为DSE在重金属污染环境中的应用提供理论参考。     

用于车辆紧急制动仿真的动态轮胎模型

提出一种可用于车辆紧急制动仿真的动态轮胎模型——LuGre轮胎模型。该动态模型不仅具有与经典稳态模型（如魔术公式）相似的稳态特性,可以方便地通过试验数据进行参数拟合和在线整定,而且能够精确捕捉汽车紧急制动过程中的瞬态特性,又由于采用微分方程形式来描述,更有利于开发高性能的电子制动控制系统来提高汽车的行驶安全性。得到了LuGre轮胎模型的基本特性,并分析了其在车辆紧急制动仿真中的稳态特性和动态特性。     

Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and healthOA

Direct-fed microbials(DFMs) are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals’ health and production performance. Due to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics, DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock industry.Microorganisms used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria,lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups,...     

中国主要纸产品国际竞争力综合评价

文中在分析中国主要纸产品出口贸易现状的基础上,选取国际市场占有率、贸易竞争力指数和显示性比较优势指数测算中国主要纸产品2010-2019年的国际竞争力指数,并采用基于主成分分析的定权方法对纸产品国际市场竞争力进行综合评价。结果表明:主要纸产品国际竞争力较强的芬兰、瑞典和德国位居综合评价前3位,中国主要纸产品综合竞争力经过近10年发展已处于中等偏上水平,仍有改进和提升空间。基于上述研究成果,提出推进人工林速生材高效利用、促进科技创新能力提升和探索"出口转内销"等政策建议。     

Stimulated esophageal groove closure in adult goats

In healthy adult goats, closure of the esophageal groove was induced by thirst, IV administered vasopressin, and intracarotid administration of hypertonic NaCl solutions. The efficiency of stimulation was tested directly by visual inspection of the course taken by orally administered solutions through a ruminal or abomasal fistula, palpation of the lips of the esophageal groove through a ruminal fistula, and indirectly by following the glucose dynamics in the blood after oral administration of glucose solution. Esophageal groove closure was observed during drinking after a 48-hour period of water deprivation. Intracarotid administration of 1.5 ml of a saturated solution or 10.5 ml of a 1.5% solution of NaCl also stimulated groove closure; however, groove closure stimulated by administration of vasopressin is the most satisfactory procedure for passing compounds of therapeutic importance directly from the cardiac orifice to the abomasum.     

紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育系相关microRNA的鉴定

紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）是一种多年生豆科苜蓿属牧草,利用紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育系育种有着重要意义,相关microRNA的鉴定工作是研究其分子机制的重要内容。本试验以培育的紫花苜蓿细胞质雄性不育系MSGN1A及其同型保持系MSGN1B的花蕾为试验材料,采用small RNA测序技术对MSGN1A及MSGN1B在花药发育阶段的鉴定差异表达microRNA以及差异表达microRNA靶基因功能进行注释。结果表明：共计检测到1 478个miRNA,其中known miRNA 1 351个,novel miRNA 127个;筛选出差异表达miRNA 130个,包括90个上调表达的miRNA和40个下调表达的miRNA;差异表达micro RNA靶基因主要涉及的通路有：“代谢过程”、“细胞过程”、“信号生物过程”、“植物激素信号传导”、“氧化磷酸化”和“淀粉蔗糖代谢”等。差异表达microRNA靶基因的功能主要是调控花药的发育,其次是调控花期以及信号传导,而差异表达microRNA靶向的转录因子中多为控制花期、花药发育和信号传导等过程的因子,对不育系的败育起到一定的影响。     

Effects of the halothane genotype and slaughter weight on texture of pork

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the halothane (HAL) genotype, slaughter weight (SW), and the HAL x SW interaction on compositional and textural traits of raw and cooked pork. Pigs were bred to exhibit one of the three HAL genotypes (NN, Nn, and nn) with otherwise equivalent genomes. The nn halothane reactors are known to typically produce PSE pork, whereas NN pigs do not typically produce PSE pork. Pietrain x Large White gilts and boars, all with verified Nn genotype (by DNA test), were mated to obtain F2 littermates of the three HAL genotypes. These pigs were slaughtered at either 101 +/- 3 ("light") or 127 +/- 3 ("heavy") kg BW and were evaluated for longissimus muscle traits. The pH at .5 h after death (pH1) was 6.35, 6.13, and 5.68 in NN, Nn, and nn pigs, respectively. Sarcomere length was greater in nn than in NN and Nn pigs (1.94 vs 1.83 and 1.85 microm, respectively). Mechanical resistance was higher in nn than in NN pigs for both raw and cooked meat. Meat from nn pigs was judged by a trained panel to be less rough, more cohesive, harder, more fibrous, less granular, more elastic, and less easy to swallow than meat from NN pigs. For most traits under study, the heterozygotes were intermediate between the homozygotes but closer to NN than to nn pigs. Muscle from heavy pigs had longer sarcomeres and less moisture than muscle from light pigs. The n allele of the HAL gene unfavorably affects pork texture, and this effect is maintained throughout the range of 101 to 127 kg BW.     

Disposition of plasma creatinine in non-azotaemic and moderately azotaemic cats

The objectives of this study were to compare assay methods for plasma creatinine (Pl-creat) in cats and to describe the disposition of creatinine and iohexol in 12 healthy and moderately azotaemic cats. Exogenous creatinine and iohexol were injected simultaneously by intravenous bolus, and repeated blood samples were taken to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of each marker. Pl-creat was assayed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Jaffé and enzymatic methods. The enzymatic method was shown to be more reliable than the Jaffé method. Two stereoisomers, exo- and endo-iohexol were identified. The plasma clearance of creatinine (2.3+/-0.66 ml/min/kg) was significantly higher (P<0.001) than that of exo-iohexol (1.7+/-0.40 ml/min/kg). The volume of distribution (447+/-97 ml/kg) and elimination half-life (181+/-77 min) of creatinine were also higher (P<0.001) than those of exo- and endo-iohexol. The estimated daily endogenous production of creatinine was 65+/-23 mg/kg. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters was changed by the azotaemic status of the animals.     

Prevalence and risk factors for Salmonella spp. contamination in French broiler-chicken flocks at the end of the rearing period

A nation-wide survey was carried out in 370 randomly chosen French commercial broiler chicken flocks from October 2005 to September 2006 to determine Salmonella spp. prevalence and to identify risk factors for contamination, at the end of the rearing period. The Salmonella status of the flocks was assessed from five faecal samples (litter swabs) analysed by classical bacteriological methods. A flock with at least one contaminated sample was classified as a Salmonella-positive flock. The apparent prevalence of Salmonella was 8.6% (95% CI: 5.7, 11.5%). The most prevalent serovar was S. hadar followed by S. anatum and S. mbandaka. Logistic regression methods were used to analyse the associations between husbandry practices, farm characteristics, general hygiene and the Salmonella status of the sample. The risk for Salmonella contamination of the flock at the end of the rearing period increased when neighbours helped in the placement of day-old chicks. On the contrary, the risk decreased when mobile equipment was dismantled before cleaning and disinfection, when the farm had a specific container for dead-bird disposal and when acetic acid was added to the drinking water.