花生油乳液稳定特性研究

本实验研究了三聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(C-18A)、四聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(D-18A)、六聚甘油单硬脂酸酯(F-18A)、六聚甘油六硬脂酸酯(F-18F)、卵磷脂、分子蒸馏单甘酯(单甘酯)和两种蔗糖酯(SE11、SE15)共八种常用的非离子型乳化剂对花生油O/W型乳状液的表面张力及粒径的影响,并采用Box-Behnken响应面设计.以脂肪上浮速率为响应值,对乳化剂进行了复配.结果表明,八种乳化剂中卵磷脂及单甘酯在降低乳液表面张力方面效果最好,SE11及SE15在降低乳液粒径方面效果最好(P<0.05).响应面中各因素对乳液脂肪上浮速率影响的显著程度依次为SE15、卵磷脂、单甘酯,最佳乳化剂配方为单甘5g/L、卵磷脂7g/L、SE15 5g/L,该配方下乳状液的脂肪上浮速率为0.1643%/s.     

规模化屠宰场官方兽医及协检员的设置与职责

@@进入新世纪以来,伴随SARS、禽流感和猪链球菌病等疫情在全球范围内的传播,对世界各国人民的身体健康构成极大威胁。因此,国家逐步加大对动物疫病的防控,相继颁布了《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》《动物检疫管理办法》等法律法规,使我国动物防疫和检疫工作走上了有法可依、有章可循的规范化、法制化轨道。屠宰检疫是动物检疫工作的重要组成部分,是保证人民群众食肉安全的重要手段。猪肉及猪产品是广大群众餐桌上不可或缺的食品,国家为保证生猪产品质量安全,保障人民身体健康对生猪屠宰实行定点屠宰、集中检疫,从而使重大疫病的发生和流行得到有效控制。     

Comparative study on the utilization of crystalline methionine and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium by Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei Boone)

The objective of this study was to compare the supplemental effects of crystalline DL‐methionine (DL‐Met) and methionine hydroxy analogue calcium (MHA‐Ca) on growth performance of Pacific white shrimp. Eight isoproteinic (355.3 ± 2.0 g/kg diet) and isolipidic (70.0 ± 2.2 g/kg diet) diets were prepared as positive diet (20% fish meal), negative diet (15% fish meal) and DL‐Met, MHA‐Ca‐supplemented diets with the supplementation of 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.09% DL‐Met and 0.04%, 0.07%, 0.1% MHA‐Ca in negative diet respectively. Pacific white shrimp (0.92 ± 0.03 g) were fed one of the eight diets for 49 days. The results showed that dietary DL‐Met did not affect weight gain (WG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p > 0.05), but the supplementation of 0.1% MHA‐Ca significantly increased WG, protein and lipid retention, and reduced FCR (p < 0.05) when compared to the negative group, and reached the similar levels as the positive control. The total free amino acids (TFAA) in haemolymph of MHA‐Ca groups and PC, NC group peaked at the 3rd hr after feeding, but the peaking time of DL‐Met groups was advanced to the 2nd hr. Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in haemolymph of all MHA‐Ca groups peaked at the 2nd hr, but DL‐Met groups peaked at the 1st hr after feeding. The above results indicated that the supplementation of 0.1% MHA‐Ca in a low fish meal diet could improve the growth performance and feed utilization of Pacific white shrimp, but dietary DL‐Met did not significantly affect the growth.     

Effect of Oil Overlay on Inhibition Potential of Roscovitine in Sheep Cumulus‐Oocyte Complexes

Inhibitors of cyclin‐dependent kinases, as roscovitine, have been used to prevent the spontaneous resumption of meiosis in vitro and to improve the oocyte developmental competence. In this study, the interference of oil overlay on the reversible arrest capacity of roscovitine in sheep oocytes as well as its effects on cumulus expansion was evaluated. For this, cumulus‐oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured for 20 h in TCM 199 with 10% foetal bovine serum (Control) containing 75 μm roscovitine (Rosco). Subsequently, they were in vitro matured (IVM) for further 18 h in inhibitor‐free medium with LH and FSH. The culture was performed in Petri dishes under mineral oil (+) or in 96 well plates without oil overlay (?) at 38.5°C and 5% CO₂. At 20 and 38 h, the cumulus expansion and nuclear maturation were evaluated under stereomicroscope and by Hoechst 33342 staining, respectively. No group presented cumulus expansion at 20 h. After additional culture with gonadotrophins, a significant rate of COCs from both Control groups (+/?) exhibited total expansion while in both Rosco groups (+/?) the partial expansion prevailed. Among the oocytes treated with roscovitine, 65.2% were kept at GV in the absence of oil overlay while 40.6% of them reached MII under oil cover (p < 0.05). This meiotic arrest was reversible, and proper meiosis progression also occurred in the Control groups (+/?). So, the culture system without oil overlay improved the meiotic inhibition promoted by roscovitine without affecting the cumulus expansion rate or the subsequent meiosis progression.     

5种园林树木的光合和蒸腾特性的研究

本文测定 5种常见园林树木 (金银木、紫薇、皱叶荚迷、核桃、金叶接骨木 )的光合、蒸腾特性 结果表明 :5种树木夏初晴天均有明显的光合速率日变化 ,耐荫性较差的树种中午前后光合作用有显著的“午休”现象 ,这主要是气孔导度下降引起 ,光合速率与叶绿素含量无关 ,5树种的耐荫性从强到弱依次为 :金银木、紫薇 >皱叶荚迷 >核桃 >金叶接骨木 ;核桃的蒸腾速率属午后高峰型 ,金银木属午前高峰型 ,金叶接骨木耗水量最大 ,蒸腾速率主要受光合有效辐射、叶温和气孔导度等因素的影响     

投饲频率对异育银鲫饲料中添加晶体氨基酸的影响

分别设计高鱼粉饲料(A组,鱼粉含量12%)、低鱼粉饲料(B组,鱼粉含量6%)和低鱼粉饲料 晶体赖氨酸和蛋氨酸(C组)3种饲料,其中C组与A组的赖氨酸和蛋氨酸水平保持一致,A组和B组日投喂3次,C组设日投喂2次、3次、4次3个处理组(分别为C2、C3、C4),共5个处理组,以考察在低鱼粉低蛋白饲料中补充晶体氨基酸的效果和不同投饲频率对补充晶体氨基酸效果的影响。采用平均体质量为(6.5±0.17)g的异育银鲫525尾,随机分配到15口水泥池中(每处理3个重复),进行了为期4周的饲养试验。结果表明,A组、B组、C2组、C3组、C4组的鱼体增重率分别为92.7%5、7.3%5、9.0%6、1.3%7、1.9%;在日投饲为2次、3次的情况下,添加晶体氨基酸对鱼体增重率无显著改善,但在日投饲率为4次时,添加晶体氨基酸对鱼体增重率有显著改善。上述结果表明,增加投饲频率可改善异育银鲫对晶体氨基酸的利用效果。     

农业标准化监测管理体系设计

农业标准化是我国农业发展的一项重要内容。为确保农业标准化得以顺利实施，结合上海市农业标准化的实际情况，初步设计了农业标准化监测管理体系，并进一步探讨了其基本运作规律。