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H. DWIGHT MERCER RICHARD H. TESKE PATRICIA E. LONG DAVID II. SIIOWALTER HENRY H. BRYANT 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》1978,1(4):253-266
Twenty-two young cross-bred swine were treated either intravenously or orally with potassium penicillin G. The pharmacokinetics of penicillin G were determined in plasma and tissues. The plasma half-life of penicillin G in swine was found to be 19.45±1.69 min, and the distribution and elimination kinetics were found to fit a classical two-compartment model. The volume of distribution was found to be 0.53±0.12 1/kg, and the body clearance was found to be 19.06±5.06 ml/min/kg which exceeded the effective renal plasma flow of 16.50±2.73 ml/min/kg, suggesting that the drug was eliminated both by tubular excretion and glomerular filtration. The elimination rate constants (Beta) for the major organs were as follows: muscle, 0.00343 min-1 ; lung, 0.0310 min-1 ; fat, 0.0394 min-1 ; and kidney, 0.0213 min-1 , which compared favorably with the elimination rate constant found in plasma (0.0320 min-1 ). These values were found to be significantly similar at the level of P < 0.005 in muscle, spleen and fat, and at a level of P < 0.025 in lung tissue. The data indicates that blood plasma would be a satisfactory body fluid for estimating this drug in tissue. 相似文献
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Spirals of endothelially denuded equine saphenous vein were used to study the pre- and post-junctional effects of medetomidine in vitro . The pD2 values were calculated for noradrenaline (6.7 /pm 0.1), phenylephrine (5.6 /pm 0.1), BHT 920 (6.2 /pm 0.2) and UK 14304 (5.7 /pm 0.2). Medetomidine produced a biphasic response, with a pD2 1 of 8.2 /pm 0.1 and a pD2 2 of 5.7 /pm 0.1 in the equine saphenous vein ( n = 6 ). Prazosin (10−7 m) significantly shifted the second phase of the medetomidine concentration-response curve to the right (pD2 1 was 8.1 /pm 0.2 and pD2 2 was 5.0 /pm 0.2, P < 0.05). Rings of equine saphenous vein were electrically stimulated to investigate the pre-junctional effects of medetomidine. Increasing concentrations of the α2 -adrenoceptor agonist BHT 920 reduced the response to electrical stimulation in a concentration dependent manner to a maximum of 40 /pm 5%. whereas medetomidine (0.1-100 nm) caused a concentration dependent enhancement to a maximum of 490 /pm 150%. These results suggest α1 - and α2 -adrenoceptors are functional in the equine saphenous vein, but that medetomidine is not acting exclusively as an α2 -adrenoceptor agonist. 相似文献
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A case of blastomycosis in the horse 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
BENBROOK EA BRYANT JB SAUNDERS LZ 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1948,112(855):475-478
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Changes in crude protein (CP) concentration and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) associated with phenological development were documented for eight major cool-season grasses on the Pampa Galeras Vicuna Reserve in the central Andes of Peru. Green-up for most grasses occurred by late November and seed shatter occurred by late May for an average of 185 days from initiation of growth to maturation. CP and IVDMD levels were adequate for animal production from November to January for most grass species and until March for Muhlenbergia ligularis and Stipa brachyphylla. The data suggest domesticated ruminants should be managed so that greatest nutrient requirements (late gestation-lactation) will coincide with the period of highest nutritional quality of the native grasses (November–January). 相似文献