EFFECT OF PARAQUAT ON MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES IN SOILS*

Summary. When paraquat was added to four different soils, nitrification was not appreciably affected but ammonification of soil organic-matter nitrogen was slightly retarded. Carbon dioxide evolution as well as oxygen consumption was used as an index of metabolic activity of soil micro-organisms and paraquat had a stimulatory effect at higher concentrations. Oxidation of added sulphur was slightly depressed. Paraquat decreased both the total mould and bacterial populations in Chehalis silt loam. After 30 days incubation the percentages of Streptomyces and Penicillia were markedly increased by most treatments but were little affected in Chehalis silt clay and Woodburn soils. Except for the temporary suppression of nitrification, paraquat had no significant influence on general microbial activities of importance to soil fertility. Some bimodal effects or toxicity inversions were observed with intermediate concentrations. Effet du paraquat sur les activités microbiennes dans les sols     

土壤调理剂对生姜硒镉积累和品质安全的影响

为明确土壤调理剂对重金属污染土壤上生姜的营养品质和安全性的影响及作用机制,采用生姜土壤盆栽试验,比较研究了3种土壤调理剂（硅酸钾、麦饭石、贝壳粉）对土壤硒镉有效性以及生姜硒镉积累、生长发育和营养品质的影响。试验结果表明：3种土壤调理剂均能显著提高生姜硒含量,同时显著降低镉含量。与对照（不添加土壤调理剂）相比,施用0.2%硅酸钾调理剂效果最佳,分别使生姜地上部位和姜块硒含量提高了165.01%和111.36%,镉含量降低了71.96%和65.15%;另外,施用3种土壤调理剂可显著提高姜块产量、品质及养分吸收。与对照相比,产量提高了23.93%~67.67%,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和姜黄素含量分别提高了2.34%~6.00%、154.72%~602.83%和11.05%~33.43%,氮、磷、钾养分含量分别提高了10.28%~14.42%、24.62%~34.87%、28.81%~29.01%;施用3种土壤调理剂还可提高姜块过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性,降低丙二醛（MDA）含量;与对照相比,3种土壤调理剂增加土壤pH 0.35~0.53个单位,土壤有效态镉含量降低了16.92%~22.76%,有效态硒含量增加了3.60%~10.99%。研究表明,施用土壤调理剂能够降低土壤有效态镉含量、活化土壤有效态硒,从而降低生姜镉含量并提高硒含量和姜块营养品质,可实现镉污染土壤安全利用,保障生姜优质安全生产。     

Effect of 2, 3-butanedione monoxime (BDM) on myocardial protection in cold cardioplegia

AIM: The effects of BDM on isolated rat heart in cold cardioplegia were studied. METHODS: Rat heart were subjected to cold cardioplegia at 4℃ for 8, 18 and 24 h.Then each heart was perfused (90 cm H₂O) in Langendorff model at 37℃ for 40 min. In the high K⁺ group(n=24) the hearts were preserved in St.Thomas cardioplegic solution, in BDM group(n=24) hearts were preserved in K-H solution with BDM 30 mmoL/L. RESULTS: After 18 h, heart rate and the coronary flow in BDM group were significantly higher than in high K⁺ group(P＜0.05). Activity of Na⁺-K⁺-ATPase in cell membrane and in mitochondrial membrane in the BDM group was significantly higher than high K⁺ group(P＜0.01). After 24 h, all hearts in high K⁺ group were dead, but were alive in BDM group. CONCLUSION: Under given experiment conditions, BDM did enhance the tolerance to cold ischemia significantly. The results showed that BDM may become a useful agent for prolong the storage period of heart in cold cardioglegia.     

毛健夜蛾对不同寄主和寄主不同部位的取食选择性

以葱连和菠菜为寄主材料,研究了毛健夜蛾幼虫对不同寄主和寄主不同部位的取食选择性,及对受害及未受虫害叶的选择性和对葱莲不同部位的选择性。以期为有效防治该害虫提供技术参考。结果表明:试验进行至0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0h时,取食葱莲的幼虫数显著高于取食菠菜的;试验进行至0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0h时,取食虫害叶的幼虫数高于取食未受害叶的,但二者无显著性差异;幼虫对葱莲不同部位的取食选择性由高到低依次为花、花茎、叶和球茎,表明毛健夜蛾幼虫主要喜食寄主葱莲的较嫩器官(花、花茎、叶)。     

海河流域控制性河流生态环境需水量研究

文中基于水量、水热、水沙和水盐平衡理论和河流生态功能性划分理念,构建考虑了河流基本生态、自净、输沙和生态景观等功能的河流系统生态环境需水量理论体系。以境内河流监测站水文数据为基础,研究海河流域控制性河流的生态环境需水量,结果表明:该区域地表水资源量尚不能满足河流自净水量,河流生态修复年需水量86.65×108m3/a,城市景观河流生态环境年需水9.0×108m3/a,采取节水措施,减少污染物排放,加强雨水、洪水等非常规水资源开发和调配有望改善现状。     

绿头鸭线粒体DNA控制区全序列测定及分析

用PCR产物直接测序法,获得5只绿头鸭线粒体DNA控制区(D-loop)全序列.序列分析显示:绿头鸭D-loop区全长为1051bp,碱基A、G、T、C含量分别为27.97%、15.51%、25.21%、31.30%,A+T含量大于C+G;共检测到11个多态位点,其中转换10个,颠换1个,没有发现插入和缺失,核苷酸多样度为0.0046.结合GenBank已公布河鸭属鸭类D-loop区序列,基于邻接法和最小进化法构建河鸭属鸭类系统进化树.结果表明,绿头鸭、斑嘴鸭及家鸭三者关系密切,它们共同构成进化枝A,推测在家鸭的形成过程中,绿头鸭和斑嘴鸭都作出了贡献;其它河鸭类聚为进化枝B.     

大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的室内毒力及田间防效

采用大蒜精油对灰荼尺蠖进行了室内及田间药效试验,结果表明大蒜精油对灰茶尺蠖的致死中浓度(LC50)为1038.60 mg/L,50％大蒜精油100～250倍液对灰荼尺蠖低龄幼虫具有良好的速效性和持效性,建议生产中可在灰茶尺蠖1～2龄幼虫发生期喷施100～250倍液大蒜精油.这一结果为开发大蒜精油作为茶树主要害虫的新型低...     

基于近红外光谱的北京市全株玉米原料康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系组分分析与预测

本试验旨在基于康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)建立北京市全株玉米原料营养成分数据库,并利用近红外光谱(NIRS)方法建立其营养价值预测模型。试验采集北京市18个牧场89份全株玉米原料样品,测定其营养成分,利用CNCPS 6.5计算各样品碳水化合物(CHO)和蛋白质组成。定标集和验证集根据4∶1的配比关系,分别选用71份和18份全株玉米原料样品作为定标集和验证集评价NIRS模型。结果显示:1) NIRS分析技术对全株玉米原料常规营养成分、CNCPS中蛋白质组成和CHO组成均具有较好的预测能力,且精确度较高。2)干物质(DM)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(EE)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、淀粉(Starch)、中性洗涤不溶蛋白质(NDIP)、酸性洗涤不溶蛋白质(ADIP)、可溶性蛋白质(SP)、CHO、非纤维性碳水化合物(NFC)、可溶性纤维(CB2)、可消化纤维(CB3)、不消化纤维(CC)、可溶性真蛋白质(PA2)、难溶性真蛋白质(PB1)、纤维结合蛋白质(PB2)和非降解蛋白质(PC)的定标决定系数(1-VR)均>0.80,验证决定系数(RSQv)均≥0.84,这些模型均可用于日常快速检测分析。DM、Ash、EE、NDF、ADF、ADL、Starch、NDIP、CHO、NFC、CB2、CB3、PC和PB1的NIRS模型参数均采用二阶导数处理,CP、SP、ADIP、CC、PA2和PB2的NIRS模型参数均采用标准正态变量+二阶导数处理。综上所述,本研究提供了全株玉米原料的基础化学分析数据,并通过NIRS分析技术建立了主要营养成分的快速预测模型,有利于养殖场青贮前对全株玉米原料质量的快速评估。     

Milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as a tool to investigate ovarian cyclicity of water buffaloes in relation to body condition score and milk production

Background

Application of assisted reproductive technologies in buffaloes is limited to some extent by farmers’ inability to detect oestrus because of its poor expression. The present study aimed at investigating reliability of a milk progesterone enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to assess the ovarian cyclicity during post partum, oestrus and post-breeding periods in water buffaloes.

Methods

Progesterone concentrations were measured by an ELISA in milk of 23 postpartum buffaloes in relation to oestrus, pregnancy, body condition score (BCS) and milk production. Two milk samples were taken at 10 days intervals, every month starting from day 30 and continued to day 150 post partum. BCS and milk production were recorded during sample collection. Milk samples from bred buffaloes were collected at Day 0 (day of breeding), Days 10–12 and Days 22–24. Defatted milk was preserved at −80°C until analysis. Pregnancy was confirmed by palpation per rectum on Days 70–90.

Results

Seventeen buffaloes had 47 ovulatory cycles, one to four in each, 13 were detected in oestrus once (28 % oestrus detection rate). Progesterone concentration ≥1 ng/ml in one of the two 10-day-interval milk samples reflected ovulation and corpus luteum formation. The intervals between calving to first luteal activity and to first detected oestrus varied from 41 to 123 days (n = 17) and 83 to 135 (n = 13) days, respectively. Eight buffaloes were bred in the course of the study and seven were found pregnant. These buffaloes had a progesterone profile of low (<1 ng/ml), high (≥ 1 ng/ml) and high (≥ 1 ng/ml) on Day 0, Days 10–12 and Days 22–24, respectively. Buffaloes cycling later in the postpartum period had fewer missed oestruses (P < 0.05). Buffaloes with a superior BCS had a shorter calving to oestrus interval and produced more milk (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Milk progesterone ELISA is a reliable tool for monitoring ovarian cyclicity and good BCS may be an indicator of resuming cyclicity in water buffalo.     

MD病毒抗独特型抗体的研制

制备鸡马立克氏病病毒(MDV)抗独特型抗体(Ab2),探讨Ab2模拟抗原诱导免疫应答的能力.用MDV免疫SPF鸡,分离提纯鸡抗MD-IgG(Ab1),Ab1免疫BALB/C鼠,用鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞制备Ab2杂交瘤细胞株,间接ELISA筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株,经克隆、纯化2×株抗MDV独特型抗体杂交瘤细胞株(6E5,7A12),其中6E5培养上清、腹水ELISA效价分别为4000×、10000×,免疫20 d攻毒,具有抗MDV感染保护.