海藻饲料的营养及其在养殖业中的应用

海藻含有丰富的矿物质、微量元素和生物活性物质,具有促进动物生长和繁殖、提高免疫力、改善动物产品质量等功能,是一种新型的饲料资源,值得在养殖业中推广应用。现对海藻的营养成分、生物学功能及其在养殖业中的应用和开发前景进行综述。     

Marc145细胞源EDC3基因的克隆及其生物信息学分析

为获得Marc145细胞源EDC3基因序列,分析其序列特征及编码蛋白的结构和功能,本试验采用RT-PCR方法从Marc145细胞中扩增EDC3基因,并进行克隆和序列测定;应用DNAStar软件分析该基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列,与参考序列经BLAST比对后分析同源性,并构建系统进化树;利用生物信息学方法对其编码区蛋白进行二级结构、三级结构、B细胞表位、跨膜结构域和信号肽预测。结果显示,Marc145细胞源EDC3基因长度为1 527 bp,共编码507个氨基酸;EDC3基因编码区核苷酸序列与绿猴、猕猴、狒狒、人、倭黑猩猩、马、野猪、虎鲸、绵羊、非洲象和大熊猫的同源性在91.5%~99.2%之间,与非哺乳动物原鸡同源性最低,仅为81.2%;EDC3氨基酸序列与上述物种的同源性在95.3%~99.6%之间,与原鸡的同源性仅为88.8%。系统进化树结果显示,Marc145细胞源EDC3基因与绿猴的亲缘关系最近,其次是灵长类。蛋白结构预测结果表明,EDC3蛋白主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲组成,分别为23.38%和47.35%,二级结构与三级结构预测结果相符。该蛋白存在多个B细胞优势抗原表位,无跨膜结构域及信号肽区域。本试验结果可为Marc145细胞源EDC3基因功能的进一步研究提供参考。     

重庆三峡库区加工甜橙园土壤养分状况分析

为了解重庆三峡库区加工甜橙园土壤养分含量状况,在重庆7县（区）随机选取132个果园,分析背景土壤和农化土壤pH值、有机质和有效态矿质养分含量。结果显示,分别有56.8%和60.8%的果园背景土壤和农化土壤pH值适宜甜橙生长,农化土壤酸性土比例增加;背景土壤和农化土壤有机质含量不足（<15 mg?Kg-1）的比例分别为77.3%和85.3%,碱解氮处于适宜范围的比例分别为56.8%和61.5%,有效钙过剩（高量和过量）的比例分别为79.6%和76.7%;背景土壤有效磷、钾不足(缺乏和低量)的比例分别为95.4%和72.8%,有效锌、硼不足的比例分别为54.5%和70.5%;农化土壤有效磷、钾不足的比例分别为60.8%和57.6%,有效锌、硼不足比例分别为65.9%和90.7%。背景土壤和农化土壤有效镁、铁、锰及铜不足和过量并存。总体而言,土壤养分状况中等偏差;与背景土壤相比,农化土壤pH值、有机质、有效钙、锌和硼含量下降且缺锌严重,其它养分含量则有所上升。     

高温久旱降雨后不同柑桔品种裂果比较

2011年高温久旱降雨后,每周调查并比较12个柑桔品种的裂果情况,同时测量果实横径。结果表明,不同柑桔品种的裂果率存在一定差异,清见橘橙和尤里克柠檬未见裂果,不知火橘橙裂果率最高（5.10%）,其次为塔罗科血橙（4.58%）,然后依次为4号脐橙、清家脐橙、白柳脐橙、朋娜脐橙、兴津温州蜜柑、华盛顿脐橙、锦橙、纽荷尔脐橙,尤里克柠檬和清见橘橙均无裂果;果实横径与裂果率呈一定相关性（r=0.52）;不同品种果实横径的增长略有差异,横径增长量与裂果率相关系数为r=0.66。     

不同柑桔品种裂果及其成因研究

摘要：目的：柑桔裂果是生产中常见的一种生理性病害,严重影响果实的商品价值,因此弄清不同柑桔品种裂果的差异及成因对提高柑桔品质、减少产量损失尤为重要。材料与方法：本研究对纽荷尔脐橙、朋娜脐橙、白柳脐橙、清家脐橙、塔罗科血橙、兴津温州蜜柑、清见桔橙、不知火桔橙、485-28、32-1（其中485-28、32-1为柑研所新品系）10个品种进行裂果数目调查,并与气象资料、树体叶片营养状况和果实品质进行相关性分析。结果与分析：结果表明,不同品种间裂果率差异极大,清见未见裂果,而 485-28 的累计裂果率达到 78.72%。甜橙类品种裂果率与果皮厚度呈显著负相关。雨量分布不均是导致果实裂果的原因之一。研究发现柑桔叶片钾含量与裂果率呈显著负相关,结果枝与营养枝的钙含量与果实裂果率相关性不明显,但二者间的差值与裂果率呈显著负相关,这可能与 Ca的调运能力有关,具体原因有待进一步研究。结论：因此,生产上应选择裂果率较低的品种,合理灌溉,适当增施钾和钙肥,以降低果实裂果率。     

利用分子标记提高筛选普感水稻抗病突变体的准确性

 水稻丽江新团黑谷(LTH)是一个云南地方粳稻普感品种,对全球近2 800多个稻瘟病菌生理小种均表现为感病表型。本研究为利用⁶⁰Co-γ射线辐照处理LTH种子,分单株收获M₁代种子。对M₂和M₃代植株分别进行稻瘟病的自然诱发筛选和人工喷雾接种筛选,以期从LTH中筛选获得抗性提高的突变体。在突变体筛选过程中,我们发现突变体的遗传背景受到零星异交或混杂干扰,这种情况在其他本底抗性水平较高的抗性突变体筛选中往往容易被忽略。为了确保突变体遗传背景的真实性,我们利用分布在水稻12条染色体上的在粳稻LTH与籼稻品种间存在多态性的In/Del标记,分析候选抗性植株是否为LTH纯合背景,以排除杂合假抗性个体。通过两种不同的筛选策略,最终从M₃代植株中分别鉴定出1份和4份抗性突变体,为进一步研究LTH普感特性奠定基础。将其中一个LTH抗病突变体分别与野生型LTH和籼稻普感品种CO39进行杂交,获得的F₂群体人工喷雾接种稻瘟病菌后调查抗、感植株的分离情况,分析结果显示,该突变体性状符合单个显性基因控制的遗传规律。另外,本研究结果表明:在水稻诱变育种工作中,不仅要做到充分隔离,还需借用分子标记辅助剔除零星意外串粉造成的杂合假突变体,以提高水稻突变体筛选的准确率。     

浅谈牛前胃疾病的中西医治疗

牛前胃疾病是兽医临床上常见的牛瘤胃、网胃、瓣胃疾病的总称,是由于饲料加工调制不当,金属异物进入网胃,导致网胃和腹膜损伤产生炎症;或饲养管理、使役不当等原因导致胃神经兴奋性降低,胃收缩无力甚至停止,食物在前胃不能正常消化和向后移动而腐败分解,产生有毒物质,引起消化机能障碍和全身机能紊乱的多发性内科疾病.     

6个栓皮栎种源种子形态及其幼苗生长的比较

[Objective]To compare the differences of seed morphological characters among provinces of Quercus variabilis Bl.,and explore the adaptive growth status of seedlings growing in the central distribution area. [Method]The seeds of 6 Q. variabilis provenances from six provinceswerecollected, and the seedlings were cultivated and transplanted to experimental field in the centre of natural distribution range (Wuhan Jiufeng National Forest Park), then the seed morphology and one-year seedling growth traitswere surveyed. [Result](1)There were significantor extremely significantdifferences among provenances in seed length, seed width, seed length/width ratio and 100-seed mass, the order of seed length among provenances was Beijing Provenance (22.28 mm),Hubei Provenance (22.10 mm), He'nan Provenance (20.80 mm), Shaanxi Provenance (19.57 mm), Yunnan Provenance (18.93 mm)and Liaoning Provenance (18.81 mm), the seed width of Beijing Provenance (19.71 mm) and Hubei Provenance (19.16 mm) was higher than that of the others, the seed length/width ratio of He'nan Provenance (1.38) was extremely significantly higher than that of the others; (2)There were significant or extremely significant differences among provenances in seedling height, ground diameter, leaf number, branching number and seedling height/ground diameter, the Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance were better in seedling height and leaf number, which were respectively 19.54 cm and 20.26 cm, 8.32 leaves and 9.50 leaves; (3)A decreasing trend with time for seedling growth traits among provenances was found; (4)There was a positive relationship between seed morphological characters and seedling growth traits except seed length/width ratio; the leaf number was significantly related to ground diameter and branching number and the seedling height and leaf number were closely related to the seed morphological characters; (5)It showed a decreasing trend with the growth time in the relationship between seedling growth traits and 100-seed mass. [Conclusion]The seedlings of Beijing Provenance and Hubei Provenance grew better in the experimental field which might be related to their larger seed mass, and the Yunnan Provenance in the south margin and the Liaoning Provenance in the north margin of distribution area of Q. variabilis grew weaker than the provenances in the centre of distribution area.With the effect of climate change, provenances in the margin of distribution area may lose in the community competition in the seedling stage if it cannot take advantage of its dispersal and settlement and affected by the disadvantage of growth and competition, so that the distribution and population renewal would surely be affected.