Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

亚热带牧用草地中威提特东非狼尾草的种子繁殖研究

在3月和4月对全日制放牧的东非狼尾草草地上的风干牛粪取样,进行发芽试验,分别测定其中的东非狼尾草发芽种子数量。结果,3月取样平均432.5 g的牛粪中东非狼尾草平均发芽种子数量为118.25粒,4月取样平均437.8 g的牛粪中东非狼尾草平均发芽种子数量为52.8粒,二者平均牛粪重为435.15 g,平均发芽种子为85.5粒,说明牛粪中东非狼尾草种子数量较多,是其繁殖扩展较快的主要原因;3月取样的种子数量为4月取样数量的1.38倍,说明人工利用牛粪进行东非狼尾草繁殖时,需在有降雨来临前准备,即1～3月进行牛粪的准备工作。     

豆粕对乌鳢肠道菌群组成及微生物氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响

为研究豆粕替代鱼粉对乌鳢生长、肠道菌群组成和微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶活性的影响,分别用豆粕替代0、25%、50%和75%的鱼粉配制4组等氮等能的饲料饲喂初始体质量为(8.65±0.25) g的幼鱼(分别命名为G1、G2、G3和G4组),养殖实验在室内纤维玻璃钢桶中进行,实验周期为21 d。结果显示,各组间幼鱼成活率无显著性差异;G4组乌鳢幼鱼的生长性能显著低于G1和G2组,而G3组幼鱼生长性能与其余3组差异不显著。厚壁菌门在G1和G2组乌鳢肠道中的比例显著高于G3组,且在G4组中的比例最低;变形菌门在G1和G2组中的比例显著低于G3和G4组;G4组中乳球菌属、杆菌属、假单胞菌属、链球菌属、芽孢杆菌属和不动杆菌属的比例显著低于其余3组。另外,G4组幼鱼肠道微生物谷丙转氨酶、腺苷脱氨酶活性显著高于其余3组,而G1组乳酸脱氢酶的活性最高。研究表明,豆粕替代鱼粉除了对乌鳢幼鱼的生长产生影响外,也显著影响了肠道微生物组成及微生物相关氨基酸代谢酶的活性,本研究结果对于从微生态角度进一步理解豆粕在乌鳢配合饲料中的应用提供了理论依据和参考。     

基于GIS的近30年来松辽平原沙质荒漠化遥感动态研究

本文运用GIS、RS手段,以航天遥感MSS、TM、ETM为主要信息源,对松辽平原进行多时相、大面积沙质荒漠化遥感动态监测,从中探索松辽平原沙质荒漠化动态变化的规律,为经济发展和生态建设提供科学依据。研究结果表明:近30年来松辽平原沙质荒漠化面积变化呈现快速增加和缓慢减少两个阶段,即70年代中期到80年代末,松辽平原沙质荒漠化总面积呈快速增加趋势,动态度为-3.91%;而80年代末到本世纪初则呈缓慢减少趋势,动态度为0.82%。松辽平原沙质荒漠化的重心随之呈有规律的移动,沙质荒漠化面积增加时重心向东北方向移动,速率为3.08km/年。沙质荒漠化面积减少时重心向西南方向移动,速率为1.64km/年。     

松口蘑的研究进展

详细论述了松口蘑的生物学特性、栽培技术及液体深层发酵技术，并探讨了过氧化物酶和酯酶同工酶技术、原生质体技术、基因工程技术与DNA指纹技术在松口蘑研究中的应用及发展趋势。     

北京地区小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病发生动态调查

小麦禾谷孢囊线虫病是小麦生产上的重要病害.2010-2011年对北京地区小麦禾谷孢囊线虫的发生规律进行了定期定点调查.结果表明,禾谷孢囊线虫在北京地区全年只发生1代,夏季滞育,卵孵化高峰为4月初;2龄幼虫侵染高峰为4月上旬,3龄幼虫发育高峰为4月下旬至5月初,4龄幼虫发育高峰为5月上旬,白雌虫发育高峰为5月下旬至6月上旬,10月份播种后部分2龄幼虫就可以发生侵染并且冬前发育至3龄幼虫.本研究结果可为北京地区禾谷孢囊线虫的防治提供理论依据.     

巴拉那根结线虫的鉴定及生物学特性

巴拉那根结线虫(Meloidogyne paranaensis)是咖啡上最具有毁灭性的根结线虫之一,可造成咖啡减产高达50%,目前主要发生在巴西、危地马拉和墨西哥,我国没有分布。本文介绍了巴拉那根结线虫的形态鉴定特征和生物学特性等内容。     

氯氰菊酯毒性评价研究

介绍了联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织农药残留联席会议(JMPR)以及联合国粮农组织和世界卫生组织食品添加剂联席专家委员会(JECFA)对食品中氯氰菊酯的风险评估历程,并重点阐述了2006年JMPR会议对食品中氯氰菊酯的风险评估的研究进展。主要包括氯氰菊酯、α-氯氰菊酯和ζ-氯氰菊酯的生化资料、毒理学数据和暴露评估资料等。2006年JMPR重新建立了食品中3种氯氰菊酯暴露的健康指导值——每日允许摄入量(ADI)为0~0.02mg/kgb.w.,急性参考剂量(ARfD)为0.04mg/kg b.w.。     

基于有害生物集群的聚类分析在入侵生物定殖研究中的应用

生物入侵防控的重要手段之一,是在外来物种入侵之前,识别出最有可能定殖扩散的潜在有害生物。基于入侵性有害生物集群的原理,聚类分析方法可以应用到生物入侵研究中。常用的聚类分析方法有自组织映射(SOM)、k均值和层次聚类法。其中,SOM已在国内外入侵生物定殖可能性的研究中得到了广泛应用。聚类分析可以进行风险排序,从而筛选出需进一步研究的潜在入侵生物。本文综述了近年聚类分析在生物入侵中的研究进展,并讨论了基础数据在风险评估中的地位。同时,围绕"大数据"时代背景,提出应用数据挖掘技术分析入侵生物数据信息的研究思路。将聚类分析与单一物种分布模型相结合,可以更有效的分析入侵生物定殖风险。