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1.
Shinsuke MORI Akira KAWASAKI Satoru ISHIKAWA Tomohito ARAO 《Soil Science and Plant Nutrition》2009,55(2):294-299
Radioisotope techniques are well known as methods for evaluating symplastic ion absorption in roots. In the present study, a new method for evaluating symplastic cadmium (Cd) absorption in plant roots was developed using the enriched isotopes 113 Cd and 114 Cd. Seedlings of Solanum melongena were exposed to an enriched isotope solution of 113 Cd at 25°C for 30 min. The roots were excised from each seedling and were then immersed in a cold buffer solution without Cd at 2°C for 120 min to suppress the metabolic activity of the roots. Finally, the roots were treated with a cold buffer solution containing enriched stable isotope 114 Cd at 2°C for 120 min, whereby the apoplastically bound 113 Cd was desorbed. We tested the validity of our method for evaluating symplastic Cd in roots compared with the conventional method based on differences in the amount of Cd absorbed at 2°C and 25°C using unlabeled Cd. There was no difference in the symplastic Cd content of the roots between the two methods. These results indicate that it is possible to evaluate the symplastic Cd content in roots using the enriched isotopes 113 Cd and 114 Cd. 相似文献
2.
T. REN S. KOSHIO S. TESHIMA M. ISHIKAWA A. PANGANIBAN JR O. UYAN M.S. ALAM 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2008,14(5):416-422
A feeding experiment was conducted to examine the efficacy of a vitamin C (L‐ascorbic acid, AsA) derivative, l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate Na/Ca (AMP‐Na/Ca) by comparing to l ‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate‐Mg (AMP‐Mg) in terms of growth, AsA content in tissues, and hematology in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata juvenile (1.10 ± 0.01 g). Furthermore, a stress resistance test for the species fed AMP‐Na/Ca was also conducted. In experiment 1, 11 test pellet diets with different levels of AMP‐Na/Ca (0, 12, 43, 88, 440 and 881 mg AsA kg?1diet) and AMP‐Mg (0, 16, 52, 106, 595 and 1164 mg AsA kg?1 diet) were formulated and fed to the yellowtail three times per day for 50 days. In both the vitamin C sources, the survival rates of the fish fed diets without supplemental AsA were lower than 50% at day 20, and more than 50% mortality occurred in fish that fed the diets containing 12 or 16 mg AsA kg?1 after day 30. However, no significant differences were detected in survival and growth among fish that fed the diets containing more than 43 mg AsA kg?1. Liver and brain AsA concentrations generally increased with increasing dietary AsA level in both sources. In experiment 2, test diets were formulated to contain 43, 88, 440 and 881 mg AsA kg?1 using AMP‐Na/Ca, and after 60 days of feeding, yellowtail juveniles were subjected to low salinity and air exposure stress. The fish that received diets with 440 mg AsA kg?1 showed significantly higher tolerance to low salinity stress and higher survival rate in air exposure stress than those of other groups. The present study demonstrated that yellowtail juveniles could utilize AMP‐Na/Ca as an AsA source like AMP‐Mg, and that supplementation of 43–52 mg AsA kg?1 diet was optimum for normal growth. However, this study showed that dietary inclusion of 440 mg AsA kg?1 would be necessary to improve stress resistance of this species. 相似文献
3.
Sadamasa ISHIKAWA Kou HIRAGA Yuuki HIRADATE Kentaro TANEMURA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2015,77(6):725-728
Acetamiprid (ACE) and imidacroprid (IMI) are known neonicotinoid insecticides with strong
affinities for the insect-selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. These provide insect
control by hyperstimulating insect nerves and are used for agricultural pest management.
However, it has also been reported that ACE and IMI affect mammalian reproductive
function. We determined the effects of ACE and IMI on the in vitro
maturation of porcine oocytes. Significant decreases in nuclear maturation rates were
observed in the ACE or IMI-exposed groups. Also, in matured oocytes from the ACE or
IMI-exposed groups, irregular chromosomes were observed. Our results suggest that ACE and
IMI exposure was detrimental to porcine oocytes and the extent of the effects depends on
the concentration of exposure. 相似文献
4.
MD Shah ALAM Shin-Ichi TESHIMA Manabu ISHIKAWA Shunsuke KOSHIO 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(3):509-516
ABSTRACT: To investigate the effects of disproportionate levels of dietary arginine and lysine on juvenile Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus , growth performance and biochemical parameters were evaluated by feeding five test diets, comprising different levels of arginine and lysine, to triplicate groups of juveniles (initial bodyweight 1.85 g) for 40 days. Crystalline amino acids were supplemented to test diets to correspond to the amino acid pattern found in the whole body protein of the Japanese flounder, except for arginine and lysine. After the feeding trials, plasma arginine, lysine and urea levels, excreted ammonia-N, and liver arginase activity were analysed. Survival, specific growth rate, feed conversion efficiency, and apparent protein retention were adversely affected ( P < 0.05) by the deficiency in dietary arginine or lysine concentrations. An excess of either lysine or arginine in the diet did not depress growth when the diets contained adequate levels of either arginine or lysine, proving that there is no evidence for an arginine–lysine antagonism. Results for plasma arginine, lysine and urea levels, excreted ammonia, and liver arginase activity also demonstrated that Japanese flounder juveniles are not sensitive to excess dietary levels of lysine and arginine. 相似文献
5.
6.
Kanichi KUSANO Yuhiro ISHIKAWA Kazuhiro SEKI Ryo KUSUNOSE 《Journal of Equine Science》2008,19(2):25-29
Inflammatory airway disease (IAD) is a common cause of poor performance, interruption of
training and premature retirement in racehorses. It is also reported that up to 80% of
horses are affected at some point in the first years of training in UK and Australia.
However, no studies with regard to the information on occurrence of IAD in Japanese
Thoroughbred racehorses have been reported. To investigate the occurrence and the
characteristics of IAD, epidemic research including endoscopic examination of the airway
tract and trachea wash was conducted for Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor
performance which airway tract disease was suspected stalled in training facility managed
by Japan Racing Association. Fifty-six out of 76 Thoroughbred racehorses (73.7%)
presenting coughing or poor performance were diagnosed as IAD. Mean incidence rate of IAD
was 0.3% and it has been confirmed that constant number of IAD exists in Japan. Up to
35.7% of IAD horses showed upper airway abnormalities in some extent. There was a trend
for IAD horses to use wood shavings for bedding and fed hay from the ground compared with
the control group. Therefore, improvement of stabling environment may aid in preventing
IAD. This study demonstrated that Japanese Thoroughbred racehorses are affected by IAD
likewise other countries as well as demonstrated the characteristics of IAD which may
contribute to the clarification of the pathogenesis of IAD. 相似文献
7.
Cytology of tracheal aspirates, tracheal endoscopic and blood tests were carried out to
86 Thoroughbred racehorses presenting coughs or poor performance which were suspected to
have lower respiratory tract disease (LRTD) to assess the conditions of the disorders.
Racehorses were classified into coughing (66 horses) and non-coughing (20 horses) groups
based on clinical symptoms. Nine Thoroughbred racehorses without respiratory abnormality
were used as controls. Assessment of grades of airway mucus, cytology of tracheal
aspirates and serum amyloid A (SAA), fibrinogen (Fbg) and pulmonary surfactant protein D
(SP-D) measurements were performed. Relationships between age, gender and racing careers
were also investigated to understand the characteristics of LRTD in racehorses. Mean age
was significantly higher in non-coughing group compared to coughing group. Existence of
racing career and number of starts were significantly greater in non-coughing group
compared to coughing group. On the other hand, grades of airway mucus were significantly
higher in coughing group compared to control group. Percentages of neutrophils in tracheal
aspirates were significantly higher in coughing group compared to non-coughing and control
groups. SAA, Fbg and SP-D were higher in coughing group compared to non-coughing and
control groups indicating that condition of coughing group is in the acute phase. Positive
rate of inflammatory airway disease was significantly higher in coughing and non-coughing
groups compared to control group. It was concluded that carrying out comprehensive
evaluation including investigation on SAA, Fbg and SP-D analysis with airway assessment to
Thoroughbred racehorses which were suspected to have LRTD are useful procedure to
understand the pathological condition which aid to initiate appropriate treatment,
prognosis judgment or to advise trainers to consider altering training regimen. 相似文献
8.
A. LAINING M. ISHIKAWA K. KYAW J. GAO N.T. BINH S. KOSHIO S. YAMAGUCHI S. YOKOYAMA J. KOYAMA 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2011,17(3):267-277
A 2 × 3 factorial feeding trial was conducted to determine effects of dietary Ca/P ratio and dietary microbial phytase on growth, mineral digestibility and vertebral mineralization in tiger puffer. The treatments consisted of three levels of Ca/P ratios (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) combined either with phytase (2000 FTU kg?1 diet) or without supplementation, respectively. The Ca/P ratios were achieved by supplementing calcium at 0, 6 and 12 g kg?1 combined with the same level of inorganic P at 5 g kg?1. After a 50‐day feeding trial, puffer fish fed the diet at low Ca/P ratio (0.5) together with phytase had significantly higher growth rate and feed intake (FI) than other groups. Both dietary Ca/P ratio and phytase supplement were independent effects on plasma minerals and alkaline phosphatase. Interactive effect between both dietary treatments was observed on P and Zn contents in vertebrae and whole body. P and Zn digestibilities tended to increase with increased Ca/P ratio from 0.5 to 1.0, especially when phytase was supplemented. In conclusion, fish fed a diet with highest Ca/P ratio (1.5) showed the poorest growth performance and nutrients utilization. Dietary Ca/P ratio of 0.5 (without Ca supplement) with 2000 FTU phytase per kg would be the optimum combination in the diet of tiger puffer. 相似文献
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10.
Rattanatrai CHAIYASING Akihiro SUGIURA Takuro ISHIKAWA Koichi OJIMA Katsuhiko WARITA Yoshinao Z. HOSAKA 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(12):1812
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the functions of estrogen and two estrogen receptors (ERs; ERα and ERβ) in the myoregeneration process and morphogenesis. Cardiotoxin (CTX) was injected into the tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of ovariectomized (OVX) mice to induce muscle injury, and subsequent myoregeneration was morphologically assessed. The diameter of regenerated myotubes in OVX mice was significantly smaller than that in intact mice at all time points of measurement. OVX mice also showed lower muscle recovery rates and slower speeds than did intact mice. ER protein levels showed a predominance of ERβ over ERα in both intact and OVX states. The ERβ level was increased significantly at 7 days after CTX injection in OVX mice and remained at a high level until 14 days. In addition, continuous administration of E2 to OVX mice in which muscle injury was induced resulted in a significantly larger diameter of regenerated myotubes than that in mice that did not receive estrogen. The results indicate that estrogen is an essential factor in the myoregeneration process since estrogen depletion delayed myoregeneration in injured muscles and administration of estrogen under the condition of a low estrogen status rescued delayed myoregeneration. The results strongly suggested that ERβ may be a factor that promotes myoregeneration more than does ERα. 相似文献