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M J Murray 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1992,201(1):117-120
Gastroendoscopy was performed on 111 horses (1 to 22 years old) that had signs of abdominal discomfort of variable duration and severity. At least 1 episode of colic had been observed within 48 hours of examination in 31 horses. Recurrent episodes of colic were observed in 28 horses within 2 to 10 days of examination, 31 horses within 11 to 30 days, 12 horses within 31 to 60 days, and in 9 horses at more than 60 days after the initial examination. Gastric ulceration was found in 91 of 111 horses examined. Other abnormalities involving the gastrointestinal tract or other abdominal viscera were not found on examination in 57 of 91 horses with gastric ulcers. The most frequent concurrent abnormalities found in the remaining 34 horses with gastric ulcers were impaction of the large colon (n = 6), colonic tympany (n = 6), peritonitis (n = 6), gastric impaction (n = 4), ileocecal intussusception (n = 3), small-colon impaction (n = 4), and proximal enteritis (n = 2). Thirteen horses with gastric ulceration underwent abdominal surgery, and in 5 horses, lesions were not found at surgery. Gastric ulceration was determined to be the primary cause of colic in 31 horses on the basis of the lack of other abnormalities, clinical response to treatment with histamine type-2 receptor (H2) antagonists, and confirmation of improvement or resolution of gastric ulceration via endoscopy. Gastric ulceration was the suspected cause of colic in 26 other horses on the basis of the lack of other abnormalities, severity of lesions, and clinical response to treatment with H2 antagonists.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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Pharmacokinetic indices for cefovecin after single‐dose administration to adult sea otters (Enhydra lutris) 下载免费PDF全文
E. A. Lee B. A. Byrne M. A. Young M. Murray M. A. Miller L. A. Tell 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2016,39(6):625-628
Seven sea otters received a single subcutaneous dose of cefovecin at 8 mg/kg body weight. Plasma samples were collected at predetermined time points and assayed for total cefovecin concentrations using ultra‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. The mean (±SD) noncompartmental pharmacokinetic indices were as follows: CMax (obs) 70.6 ± 14.6 μg/mL, TMax (obs) 2.9 ± 1.5 h, elimination rate constant (kel) 0.017 ± 0.002/h, elimination half‐life (t1/2kel) 41.6 ± 4.7 h, area under the plasma concentration‐vs.‐time curve to last sample (AUClast) 3438.7 ± 437.7 h·μg/mL and AUC extrapolated to infinity (AUC0→∞) 3447.8 ± 439.0 h·μg/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for select isolates were determined and used to suggest possible dosing intervals of 10 days, 5 days, and 2.5 days for gram‐positive, gram‐negative, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacterial species, respectively. This study found a single subcutaneous dose of cefovecin sodium in sea otters to be clinically safe and a viable option for long‐acting antimicrobial therapy. 相似文献
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Huimin Yang Murray Unkovich Ann McNeill Xianzhi Wang 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2011,47(4):377-385
Symbiotic N2 fixation by lucerne (Medicago sativa) has capacity to provide significant inputs of N to agro-ecosystems, and the species has also been shown to scavenge soil mineral N and thus act as a sink for excess reactive N. The balance between these two N cycle processes was investigated in an extensive irrigated lucerne growing region where nitrate contamination of groundwater has been reported. We sampled 18 permanent pure lucerne stands under irrigation for standing dry matter, total shoot N, and N2 fixation using 15N natural abundance along with activity of the inducible enzyme nitrate reductase as indicators of use of soil NO3− by lucerne. On average 65% of lucerne N was obtained from symbiotic N2 fixation. Converting standing dry matter estimates to annual N2 fixation amounts we calculated average N2 fixation of 311 kg N/ha, including N in roots and nodules. Uptake of N from soil by lucerne was calculated to be 181 kg N/ha/year. We were not able to identify the source of this soil mineral N, although nitrate reductase activity of lucerne was higher than that of non-N2 fixing species examined. 相似文献
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Gabriele Vaccari Cynthia H. Panagiotidis Cristina Acin Simone Peletto Francis Barillet Pierluigi Acutis Alex Bossers Jan Langeveld Lucien van Keulen Theodoros Sklaviadis Juan J. Badiola Olivier Andr��oletti Martin H. Groschup Umberto Agrimi James Foster Wilfred Goldmann 《Veterinary research》2009,40(5)
Scrapie is a fatal, neurodegenerative disease of sheep and goats. It is also the earliest known member in the family of diseases classified as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases, which includes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), and chronic wasting disease in cervids. The recent revelation of naturally occurring BSE in a goat has brought the issue of TSE in goats to the attention of the public. In contrast to scrapie, BSE presents a proven risk to humans. The risk of goat BSE, however, is difficult to evaluate, as our knowledge of TSE in goats is limited. Natural caprine scrapie has been discovered throughout Europe, with reported cases generally being greatest in countries with the highest goat populations. As with sheep scrapie, susceptibility and incubation period duration of goat scrapie are most likely controlled by the prion protein (PrP) gene (PRNP). Like the PRNP of sheep, the caprine PRNP shows significantly greater variability than that of cattle and humans. Although PRNP variability in goats differs from that observed in sheep, the two species share several identical alleles. Moreover, while the ARR allele associated with enhancing resistance in sheep is not present in the goat PRNP, there is evidence for the existence of other PrP variants related to resistance. This review presents the current knowledge of the epidemiology of caprine scrapie within the major European goat populations, and compiles the current data on genetic variability of PRNP. 相似文献
7.
Falush D Wirth T Linz B Pritchard JK Stephens M Kidd M Blaser MJ Graham DY Vacher S Perez-Perez GI Yamaoka Y Mégraud F Otto K Reichard U Katzowitsch E Wang X Achtman M Suerbaum S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,299(5612):1582-1585
Helicobacter pylori, a chronic gastric pathogen of human beings, can be divided into seven populations and subpopulations with distinct geographical distributions. These modern populations derive their gene pools from ancestral populations that arose in Africa, Central Asia, and East Asia. Subsequent spread can be attributed to human migratory fluxes such as the prehistoric colonization of Polynesia and the Americas, the neolithic introduction of farming to Europe, the Bantu expansion within Africa, and the slave trade. 相似文献
8.
Biffa D Inangolet F Bogale A Oloya J Djønne B Skjerve E 《Tropical animal health and production》2011,43(2):529-538
This study was aimed at investigating risk factors associated with prevalence of tuberculosis (TB)-like lesions and associated
mycobacteria in Ethiopian cattle slaughtered. The study was carried out during 2006–2007 in five selected municipal and export
abattoirs. Methods of investigation involved detailed necropsy examination of carcasses and isolation of mycobacteria from
pathologic tissue specimens. Factors of animal and environment origin were recorded and examined as explanatory variables
in relation to the presence or absence of TB-like lesions and the presence of viable mycobacteria. Multivariable logistic
regression analysis was used to identify risk factors associated with prevalence of TB-like lesions and mycobacteria. Out
of 3,322 carcasses inspected, 10.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) [9.2–11.3]) and 3.2% (95% CI [2.6–3.8]) were positive, respectively,
based on necropsy and bacteriologic examinations. The highest and lowest lesion prevalence was recorded in Adama (24.7%) and
Yabello (4.2%), respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age, breed, abattoir location, geographic
origin and management system as being risk factors for prevalence of TB-like lesions and occurrence of viable mycobacteria
in Ethiopian cattle. The study demonstrated mycobacterial infection as important infectious disease of Ethiopian cattle. The
reported confirmed cases of the disease in different management and geographic settings in Ethiopia disproved the earlier
held opinion of its occurrence as a low sporadic profile. In view of a dietary proclivity of Ethiopian communities (milk and
meat are predominantly consumed raw) and lifestyle (close contact of people with animals), the risk of bovine tuberculosis
as a public health threat is eminent. 相似文献
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Fritz DM Reis DA Adams B Akre RA Arthur J Blome C Bucksbaum PH Cavalieri AL Engemann S Fahy S Falcone RW Fuoss PH Gaffney KJ George MJ Hajdu J Hertlein MP Hillyard PB Horn-von Hoegen M Kammler M Kaspar J Kienberger R Krejcik P Lee SH Lindenberg AM McFarland B Meyer D Montagne T Murray ED Nelson AJ Nicoul M Pahl R Rudati J Schlarb H Siddons DP Sokolowski-Tinten K Tschentscher T von der Linde D Hastings JB 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,315(5812):633-636
Intense femtosecond laser excitation can produce transient states of matter that would otherwise be inaccessible to laboratory investigation. At high excitation densities, the interatomic forces that bind solids and determine many of their properties can be substantially altered. Here, we present the detailed mapping of the carrier density-dependent interatomic potential of bismuth approaching a solid-solid phase transition. Our experiments combine stroboscopic techniques that use a high-brightness linear electron accelerator-based x-ray source with pulse-by-pulse timing reconstruction for femtosecond resolution, allowing quantitative characterization of the interatomic potential energy surface of the highly excited solid. 相似文献