3株蒜头果内生木霉的鉴定及其对幼苗的促生作用研究

【目的】鉴定3株蒜头果内生木霉,并探讨其对幼苗生长发育的影响,为蒜头果内生木霉资源的利用及优质苗木培育提供参考。【方法】采用分子系统学和形态学方法,鉴定3株分离自蒜头果茎部和根部的内生木霉。通过接种效应试验,测定根施3种木霉菌液和无菌水（对照）后,蒜头果幼苗的生长性状、生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量以及木霉的根系定殖率,并结合各项指标的隶属函数值对不同处理的蒜头果幼苗品质进行综合评价。【结果】通过构建木霉属菌种系统发育树以及对菌落形态和微观结构的观察,确定3株内生木霉分别为哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum,SF15）、贵州木霉（T. guizhouense,SF548）和绒毛木霉（T. tomentosum,SF434）。接种菌株SF15和SF548的蒜头果幼苗株高增量、叶片增量显著高于对照,3种木霉处理的幼苗茎粗增量均显著高于对照。接种菌株SF15和SF548的蒜头果幼苗主根长和根部吸器数量显著高于对照,而最大吸器直径显著低于对照,且不同处理组的蒜头果幼苗主根长与根部吸器数量呈一定正相关,而与最大吸器直径呈一定负相关。接种菌株SF15和SF548的幼苗地下、地上、全株鲜质量及干质量均显著高于对照,接种菌株SF434的处理组全株鲜质量及地下和全株干质量显著高于对照。3个接菌组蒜头果幼苗叶片叶绿素含量,POD、SOD、CAT活性以及可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均显著高于对照。接种菌株SF15和SF548的蒜头果幼苗根系定殖率分别为64.25%和61.78%,显著高于接种SF434的根系定殖率55.57%。基于各项测定指标的隶属函数值,不同处理组幼苗品质的综合排名为：接种SF15的处理>接种SF548的处理>接种SF434的处理>对照。【结论】3株蒜头果内生木霉对幼苗生长、生物量、叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性以及可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量的提高有积极促进作用,其中菌株SF15和SF548的促生效果较为显著,为蒜头果潜在的促生菌株。     

Mapping B-cell linear epitopes of NS3 protein of bovine viral diarrhea virus

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a member of the genus Pestivirus within the family Flaviviridae. NS3 is one of the immunodominance regions of the BVDV viral proteins. To identify the potential B-cell linear antigenic epitopes within BVDV NS3 region, serial overlapping truncations covering the whole region were expressed and purified, and screened by multistep of Western-blot. We found (₁VCKKITEHERCHVNI₁₅), (₂₀AFFGVMPRGTTPRAPVR₃₆), (₄₆RRGLETGWAYTHQGGI₆₁), (₂₈₁EGDMATGITYASYGYFC₂₉₇), (₄₂₆YSGEDPANLRVVTSQSPYVVVATNAIESGV₄₅₅) and (₄₈₁FIVTGLKRMAVTVGEQA₄₉₇) can be recognized by the BVDV infected bovine serum. These proteins have been confirmed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA). The results of this study might open new perspectives on the structure and antibody–antigen reaction of the non-structural proteins and may aid in the clinical application as well.     

乐果在柞树叶内的动态残留分析

将40%乐果乳油配制成0.2%质量分数药液喷施柞树叶面,进行乐果在柞叶中的动态残留分析试验。结果表明,随着施药后采样间隔期的延长,柞叶中乐果的残留量逐渐减少,消解动态符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为69.3 h。在柞蚕饰腹寄蝇病防治中,一定要把握好施药时期。     

红曲霉对干酪成熟过程中理化性质、微观结构及风味物质的影响

以牛乳为原料,红曲霉为辅助发酵剂,制备霉菌成熟干酪,并对红曲霉干酪的理化性质、游离氨基酸、微观结构及挥发性风味物质进行研究。结果表明：使用红曲霉作为辅助发酵剂加工的干酪得率16.55%、蛋白质含量18.03%、脂肪含量33.40%、钙含量376.67 mg/100 g、水分含量44.47%、盐含量863.67 mg/100 g;在成熟过程中,pH值呈先下降后上升再逐渐稳定的趋势;由微观结构可知,红曲霉对成熟干酪内部结构影响显著;通过高效液相色谱法及气相色谱-质谱联用法,共鉴定出23 种游离氨基酸及32 种挥发性化合物,与对照组相比,在成熟期结束时,实验组干酪中的游离氨基酸含量显著提高,平均增加58.8 倍,挥发性化合物的种类与含量也存在显著变化。     

猪链球菌2型四川分离株毒力基因的检测及其序列分析

根据猪链球菌2型的MRP、EPF和SLY基因设计合成了四对引物,对我们分离鉴定的2005四川分离株进行毒力因子检测,并对阳性产物测序比较。结果以分离株为模板,获得了与预期结果一致的867bp(MRP)、572bp(EF)的2个片段,以及SLY的长度为1502bp目的片段(外引物)和1443bp的目的片段(内引物)。说明分离株SSsc0501为MRP+EF+SLY+,属于具有3种主要毒力因子的强毒株。经对PCR阳性产物测序及序列分析,结果其与P1/7株的核苷酸序列完全一致,与1933株的同源性达99.7%,仅在128位、217位、744位、1380位、1386位的5个核苷酸发生突变。在氨基酸水平上SSsc0501株与1933株的同源性达99.6%,有2个氨基酸发生替代。     

水貂犬瘟热病的诊治

2001年6月上旬以来,胶东地区部分水貂养殖场出现以双相热、眼结膜炎、脚趾水肿等为特征的疾病.根据流行病学、临床症状、病理剖检、实验室诊断确诊为水貂犬瘟热病,及时采取措施,控制了本病的发展.现将本病的诊断与治疗情况报告如下.     

Virulence traits of avian pathogenic (APEC) and fecal (AFEC) <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> isolated from broiler chickens in Algeria

Avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) is the etiologic agent of avian colibacillosis, the most common disease responsible for chicken morbidity in the world. Although multiple virulence-associated factors were identified, their prevalence in Algeria is still poorly known. In the present research, 92 avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) isolates were recovered from broilers with clinical signs and lesions of colibacillosis. In addition, 32 E. coli isolates collected from feces of healthy birds (AFEC) were included for comparison. All isolates were investigated by PCR for the presence of a total of 11 virulence-associated genes described for avian pathogenic (iroN, ompT, hlyF, iss, iutA, and fimC) and diarrheagenic E. coli (eae, stx, elt/est, ipaH, and aggR). The sensitivity of 39 APEC isolates to 16 antibiotics was also determined using antimicrobial pretreated microplates. Here, we report that 98% of the examined isolates host at least one of the tested virulence factors. The most prevalent genes in APEC were iutA (90.6%), ompT (86.9%), and iss (85.8%); whereas, iutA (78.1%), fimC (78.1%), and iroN (68.7%) were the highest prevalent genes in AFEC. Our data showed that none of the AFEC isolates harbor any of the tested diarrheagenic genes. Moreover, only elt/est (5.4%), stx (2.1%), and ipaH (2.1%) genes were carried by APEC isolates. We further established that ceftazodime, ceftiofur, mequindox, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and meropenem were the most efficient antibiotics against the analyzed APEC isolates. Overall, our findings provide more insights about APEC and AFEC virulence potential in Algeria which could participate in the fight against colibacillosis.     

我国部分地区病死畜禽无害化处理中心病原灭活情况调查

为了解我国病死畜禽无害化处理环节病原灭活效果,2020年对11个省(自治区)52个病死畜禽无害化处理中心开展抽样检测、问卷调查.通过对样品进行病毒核酸检测和病毒核酸阳性样品病原活性检测发现,化制法、发酵法、碳化法、酸解法均可灭活非洲猪瘟、猪瘟、口蹄疫和猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等4种疫病病原.通过问卷调查发现,无害化处理中心因...     

佐剂对鸡补体水平影响的研究

６０只未免疫的伊莎褐雄鸡雏分成４组，于２４日龄开始用试管法以５０％溶血度为标准样检测补体。３１日时Ａ，Ｂ，Ｃ三组分别皮下注射司盘－８０＋白油，氢氧化铝胶和ＢＣＧ，Ｄ组对照；４６日龄时再次注射。从３１日龄至５６日龄每隔５天检测一次。结果表明，佐剂使鸡的补体水平普遍升高。于每次注射后第５天达到高峰，第１０天左右接近正常。其中ＢＣＧ影响现大，并于５１日龄时天对照组异显著（０．０１＜Ｐ＜０．０５）．     

2019年我国部分地区屠宰生猪旋毛虫和弓形虫检测

为了解我国部分地区屠宰生猪旋毛虫和弓形虫感染情况,2019年在广东（5个）、山东（4个）、云南（6个）等省份的15个大型、中小型生猪屠宰场,采集猪膈肌样品315份,用PCR方法进行旋毛虫和弓形虫病原学检测;在以上3省15个大型、中小型生猪屠宰场（每省5个）,采集血清样品254份,用ELISA方法进行旋毛虫和弓形虫血清学检测。结果显示：经PCR检测,采样地区所有膈肌样品均为旋毛虫阴性,仅在云南省120份膈肌样品中检出1份弓形虫阳性;经ELISA检测,采样地区血清样品的旋毛虫和弓形虫抗体阳性率分别为1.97%和2.36%,不同省份的阳性率分布不一致,中小型屠宰场阳性率均高于大型屠宰场。结果表明,广东、山东、云南等省份屠宰生猪的旋毛虫和弓形虫携带率极低,基本可以保证猪肉的产品安全;部分地区屠宰生猪存在一定的弓形虫感染抗体,尤其是中小型屠宰场,表明此类猪群需要加强饲养环节的弓形虫感染控制。本研究为保障猪肉食品安全及饲养环节的猪旋毛虫和弓形虫感染控制提供了依据和指导。