Effects of three methionine sources in diets on temporal B0AT1 and ASCT2 mRNA expression in different intestinal segments of cobia,Rachycentron canadum

A 4‐week feeding trial was conducted using five groups of hybrid grouper (61.15 ± 0.15 g) to explore the potential effects of three methionine (Met) sources. Five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated that included a fishmeal (FM) diet; nonsupplemented (NS) diet; or NS diets with the addition of the L‐methionine (L‐Met), DL‐methionine (DL‐Met), or coated Met (Co‐Met) to obtain the same Met level as the FM diet. Fish were randomly distributed into sea cages (30 fish per cage). Weight gain and specific growth rate in the DL‐Met group and FM group were significantly higher than those in all other groups (p < .05). In the proximal and distal intestines, of the 20 gene and time combinations (10 per gene), there were 14 combinations (70%) in which there were no significant differences in gene expression levels between the FM and DL‐Met groups (p > .05). The main reason for the same growth effect between the DL‐Met and FM groups may be attributed to the synchronized absorption at most time points after feeding, which had similar expression patterns of B⁰AT1 and ASCT2 of the proximal and distal intestines between two groups.     

Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats

The morphological features of blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats were compared using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry in order to investigate the cytological changes of neutrophils after migration into the mammary gland. The kinetics of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) generation and gelatinase release of blood and milk neutrophils, with or without stimulation of phorbol 12-myristate, 13-acetate ester (PMA), were used to characterize their responses to inflammatory stimuli. Neutrophils isolated from goat milk were highly segmented and contained multi-lobed nuclei. Ultrastructurally, milk neutrophils were more ruffled on the surface compared to blood neutrophils. Approximately 30% of milk neutrophils were undergoing cell death, either necrosis or apoptosis, in contrast to 8% of blood neutrophils. The ROI production of activated milk neutrophils peaked earlier than blood neutrophils, but the duration and the intensity were much less. Neutrophils from both sources augmented the release of gelatinase in response to PMA (1 ng/mL). However, the amount of gelatinase released from milk neutrophils was lower (P < 0.05) than that of blood neutrophils. In summary, more neutrophils become apoptotic and necrotic in the mammary gland, presumably due to spontaneous aging, the process of diapedesis, and the interaction with milk components. Milk neutrophils have impaired functionalities in comparison with blood neutrophils. The information is relevant when studying mammary gland immunity and related diseases, such as mastitis.     

亚热带牧用草地中威提特东非狼尾草的种子繁殖研究

在3月和4月对全日制放牧的东非狼尾草草地上的风干牛粪取样,进行发芽试验,分别测定其中的东非狼尾草发芽种子数量。结果,3月取样平均432.5 g的牛粪中东非狼尾草平均发芽种子数量为118.25粒,4月取样平均437.8 g的牛粪中东非狼尾草平均发芽种子数量为52.8粒,二者平均牛粪重为435.15 g,平均发芽种子为85.5粒,说明牛粪中东非狼尾草种子数量较多,是其繁殖扩展较快的主要原因;3月取样的种子数量为4月取样数量的1.38倍,说明人工利用牛粪进行东非狼尾草繁殖时,需在有降雨来临前准备,即1～3月进行牛粪的准备工作。     

无菌松材线虫对10年生黑松致病性的研究

2001年9月,用无菌的松材线虫对10年生黑松进行接种.2002年8月,检查黑松发病情况,并对接种的松树进行线虫和细菌的再分离.试验发现:接种的8株黑松11个月后仍有5株表现正常,没有出现任何症状,而从其木质部却能分离到数量较多的无菌松材线虫.结果说明:无菌的松材线虫虽然能侵入松树木质部,但在不携带细菌的情况下对松树是没有致病力的.     

冠状病毒受体的研究进展

近年来多种感染人或家畜的冠状病毒病轮番出现,给人类社会的经济和公共卫生安全带来很大危害.特别是在2019年底出现并在全球迅速蔓延的SARS-CoV-2,由此引发的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)在2019年12月至2020年3月之间在全球范围内造成超过7万人死亡.冠状病毒感染宿主的第一步是识别宿主细胞膜受体分子并与...     

红平菇菌株H1多糖提取工艺及其功能分析

采用热水浸提法提取红平菇多糖,并测定了不同料水比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、乙醇体积分数对多糖提取率的影响,同时对提取的子实体多糖的功能进行了初步试验。结果表明:红平菇子实体多糖的提取工艺——料水比1∶50、90℃、提取时间3 h、提取3次,在这种条件下提取率最高;用乙醇沉淀多糖时,采用体积分数为70%以上的乙醇就可以达到较好效果。采用考马斯亮蓝G-250法测得粗多糖中的蛋白质含量为4.62%;采用Sevag法除去游离的蛋白质后的多糖经H2O2脱色,得到稍呈淡黄色的红平菇精多糖。多糖的功能试验结果表明:红平菇多糖对羟基自由基和超氧离子自由基都有清除作用,对超氧离子自由基的清除作用较好。     

生物大分子标记物检测在环境监测中的应用

生物大分子标记物是指生物体内的一些对外界环境变化敏感并能产生一些可检测变化的大分子物质,这些大分子物质能够反映环境变化对生物体的影响。随着社会对环境保护的日益重视和分子生物学技术的发展,将生物大分子标记物的检测应用到环境监测中已经成为一种趋势。生物大分子标记物检测由于其测定指标全面、准确、系统且具有特异性等优点,近十几年来作为污染物暴露和毒性效应的早期预警工具已被广泛应用于环境评价中。本文对一些主要的生物大分子标记物及其检测技术在环境监测中的应用状况及应用前景进行综述,旨在为生物大分子标记技术在环境检测实际操作中的应用提供参考依据。     

太子河流域参考作物腾发量演变特征及气候影响因素分析

采用太子河流域内8个气象站1960～2005年间气象资料,应用Penman-Montieth公式计算了46年间逐月参考作物腾发量(ET₀),对参考作物腾发量及气象要素的年际变化特征、月际变化特征及趋势进行了分析,应用统计检验方法分析了影响流域参考作物腾发量变化的主要气象因素。结果表明：近46年间太子河流域ET₀值呈现缓慢下降趋势,年内ET₀值分布以5、6月份最高,1月份最低。影响ET₀的主要气候要素按影响程度强弱依次为日照、风速、温度、相对湿度。     

巴拉那根结线虫的鉴定及生物学特性

巴拉那根结线虫(Meloidogyne paranaensis)是咖啡上最具有毁灭性的根结线虫之一,可造成咖啡减产高达50%,目前主要发生在巴西、危地马拉和墨西哥,我国没有分布。本文介绍了巴拉那根结线虫的形态鉴定特征和生物学特性等内容。     

基于GIS的近30年来松辽平原沙质荒漠化遥感动态研究

本文运用GIS、RS手段,以航天遥感MSS、TM、ETM为主要信息源,对松辽平原进行多时相、大面积沙质荒漠化遥感动态监测,从中探索松辽平原沙质荒漠化动态变化的规律,为经济发展和生态建设提供科学依据。研究结果表明:近30年来松辽平原沙质荒漠化面积变化呈现快速增加和缓慢减少两个阶段,即70年代中期到80年代末,松辽平原沙质荒漠化总面积呈快速增加趋势,动态度为-3.91%;而80年代末到本世纪初则呈缓慢减少趋势,动态度为0.82%。松辽平原沙质荒漠化的重心随之呈有规律的移动,沙质荒漠化面积增加时重心向东北方向移动,速率为3.08km/年。沙质荒漠化面积减少时重心向西南方向移动,速率为1.64km/年。