Seroprevalence of porcine and human influenza A virus antibodies in pigs between 1986 and 1988 in Hassia

1,268 sera collected from slaughtered pigs in Hassia (FRG) from 1986 to 1988 were tested for antibodies against porcine and human influenza A virus strains using the single radial haemolysis test (SRHT). Antibodies against the porcine strains (subtype H1N1) A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81, A/Swine/Iowa/15/30 and A/New Jersey/7/76 were detected in 411 (32.4%), 318 (25.1%) and 304 (24.0%) of sera, respectively. Up to 1988 a slight increase (10%) in the seroprevalence to A/Swine/Arnsberg/1/81 was noticed, whereas the results obtained with the other strains showed little variation. Antibodies against the human H1N1 strain A/Singapore/6/86 were only found in sera collected 1987 and 1988 in rates of 1.6% and 3.0%. Serological indication of infections with the human H3N2 strains A/Victoria/1/75, A/Hong Kong/1/68 and A/Philippines/2/82 could be shown in 286 (22.6%), 178 (14.4%) and 135 (10.6%) of the serum samples. Within the three year period the rate of sera positive for antibodies against A/Philippines/2/82 increased from 6.5% to 23.0%, whereas no variation in the rates were found using the other H3N2 strains. Antibodies simultaneously against porcine (H1N1) and human (H3N2) virus strains were detected in 9.9% of all sera tested.     

糖苷水解酶家族基因AghyGH1a参与莲草直胸跳甲对皂苷的代谢

为了解植物化合防御物质皂苷对专食性天敌莲草直胸跳甲Agasicles hygrophila的防御作用,测定莲草直胸跳甲2龄幼虫取食皂苷后的排泄和肠道变化,利用转录组测序筛选参与皂苷代谢的候选基因,并采用 RNA 干扰技术鉴定候选基因功能。结果发现,取食皂苷导致莲草直胸跳甲幼虫排泄量增加,肠道畸变,排泄量与取食皂苷浓度正相关。转录组测序发现,与对照相比,取食 100 mmol/L皂苷处理的莲草直胸跳甲幼虫肠道有496条差异表达基因,其中261个上调基因和235个下调基因。GO分类和KEGG分类分析发现糖苷水解酶家族1（glycoside hydrolase family1,GH1）基因集中在碳水化合物水解通路。利用RNA干扰技术鉴定发现,莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a基因沉默可导致幼虫取食皂苷后排泄量增加,肠道内容物颜色更暗沉。表明莲草直胸跳甲AghyGH1a参与皂苷代谢。     

Effect of stachyose supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and caecal fermentation characteristics in broilers

1. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether the oligosaccharide stachyose enhances gastrointestinal tract health by fermentation and proliferation of desirable bacteria species and thus affects growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broilers. 2. A total of 432 1-d-old male Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were randomly allocated to one of 6 treatments, with 12 replicate pens per treatment and 6 birds per pen. Chicks were fed a maize-hamlet protein 300 (HP300) basal diet with 0, 4.0, 8.0, 12.0 or 16.0 g/kg stachyose. A sixth diet contained no HP300 but soybean meal (SBM) and provided 8.7 g/kg stachyose and 3.1 g/kg raffinose. The duration of the study was 42 d. 3. Stachyose contents above 12.0 g/kg depressed group body weights, average daily gain and feed/gain but not feed intake during the whole experimental period. Broiler growth decreased linearly and quadratically with increasing stachyose content. No differences were detected between diets supplemented with 12.0 g/kg stachyose and SBM. 4. Nutrient digestibility tended to decrease but not significantly with increasing stachyose. 5. Stachyose content had no significant positive effects on caecal pH, microflora population and the resulting short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites during the 42 d experiment, with only butyrate differing significantly in the initial period.     

Mechanism of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock in rats

AIM: To observe the mechanisms of RhoA on vascular reactivity following hemorrhagic shock (HS) in rats. METHODS: The superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in rats subjected to hemorrhagic shock was adopted to assay the vascular reactivity via observing the contraction initiated by norepinephrine (NE) with isolated organ perfusion system. Meanwhile, the effects of Rho kinase, myosin light chain phosphatase (MLCP), myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) on RhoA regulating vascular reactivity were observed. The effects of RhoA agonist U-46619 and inhibitor C3 enzyme on the activities of Rho kianse, MLCP, MLCK and phosphorylation of MLC20 in the vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with hypoxia were also measured. RESULTS: As compared to control group, the cumulative dose-response curves of SMA to NE at 2 h after shock shifted to the right, the maximal contractions (Emax) of NE was significantly decreased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the vascular reactivity in the late period of shock. C3 enzyme abolished U-46619 induced the increase in the contractile response of SMA to NE. Rho kinase inhibitor Y-27632 decreased U-46619-induced the increase in the vascular reactivity, MLCP inhibitor calyculin further promoted the increase in the vascular reactivity. However, MLCK inhibitor had no effect on the U-46619-induced change of vascular reactivity. After hypoxia, the activities of Rho kinase and MLCK, and the level of MLC20 phosphorylation were decreased, MLCP activity was increased. RhoA agonist U-46619 increased the activity of Rho kinase and phosphorylation of MLC20, decreased the activity of MLCP, but had no effects on MLCK activity. CONCLUSION: RhoA plays an important role in the regulation of vascular reactivity following shock. The mechanism is closely related to regulating the activities of Rho kinase and MLCP, and increasing the phosphorylation of MLC20 in VSMC.     

当前我国兽医工作进展情况及今后工作设想

当前兽医工作进展情况 1兽医管理体制改革深入推进（1）中央级兽医机构改革完成2004年7月14日,农业部成立兽医局,并设立国家首席兽医师（官）,组建了中国动物疫病预防控制中心、中国动物卫生与流行病学中心以及北京、上海、兰州、哈尔滨四个分中心,在中国兽医药品监察所设立农业部兽药评审中心。     

论新时期科技期刊青年编辑人才的创新素质

高素质的青年编辑人才是科技期刊发展的关键力量,其中创新素质起着举足轻重的作用。青年编辑在成长过程中,应该以正确理解科技期刊中的创新性和科技期刊编辑的刨新素质为前提,不断提高人文修养、注重知识的广度和深度、加强自身专业修养、加强主观能动性,从而达到提高创新素质的目的。     

锡林郭勒盟草原莱姆病疫源地调查

本项研究于2000年5月—2001年5月从内蒙古锡林郭勒盟地区，不同草原景现带牛、羊体表和草地采集草原血蝉1800只，用直接荧光抗体法检查蜱带菌情况，带菌率为7.5%(6/80)。晴视野显微镜检查蜱带菌情况，带菌率为2%（2/100）；用间接荧光法进行血清流行病学调查，结果证实，调查点的牛和野鼠均存在莱姆病螺旋体感染，其感染率分别为10%和20%，都高于当地人群平均感染率（7.09%)，上述研究证实内蒙古锡林郭勒盟地区人畜及野生动物均有莱姆病螺旋体感染。     

两个海大香肉鸡品系屠宰性能与肉质性状的比较

以在相同条件下饲养的72日龄海大香Ⅱ号鸡、海大香特Ⅱ号鸡为研究对象,测定其屠宰性能及部分肉质指标.结果表明:两品系产肉性能均良好,Ⅱ号鸡和特Ⅱ号鸡的屠宰率平均为90.99%及89.72%,全净膛率平均为69.90%及67.78%;无论在两品系间还是性别间,肌间脂宽、皮下脂厚、腹脂率以及胸腿肌含脂率等各项脂肪指标皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);特Ⅱ号鸡(慢速生长)的脂肪沉积能力要比Ⅱ号鸡(中速生长)高;两品系的胸腿肌肉含脂率均表现为母鸡比公鸡高的趋势;无论在两品系间还是性别间,胸腿肌失水率及蒸煮损失率皆差异不显著(P＞0.05);同一样本中,胸肌失水率大于腿肌,腿肌的蒸煮损失率大于胸肌.     

AAHA senior care guidelines for dogs and cats

This paper provides a working framework for enhancing the well-being of senior pet dogs and cats. Approaches to screening the medical status of senior pets are described in detail, with particular emphasis on establishing baseline data in healthy animals, the testing of clinically ill animals, and assessing senior pets prior to anesthesia and surgery. The management of pain and distress and the application of hospice and palliative care are addressed. Advice on ways to approach euthanasia and dealing with end-of-life issues is also provided.