-蒎烯合成2-羟基-3-蒎酮的研究

研究了高锰酸钾氧化α-蒎烯合成2-羟基-3-蒎酮的工艺条件,对助溶剂等影响因素进行了探讨,较优工艺条件为:以叔丁醇为助溶剂,不改变pH值,温度0-5℃,KMnO4与α-蒎烯的物质的量比为1.7:1～1.8:1,先加α-蒎烯后加KMnO4.所得2-羟基-3-蒎酮采用IR、MS、1H NMR、3C NMR进行了表征,产率达60%,与文献相同,助溶剂改用叔丁醇后回收率＞90%,高于原用助溶剂丙酮(回收率70%).     

Expression of natural killer cell stimulatory receptor NKG2D and its ligand MICA in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau

AIM: To investigate the expression of natural killer cell stimulation receptor D(NKG2D) in peripheral blood and the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A(MICA) on the gastric carcinoma tissue and the neighboring non-cancerous tissue in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau. METHODS: Samples of 33 patients and 20 healthy persons were collected to detect NKG2D in peripheral blood by Flow cytometry analysis. The expressions of MICA in part of the correspondent tissues were examined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: The expression of NKG2D in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer group (13.47 ±5.26)% was significantly lower than that in healthy groups (32.62±10.08)%. The mRNA level of MICA in gastric cancer was significantly higher than that in neighboring non-cancerous tissue (P<0.05). The expressions of MICA proteins showed a significant difference between the neighboring non-cancerous tissue (21.21%, 7/33) and the gastric carcinoma tissue (78.79%, 26/33), between the high differentiation (60.00%, 3/5) and the moderate (72.73%, 8/11), low differentiation (88.24%, 15/17). The expressions of MICA were not correlated with tumor size, sex, age, lymph node metastasis of the patients (P>0.05). Spearman rank correlation displayed that the expressions of MICA mRNA were positively correlated with the MICA protein level (r=0.903, P<0.01).CONCLUSION: The immune escape in Tibetan patients with gastric cancer at Qinghai plateau probably relates to the down-regulation of NKG2D and the up-regulation of its ligand MICA. The activity of NK cells and the anti-cancer cellular immunity level are descending in the plateau of Tibetan patients with gastric cancer. The decrease in the receptor NKG2D is a reason for the activity of NK cell descending.     

接种茄病镰刀菌(Fusarium solani f.sp.glycines)对不同基因型大豆植株和须根的影响

摘要：茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani f．sp．glydne）是一种土生细菌,通过侵染大豆根系引发猝死综合症。利用温室盆栽试验和须根培养试验研究了接种茄孢镰刀菌对13个不同基因型大豆的影响。结果表明：接种后所有盆栽大豆主根都有明显深褐色的侵染病斑;移植后21d测定了盆栽植株叶部发病程度,Peking表现最为严重,然后依次为Spencer,Ripley,P3981,Williams82,Essex,Forrest,Iroquois,PI520733,Hartwig,PI567650B,Jack,和PI567374。叶部发病程度与冠高（r=-0．422,P=0．0018）、冠重（r=-0．857,P〈0．0001）和根重（r=-0．732,P〈0．0001）呈显著负相关。主根病斑长度与叶部发病程度没有相关性,表明大豆对病原菌的抗性不能仅通过根系得到充分控制。对培养的大豆须根接种茄病镰刀菌菌丝体10d后,不同基因型大豆的菌落直径的变化范围为17—40mm,差异显著（P=0．05）,其中Spencer和Peking须根上的菌落直径显著（P=0．05）大于PI567374和PI520733。对Spencer和PI567374的须根接种10灿茄病镰刀菌常量成分悬浮液,10d后菌落直径分别为50和38mm,差异显著（P=0．05）。通常,不同基因型大豆间茄病镰刀菌在培养须根上的生长与整株的症状间有一定的相关性,但不总是这样,这是因为即使根系对毒素产生抗性来减少叶部病害症状,但并不是所有的大豆都表现出明显的根系抗性。     

Characterization of the DNA nucleotide sequences in the genome of red sea bream iridoviruses isolated in Korea

The nucleotide sequences of DNA fragments amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from four different genomic regions of nine red sea bream iridoviruses (RSIVs) isolated from different species of fish, different areas and in different years in Korea were compared with the reported reference sequences. One isolate, RSIV Namhae, showed 100% homology to the reference sequences, while the other eight isolates, which appeared to contain identical nucleotide sequences, showed 96.6–98.9% homology with reference sequences depending upon the target regions of PCR gene amplification. However, differences in nucleotide sequences were not apparent between the RSIVs isolated in different locations, in different years or in different host species. We also cloned and sequenced the 3′ end flanking region (K1) of the DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene using the cassette ligation-mediated PCR method. This sequence was 4436-bp long and possessed two open reading frames (ORF-1 and ORF-2) oriented in opposite directions. The putative proteins encoded by these two ORFs could not be characterized by comparison with the proteins of other species in the data banks. The presence of the ribonucleotide reductase small subunit (RNRS) gene at the 3′ end of the K1 region allowed us to determine that these two genes, RNRS and DPOL, are separated 5508 bp and oriented in the same direction in the genome of RSIV. Moreover, it is of interest that a PstI-restriction fragment, of which the sequence but not the location within the RSIV genome had previously been reported, is located at nucleotide positions from 1096 to 2054, extending from within the ORF-1 region, spanning the intervening sequence between ORF-1 and ORF-2, and extending into the ORF-2 region. Various repeating sequences up to 86 bp were present at the 3′ ends of ORFs, especially within the nucleotide sequences at the 3′ terminus of ORF-2. No similarities were detected when the DNA sequences of the K1 region were compared to the DNA sequences of a repetitive element in the genome of other iridoviruses.     

Pine wilt disease: a short review of worldwide research

This article summarizes the results of the research papers presented at the International Symposium on pine wilt disease (IUFRO Working Party Meeting 4.04.03) held in July 2009, at Nanjing, China. The general topics covered were on pine wilt disease (PWD), its causal organism, the pinewood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, plus other PWN-associated microorganisms that play a significant role in PWD such as bacteria (e.g. Pseudomonas fluorescens). Most of the papers that are reviewed are based on work on PWD-PWN in East Asia and Russia. Specific topics covered include: 1) the fundamental conceptions of PWD development, 2) pathogenicity, 3) host-parasite relationships including the histopathology of diseased conifers and the role of toxins from bacteria-nematode ecto-symbionts, 4) PWN life cycle and transmission, 5) B. xylophilus dissemination models, 6) associations (with other nematodes), 7) diagnostics, 8) quarantine and control of the PWN and 9) biocontrol of the PWN.     

Blight of conifer seedlings caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides

In a growth chamber experiment, 70-day-old seedlings of 10 conifer species were inoculated with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides conidia to determine the host range of the fungus. Based on the percentage of seedlings affected and the disease severity on individual seedlings, the order of most to least susceptibility was: western hemlock (WH), mountain hemlock, western larch, Sitka spruce, Engelmann spruce, Douglas-fir (coastal form, then interior form), white spruce and ponderosa pine; lodgepole pine and western red cedar remained unaffected. Inoculation of WH needles showed that within 24 h C. gloeosporioides conidia germinate and appressoria (penetration structures) form. A growth chamber study demonstrated that the pathogen can infect WH at needle wetness periods as short as 15 min; number of needles affected was higher at 0.5 h, but did not increase further even when wetness was extended up to 8 h. The results are discussed in relation to blight management of greenhouse-grown conifer seedlings.Portion of a Bachelor of Science (Honors) thesis, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia.     

辐解产物2-十二烷基环丁酮的测定方法

 【目的】建立1种含脂辐照食品中特异性辐解产物2－十二烷基环丁酮的萃取分离以及定量分析的新方法。【方法】采用硅胶层析柱萃取分离、气相色谱－质谱联用检测,对淋洗剂浓度、硅胶活化程度、收集时间及气相色谱-质谱条件等技术参数进行优化。【结果】该方法对2－十二烷基环丁酮标准品的最低检出限为0.005 mg?L-1,0.1～2.0 mg?L-1的添加回收率为75.9%～103.9%,相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5.7%。【结论】与欧盟标准方法EN1785进行比较,硅胶柱分离法具有成本低、提取效率高、重现性好、检出限低、承载样品量大等优点。     

Safety and efficacy of a technique for thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection in horses

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection in horses. ANIMALS: 10 horses (5 control horses and 5 horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction [ie, heaves]). PROCEDURE: Each horse underwent a thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection. Before, during, and after surgery, heart rate, respiratory rate, arterial blood gases, and systemic and pulmonary arterial pressures were measured. Physical examination, CBC, and thoracic radiography and ultrasonography were performed 24 hours before and 2 and 48 hours after surgery. Pulmonary specimens were assessed by histologic examination. A second thoracoscopic procedure 14 days later was used to evaluate the resection site. RESULTS: The technique provided excellent specimens for histologic evaluation of the lung. Heart and respiratory rates decreased significantly after horses were administered sedatives. A significant transient decrease in Pao2 was detected immediately after pulmonary wedge resection, but we did not detect significant effects on arterial pH, Paco2, or mean arterial and pulmonary arterial pressures. All horses except 1 were clinically normal after thoracoscopic surgery; that horse developed hemothorax attributable to iatrogenic injury to the diaphragm. The second thoracoscopy revealed minimal inflammation, and there were no adhesions. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Thoracoscopically guided pulmonary wedge resection provides a minimally invasive method for use in obtaining specimens of lung tissues from healthy horses and those with lung disease. This technique may be useful for the diagnosis of diseases of the lungs and thoracic cavity.