Evaluation of Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Legume Intercropping Under 1:1 and 2:1 Row-replacement Series System

A field experiment was conducted during the winter season of 1992–93 and 1993–94 at Agricultural Experimental Farm, Giridih, Bihar to evaluate the intercropping systems of legumes, gram ( Cicer arietinum L.), pea ( Pisum sativum ) and lentil ( Lens culinaris ) with wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) in 1:1 and 2:1 'row replacement series'. Intercropping systems were assessed on the basis of new indices termed as actual yield loss (AYL) and intercropping advantage (IA). This paper highlights the comparative effectiveness of evaluating the intercropping systems through the existing intercropping indices like LER, RCC, aggressivity. The indices AYL and IA seem to be more appropriate particularly when per plant yield is considered. Intercropping reduced the yield of component crops compared with respective pure stands. Wheat + pea in 1:1 row replacement series gave the highest wheat yield equivalent value (3.02 t ha⁻¹) followed by wheat + lentil (2.91 tha⁻¹). When the actual sown proportion was considered wheat + lentil (1:1) resulted in maximum AYL (+0.610) and IA (+0.279) values. This treatment also gave the maximum monetary advantage (Rs 5985.45 ha⁻¹).     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

绿鳍马面鲀雌雄性腺转录组比较分析

为探明绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus septentrionalis)性腺发育相关基因表达特征,优化亲本生殖调控技术,本研究对绿鳍马面鲀雌雄亲体的精巢和卵巢进行了转录组测序分析,经de novo拼装,最终获得119 219个单基因(unigene),N50长度为1 255 bp。在NR、NT、KO、SwissProt、PFAM、GO及KOG数据库分别注释到24 009、35 057、18 453、26 971、30 294、11 420和21 613个unigene。绿鳍马面鲀精巢和卵巢转录组中存在18 954个差异表达基因(DEG),相对于精巢,在卵巢中上调表达的基因有11 265个,下调表达的有7 689个。选取bmp2、sox3、figla、hsd17b1、cyp19a、cyp17、foxl2、star和amh 9个DEGs进行实时荧光定量PCR (qRT-PCR)验证,结果显示,qRT-PCR结果与RNA-Seq分析相一致。GO和KEGG富集结果分析发现,amh、cyp17和star可能在绿鳍马面鲀雄性精子发生过程中起关键作用;bmp2、foxl2、cyp19a、figla和hsd17b1在雌性卵子发生和卵巢类固醇生成过程中发挥重要作用。本研究通过比较绿鳍马面鲀精巢和卵巢的转录组表达差异,初步阐明了精巢和卵巢的基因表达特征,为进一步研究绿鳍马面鲀的性腺发育机制奠定了基础。     

灰色关联度多维综合评估在结球甘蓝品种评定中的应用

为了筛选出优质、高产、早熟、圆球形甘蓝新品种,采用灰色关联度多维分析法对10个早熟圆球型结球甘蓝品种的生育期、病情指数、球心指数、结球紧实度、中心柱长、单球质量、品质、商品产量等生物、经济性状进行综合评价.结果表明:应用灰色关联度多维综合评估结球甘蓝品种是完全可行的,能够较好兼顾品质、抗病性、商品性;中甘591、W G...     

丛枝菌根真菌在不同基质中对枳苗生长及氮磷吸收的影响

为筛选出适合枳砧木苗生长的菌根菌种类及基质组合,促进丛枝菌根(arbuscular mycorrhizal,AM)真菌在柑桔砧木容器苗生产中的高效应用,选取腐叶土、麦糠和菌渣为主要基质,分别与园土和河沙按体积比2∶1∶1配成混合栽培基质,以摩西球囊霉Glomus mosseae、地表球囊霉G.versiforme、地球囊霉G.geosporum和透光球囊霉G.diaphanum为供试菌种,采用容器育苗方法,研究了4种丛枝菌根真菌及其组合处理在3种基质下对枳苗生长及其氮、磷吸收的影响。结果表明,自然接种菌根侵染率不超过40%,人工接种侵染率可高达80%;枳苗以地表球囊霉接种和腐叶土或麦糠组合的侵染率最高,分别为80.7%和78.7%;以地表球囊霉接种和麦糠组合促进生长的效果最显著,菌根依赖性达到342.4%,生物量比对照高出278%,该组合促进植株氮、磷吸收的效果也最显著,其吸氮总量比对照高482.0%,吸磷总量比对照高553.8%。适合枳容器苗生长的最佳AM真菌和基质组合是地表球囊霉+麦糠混合基质。     

夏闲期种植不同绿肥作物对土壤养分及冬小麦产量的影响

为探明种植绿肥作物对关中土壤肥力及冬小麦产量的影响效果,在夏闲期种植光叶苕子（Vicia villosa Rothvar）、毛叶苕子（Vicia villosa Roth）、紫云英（Astragalus sinicus）和草木樨（Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb.）等四种绿肥作物,以免耕休闲为对照,分析了冬小麦主要生育时期的土壤速效养分动态变化及其产量效应。结果表明,夏闲期种植绿肥的土壤速效磷、速效钾和碱解氮都有不同程度的提高,增加量主要受绿肥的养分含量以及生物量影响。与对照相比,种植并翻压光叶苕子、毛叶苕子、紫云英和草木樨,均可显著提高冬小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数和千粒重,冬小麦依次增产21.1%（P＜0.05）、24.3%（P＜0.05）、6.0%和11.6%。     

刚察县伊克乌兰乡牦牛皮蝇蛆感染情况调查

采用剖检法与触摸法,在10、11月份剖检,翌年3、5月份临床检查未使用消毒剂防控的牦牛皮蝇幼虫感染情况.结果剖检牦牛皮蝇一期幼虫平均感染率为61.54％,平均感染强度34.13条.翌年3、5月份触摸检查牦牛背部皮下皮蝇幼虫寄生形成的瘤疱和成熟第三期幼虫脱落形成的皮肤虫孔,3年的平均感染率61.04％,平均感染强度4.9...     

家蚕亲环蛋白A基因(BmCyPA)的克隆与表达分析

亲环蛋白(CyP)能与免疫抑制剂环孢霉素A(CsA)结合而作为CsA的胞内受体。在已构建的家蚕蛹cDNA文库中获得了家蚕亲环蛋白A(BmCyPA)基因的cDNA序列。利用生物信息学方法对此序列的开放阅读框(ORF)和序列同源性等进行分析,并以家蚕蛹总RNA反转录的cDNA为材料克隆了BmCyPA,通过原核表达目的蛋白后,将纯化的BmCyPA融合蛋白免疫新西兰兔得到抗血清,Western blotting检测目的蛋白在蚕体中得到表达。利用荧光定量PCR方法检测家蚕5龄幼虫各组织中BmCyPA mRNA的转录水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、丝腺、中肠、马氏管、表皮、头部、气门、卵巢;Western blotting检测BmCyPA在5龄幼虫各组织中的表达水平,由高到低依次为脂肪体、气门、表皮、马氏管、中肠、丝腺、头部和卵巢。亚细胞定位显示Bm-CyPA在细胞质与细胞核中均有分布。推测BmCyPA与家蚕的生长发育以及促进蛋白质折叠和介导免疫应答等有密切联系。