鲁山县集雨工程建设的做法与经验

鲁山县为了解决丘陵区干旱缺水问题,在田间地头大量建设集雨工程,拦蓄地表径流,涝时蓄水,旱时灌溉,有效地解决了丘陵区的水源问题。介绍了主要做法和经验。     

Synergism in fungicide mixtures againstPseudoperonospora Cubensis

Mixtures of cymoxanil with mancozeb (Mancur) or with mancozeb plus oxadixyl (Pulsan, Sandocur-M) were effective in controlling either metalaxyl-sensitive (MS) or -resistant (MR) isolates ofPseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumbers (cv. ‘Elem’) in growth chambers. Metalaxyl+mancozeb (Ridomil-MZ) and oxadixyl+mancozeb (SAN-518) mixtures were effective against the metalaxyl-sensitive but less so against the metalaxyl-resistant isolate. Fungicide mixtures were far more effective in controlling either the sensitive or the resistant isolates than were the individual components applied alone, thereby representing significant levels of synergistic interactions. Increased efficacy of mixtures relative to their combined components (synergy factor) was calculated by the Wadley method. Mixtures containing cymoxanil showed high synergy factors against the resistant isolate, whereas Ridomil-MZ and SAN-518 did not evince this phenomenon. We concluded that cymoxanil mixtures might be suitable for the control of downy mildew incited by a metalaxyl-resistant isolate ofP. cubensis.     

江苏省果树生产现状及发展对策

通过调查江苏省果树生产现状,阐述了江苏省果树发展存在的主要问题,提出了提高江苏省果树种类多样性、调整优化果树品种结构、加大扶持力度、争创品牌等促进江苏省果树生产健康、快速、高效发展的战略对策。     

巴里坤县奎苏镇农户参与土地流转合作社的意愿调查分析

以巴里坤县奎苏镇为研究区域,通过实地问卷调查分析了土地流转合作社的运行情况和农户参与意愿,结果表明,土地流转到专业合作社的农户参与程度不高,但参与意愿比较高;务农兼经商农户相较于纯农户,有更大可能性参与农民专业合作社;多数农民还是依赖土地耕种生活,农户在将土地进行流转时对自身利益保护意识较强;农户未参与合作社的原因主要包括对入社程序了解较少以及附近没有合作社;参与合作社后家庭年收入明显增高。     

miRNA对畜禽脂肪沉积的影响及在遗传育种中的应用

畜禽基因与其性状的关联研究较为广泛,具有编码效应的DNA和RNA对性状有重要影响,非编码RNA中的miRNA可以通过影响mRNA的翻译而对畜禽的性状产生特定影响。总结了miRNA在畜禽脂肪代谢中的研究进展,以期为今后进一步研究畜禽脂肪组织中miRNA的表达和功能提供参考。     

Goat horns: Platforms for viroid transmission to fruit trees?

Mechanical inoculations with contaminating tools and propagation of infected budwood were considered the main causes for the omnipresence of multiple viroid species among citrus and other Middle Eastern and Mediterranean fruit trees and grapevines. However, neither means could explain viroid infections of wild trees — scattered on terrains inaccessible to humans — nor the finding of similar viroids among graft-incompatible plants. Northern hybridization of RNA extracts made of scrapings from the surfaces of goat (Capra hircus) horns that were rubbed against etrog (Citrus medica) stems infected with a citrus viroids complex, revealed accumulation of considerable amounts ofCitrus exocortis viroids (CEVd) andHop stunt viroids (HSVd). Experimental transmission of both CEVd and HSVd was obtained by rubbing healthy citrus plants with goat horns that had been rubbed 24 h earlier on infected etrog stems. These results implicate goats as possible vectors of viroids. Transmissionvia goats could have facilitated the long-range spread of viroids among cultivated and wild plants andvice versa and also among graft-incompatible plants.     

棉铃虫性信息素生物合成研究进展

性信息素是昆虫两性通讯的化学信号, 在物种繁衍中担当着重要的角色。以性信息素为基础的害虫诱杀和交配干扰等防治手段具有灵敏度高、选择性强、对天敌安全、不污染环境等优点, 在害虫综合治理和绿色防控体系应用中深受青睐。棉铃虫 Helicoverpa armigera 是一种世界性农业害虫, 具有适应能力强和寄主广泛的特点, 条件适宜时常大面积暴发成灾。以棉铃虫为代表的醛类性信息素的生物合成和调控过程, 是目前研究较早也较为透彻的一类性信息素。本研究概述了棉铃虫性信息素的组分和功能, 生物合成时的信号转导途径和调控机制, 以及性信息素前体的生成和特异性组分的碳链修饰过程, 并总结了当前研究的不足, 旨在为今后的基础研究和生产应用提供指导。     

甜玉米蔬菜间套复种模式产值效益研究

为进一步提高蔬菜作物间套复种的经济效益,采用田间小区试验,研究甜玉米与蔬菜间套复种的8种种植模式的产值效益。结果表明：甜玉米与不同蔬菜间套作的总产量和总产值均高于蔬菜单作;其中,2004年2∶4带型处理年总产值最高,平均比单作增加49.1%;2005年夏播模式2行甜玉米‖4行甘蓝/4行莴笋（2∶4带型）的经济效益均高于其它处理,其作物总产值达到67 377 元·hm^-2,比当季蔬菜单作增加96%;2005年甜玉米间作蔬菜（2∶4带型）的秋播模式2行萝卜‖11行大蒜/2行莴笋模式总产值达64 667 元·hm^-2,比蔬菜单作增加161%,其年总产值比蔬菜单作平均增加299.5%。说明甜玉米与不同蔬菜间套作有利于提高农作物的经济效益,而2∶4带型的 种植模式可在蔬菜农业生产中推广应用。