蛋鸡血浆VLDL浓度二世代双向选择对体脂沉积的影响

以雅发褐壳蛋鸡为素材,在零世代和一世代双向选择的基础上,应用血浆极低密度脂蛋白(VLDL)浓度对体腹脂性状继续进行双向选择,比较了高低脂系间体组成的差异,并研究了中后期血浆VLDL浓度与上述性状的相关程度,进一步探讨了血浆VLDL浓度的选择效应。结果表明:二世代母鸡中后期高脂系体重较高(P<0.05),血浆VLDL浓度与体重呈极显著的表型相关(P<0.01)和中等程度的正遗传相关。62周龄高脂系的腹脂率显著高于低脂系(P<0.05),说明运用血浆VLDL浓度经过二个世代的双向选择,使产蛋鸡中后期体重降低,且对腹脂沉积产生了一定的影响。     

Can treatment of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Brachiaria decumbens</Emphasis> (signal grass) improve its utilisation in the diet in small ruminants?—a review

Brachiaria decumbens is an extremely productive tropical grass due to its aggressive growth habit and its adaptation to a varied range of soil types and environments. As a result of the vast availability, treated B. decumbens demonstrates as a promising local material that could be utilised as an improved diet for sheep and goats. Despite the fact that the grass significantly increases weight gains in grazing farm animals, there were many reports of general ill-thrift and sporadic outbreaks of photosensitivity in livestock due to the toxic compound of steroidal saponin found in B. decumbens. Ensiling and haymaking were found to be effective in removing toxin and undesirable compounds in the grass. Biological treatments using urea, activated charcoal, polyethylene glycol, and effective microorganisms were found to be useful in anti-nutritional factor deactivation and improving the nutritive values of feedstuffs. Besides, oral administration of phenobarbitone showed some degree of protection in sheep that fed on B. decumbens pasture. In this review, we aim to determine the effect of B. decumbens toxicity and possible treatment methods on the grass to be used as an improved diet for small ruminant.     

Genomic characterization of the first oral avian papillomavirus in a colony of breeding canaries (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Serinus canaria</Emphasis>)

Papillomaviruses are non-enveloped, DNA viruses that infect skin and mucosa of a wide variety of vertebrates, causing neoplasias or simply persisting asymptomatically. Avian papillomaviruses, with six fully sequenced genomes, are the second most studied group after mammalian papillomaviruses. In this study, we describe the first oral avian papillomavirus, detected in the tongue of a dead Yorkshire canary (Serinus canaria) and in oral swabs of the same bird and other two live canaries from an aviary in Madrid, Spain. Its genome is 8,071 bp and presents the canonical papillomavirus architecture with six early (E6, E7, E1, E9, E2, E4) and two late open reading frames (L1 and L2) and a long control region between L1 and E6. This new avian papillomavirus L1 gene shares a 64% pairwise identity with FcPV1 L1, so it has been classified as a new species (ScPV1) within the Ethapapillomavirus genus. Although the canary died after showing breathing problems, there is no evidence that the papillomavirus caused those symptoms so it could be part of the oral microbiota of the birds. Hence, future investigations are needed to evaluate the clinical relevance of the virus.     

在变温环境下意大利蝗自然种群生命表

意大利蝗Calliptamus italicus是荒漠、半荒漠草原常年为害优势种,在新疆维吾尔自治区(简称新疆)北疆地区、中亚和俄罗斯南部均有成灾记录.意大利蝗蝗蝻和成虫常聚集和迁飞为害.生命表是害虫综合防治的重要依据,只有在室内和室外(变温)研究害虫生命表,才能明确害虫种群的潜在生物学特性以及生物或非生物因素的影响(...     

配筋混凝土砌块高层设计时应注意的几个问题

针对配筋混凝土砌块高层设计,提出砌块空腔墙的应用,注意合理设置水平配筋,配筋砌块深梁,控制底框房屋层间抗侧刚度比及高层墙体的裂缝问题.     

中国粮食仓储行业淘汰甲基溴行动

为切实履行我国政府对国际社会<关于消耗臭氧层物质的蒙特利尔议定书>的<哥本哈根修正案>所作出的承诺,中国粮食仓储行业在保障我国粮食安全储备的前提下,在"淘汰甲基溴,保护臭氧层"方面采取了一系列行动(包括调研、确定替代技术、培训、制定规程、建设示范库、研究替代技术等),以达到替代甲基溴的目的.淘汰甲基溴的实际行动,研究新的淘汰甲基溴替代技术,对增强人们保护臭氧层的意识,推广和应用替代技术和确保人类共同家园的可持续发展都具有重要的意义.     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

卵形异绒螨空间分布型及二阶抽样技术研究

卵形异绒螨是我国北方地区梨树蚜虫的一种外寄生性天敌。通过2005年5月调查,得出卵形异绒螨在梨树间和梨树内都属于聚集分布。计算了卵形异绒螨二阶抽样的理论抽样数,进行了卵形异绒螨二阶抽样的序贯分析。     

滴头流道中颗粒物质运移动态分析与CFD模拟

采用CFD模拟技术,对迷宫式滴头流道内不同质量浓度的悬浮颗粒运动情况进行数字化模拟计算,并采用两相流动力学理论对迷宫式滴头结构尺度下的悬浮颗粒的随流性进行了分析,研究结果表明,采用DPM模型对悬浮颗粒分布特点的模拟结果与已有试验数据吻合度较高,可以作为模拟的手段;水流中颗粒质量浓度对滴头内部流场有着较强的反作用,应在模拟过程中予以重视;根据Stokes数的计算结果,10%左右的颗粒随流性差,可以认为导致滴头堵塞的物质主要来自于这一部分颗粒。     

车用永磁式缓速器设计中漏磁影响因素分析

以优化设计和减少漏磁为目标,运用磁路分析法建立永磁式缓速器的漏磁场模型,得到设计参数的解析式。由于参数之间的复杂函数关系,采用区间数学算法来优化永磁式缓速器的设计参数,将影响漏磁系数的非线性方程组化简为线性方程组。选取满足设计要求的目标参数——转子鼓磁感应强度Bm、气隙磁感应强度Bg,ave、漏磁系数K的最佳取值区间。使用区间迭代法,求出自变量参数的取值区间和权数pi。运用Matlab语言编程直接搜索合理的设计参数,减少了计算量和循环次数。三维有限元漏磁分析和试验均证明了设计参数选取的合理性。结果表明：永磁体高度HPM、气隙ge对漏磁系数K影响较大;区间数学Tschernikow算法在永磁式缓速器设计中是有效的。