Magnetic removal techniques using functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as adsorbents have been frequently tested for use in the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution, but seldom in farmland soil. Here, a novel magnetic microparticle solid chelator (MSC) was employed as the adsorbent for magnetic removal and/or immobilization of Cd and Zn in a paddy soil (PS), an upland soil (US), and a paddy–upland rotation soil (RS) with different degrees of pollution.
Materials and methods
MSC was applied to 14 kg air-dried soil samples (PS, US, and RS) at the dosage of 1% (w/w), and then watered, and intermittently stirred. Finally, the MSC–metal complexes were retrieved using a magnetic device (MCR treatment) or not (MC treatment), and the removal efficiency of soil Cd and Zn in MCR treatment was evaluated. After magnetic separation of MSC–metal complexes, pot experiments were performed to investigate the impacts of the magnetic remediation process on rice growth, the phytoavailability of soil Cd and Zn, and the accumulation of Cd and Zn in rice plants.
Results and discussion
The MCR treatment exhibited recovery rates of 55.4%, 49.6%, and 19.0% for MSC–metal complexes in PS, US, and RS, respectively, which brought about removal efficiencies of 2.2–12.2% for Cd and 1.9–4.6% for Zn. The MC and MCR treatments substantially decreased the availability of soil Cd, but not soil Zn; this effect was more remarkable when using CaCl2 instead of DTPA as the extractant for determination of bioavailable metals. Furthermore, the CaCl2-extractable Cd and Zn had a more significant relationship with Cd and Zn concentrations in rice roots. The MC and MCR treatments led to dramatic reductions in rice grain Cd of 23.9–72.1% and 37.3–63.9%, respectively, in the three soils relative to the respective controls. The MC and MCR treatments also exhibited an inhibitory effects on rice grain Zn accumulation in US (10.6% and 4.3% decreases, respectively) and RS (9.3% and 19.5% decreases, respectively), but not in PS. Moreover, the grain yield was unaffected under the MCR treatment in the three soils, and significantly increased by 29.8% under the MC treatment in US.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that MSC-based magnetic remediation technique can effectively immobilize and/or remove Cd and Zn in farmland soils, decreasing their uptake by rice plants, with no adverse effects on grain yield.
针对日光温室被动采光蓄热的特点,该文在2014年1-2月期间,针对西安地区-6~10℃冬季气温条件下,开展了太阳能蓄热联合空气源热泵温室加热试验研究,通过对比太阳能蓄热联合空气源热泵系统改善温室内的空气温度、湿度及土壤温度等环境因素,分析评价太阳能联合空气源热泵系统在日光温室冬季应用的性能,结果表明:太阳能蓄热联合空气源热泵加热系统不仅明显提高了温室内的空气温度和土壤温度,也有效降低了温室内的湿度;在试验天气条件下,热泵单独供热时,系统的性能系数COP(coefficient of performance)在2.09~2.45之间;太阳能联合空气源热泵供热时,系统的COP在3.45~5.56之间;相比于其他天气工况,晴天条件下,太阳能蓄热供热时间较长,热泵补充供热时间缩短,系统的COP较高;采用地暖联合风机盘管作为末端供热方式,能够维持较高的室内气温和土壤温度,降低室内相对湿度。该文为今后进一步简化温室结构和降低建设成本,实现日光温室主动采光蓄热,奠定前期研究基础。 相似文献