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1.
Streptococcus suis infections in humans: the Chinese experience and the situation in North America 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Gottschalk M Segura M Xu J 《Animal health research reviews / Conference of Research Workers in Animal Diseases》2007,8(1):29-45
Infections caused by Streptococcus suis are considered a global problem in the swine industry. In this animal species, S. suis is associated with septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis, arthritis and, occasionally, other infections. Moreover, it is an agent of zoonosis that afflicts people in close contact with infected pigs or pork-derived products. Although sporadic cases of S. suis infection in humans have been reported, a large outbreak due to S. suis serotype 2 emerged in the summer of 2005 in Sichuan, China. A similar outbreak was observed in another Chinese province in 1998. Symptoms reported in these two outbreaks include high fever, malaise, nausea and vomiting, followed by nervous symptoms, subcutaneous hemorrhage, septic shock and coma in severe cases. The increased severity of S. suis infections in humans, such as a shorter incubation time, more rapid disease progression and higher rate of mortality, underscores the critical need to better understand the factors associated with pathogenesis of S. suis infection. From the 35 capsular serotypes currently known, serotype 2 is considered the most virulent and frequently isolated in both swine and humans. Here, we review the epidemiological, clinical and immunopathological features of S. suis infection in humans. 相似文献
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Marta Borobia Marcelo De las Heras Javier Godino Luis M. Ferrer Delia Lacasta Araceli Loste Juan J. Ramos Aurora Ortín 《Journal of veterinary diagnostic investigation》2022,34(1):112
Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) causes ovine pulmonary adenocarcinoma. JSRV can be transmitted via infected colostrum or milk, which contain somatic cells (SCs) harboring JSRV provirus. Nevertheless, the cell types involved in this form of transmission and the involvement of the mammary gland remain unknown. We separated adherent cells (macrophages and monocytes) by plastic adherence, and lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and B cells) by flow cytometry, from SCs in milk samples from 12 naturally infected, PCR blood test JSRV–positive, subclinical ewes. These cell populations were tested by PCR to detect JSRV provirus. The ewes were euthanized, and mammary gland samples were analyzed immunohistochemically to detect JSRV surface protein. We did not detect JSRV provirus in any milk lymphocyte population, but milk adherent cells were positive in 3 of 12 sheep, suggesting a potential major role of this population in the lactogenic transmission of JSRV. Immunohistochemistry did not reveal positive results in mammary epithelial cells, pointing to a lack of participation of the mammary gland in the biological cycle of JSRV and reducing the probability of excretion of free viral particles in colostrum or milk. 相似文献
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Fabrício Alves Oliveira Derly José Henriques da Silva Germano Leão Demolin Leite Gulab Newandram Jham Marcelo Picanço 《Scientia Horticulturae》2009
The aim of this study was to evaluate resistance to Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) by antixenosis on 57 Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. accessions from the Horticultural Germplasm Bank (HGB) of Universidade Federal de Viçosa and by the three commercial cultivars (Santa Clara, Moneymaker and TOM-601) under greenhouse conditions. A randomized complete block design was used with three replications. Infestations with T. absoluta adults were performed weekly and the following characteristics were evaluated: number of small, large and total mines/leaf and % of leaves mined at days 60, 75 and 90 after planting. Low infestation occurred at days 60 and 75 but at day 90, infestation was sufficient to evaluate insect damage. Based on these data it was concluded that only accessions HGB-674 and HGB-1497 appeared to be the most promising. In addition, to determine possible chemical causes of resistance, hexane extracts were analyzed at day 90 by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the major peaks identified by a mass spectral database using similarity index. Nine hydrocarbons, viz., hexadecane, heptadecane, eicosane, tricosane, 2-methyltricosane, tetracosane, hexacosane, octacosane and triacontane were identified in the hexane extracts in many samples. Tricosane, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant correlations with the leaves mined. Only tricosane presented a negative correlation with the number of small mines (r = −0.28), total number of mines (r = −0.27) and % of leaves mined (r = −0.22). However, tetracosane and hexacosane presented significant positive correlations (r = 0.25 and 0.24, respectively) with the % of leaves mined. 相似文献
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The effects of 3 gonadorelin products on luteinizing hormone release,ovulation, and follicular wave emergence in cattle 下载免费PDF全文
Martínez M Mapletoft RJ Kastelic JP Carruthers T 《The Canadian veterinary journal. La revue veterinaire canadienne》2003,44(2):125-131
The objective was to determine luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion and follicular dynamics in cattle following administration of 3 gonadorelin formulations that are commercially available in Canada. In experiment 1, nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 4 per group) were randomly assigned to receive 100 micrograms gonadorelin diacetate tetrahydrate, intramuscularly (C; Cystorelin, or FE; Fertagyl). Blood samples (for LH analysis) were collected 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours after treatment. In experiment 2, nonlactating Holstein cows (n = 10 per group) were randomly allocated to receive 100 micrograms gonadorelin, intramuscularly as follows: 2 mL of C; 1 mL of FE; or 2 mL of Factrel (FA, gonadorelin hydrochloride). Gonadorelin treatment was done on days 6 or 7 after ovulation and blood samples for LH analysis were collected at 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after treatment. Ovaries were examined by ultrasonography, twice daily, to detect ovulation. A replicate was conducted using only C (n = 10) or FE (n = 10); blood samples were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. In experiment 3, beef heifers (n = 10 per group) were randomly assigned to receive 1 of 3 GnRH gonadorelin treatments (as in the first phase of experiment 2) on days 6 or 7 after ovulation and blood samples were collected at 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 4 hours. In experiments 2 and 3, both mean and mean peak plasma LH concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) in cattle treated with C. The proportion of dominant follicles that ovulated was higher (P < 0.02) in Holstein cows treated with C than in those treated with FE or FA (18/19, 11/19, and 4/7, respectively), but there was no significant difference among the products in beef heifers (6/10, 6/10, and 4/10, respectively). No significant differences were found in the interval from treatment to the emergence of the next follicular wave. In summary, C induced a greater LH release and this resulted in a higher ovulatory rate in Holstein cows but not in beef heifers. 相似文献
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Alba Valéria da Silva Pereira Ricardo Brainer Martins Sami Jorge Michereff Marcelo Bezerra da Silva Marcos Paz Saraiva Camara 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(4):489-498
Stem rot caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an important postharvest disease of papaya in Brazil, responsible for reducing the quality and quantity of fruits. Fungicide
use is one of the main disease management measures. However, there are no estimates available of pathogen sensitivity to commonly
employed fungicides. Therefore, the EC50 from 120 isolates of L. theobromae from northeastern Brazil, representative of six populations of the pathogen, was estimated in vitro for fungicides of the
methyl benzimidazole carbamates—MBC (benomyl and thiabendazole) and demethylation-inhibiting—DMI (imazalil, prochloraz, tebuconazole)
groups. Mycelial growth on fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits of the MBC-sensitive and non-sensitive isolates
were compared. For MBCs, 8.4% of isolates were non-sensitive to fungicides. For the remaining 91.6%, the mean EC50 ranged from 0.002 to 0.13 μg ml−1 and 0.36 to 1.27 μg ml−1 for benomyl and thiabendazole, respectively. For DMIs, the mean EC50 range for imazalil was 0.001 to 2.27 μg ml−1, 0.04 to 1.75 μg ml−1 for prochloraz, and 0.14 to 4.05 μg ml−1 for tebuconazole. The EC50 values of non-sensitive isolates were significantly (P≤0.05) higher those for the sensitive isolates for each of the DMI fungicides. Differences (P≤0.05) were found in the levels of sensitivity to DMI fungicides among the isolate populations associated with orchards. The
populations from two orchards were less sensitive to DMIs. No solid evidence was found for fitness costs relating to MBC non-sensitive
isolates because mycelial growth in fungicide-free media and virulence on papaya fruits were similar to those of sensitive
isolates. 相似文献
8.
Glyphosate sustainability in South American cropping systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Christoffoleti PJ Galli AJ Carvalho SJ Moreira MS Nicolai M Foloni LL Martins BA Ribeiro DN 《Pest management science》2008,64(4):422-427
South America represents about 12% of the global land area, and Brazil roughly corresponds to 47% of that. The major sustainable agricultural system in South America is based on a no-tillage cropping system, which is a worldwide adopted agricultural conservation system. Societal benefits of conservation systems in agriculture include greater use of conservation tillage, which reduces soil erosion and associated loading of pesticides, nutrients and sediments into the environment. However, overreliance on glyphosate and simpler cropping systems has resulted in the selection of tolerant weed species through weed shifts (WSs) and evolution of herbicide-resistant weed (HRW) biotypes to glyphosate. It is a challenge in South America to design herbicide- and non-herbicide-based strategies that effectively delay and/or manage evolution of HRWs and WSs to weeds tolerant to glyphosate in cropping systems based on recurrent glyphosate application, such as those used with glyphosate-resistant soybeans. The objectives of this paper are (i) to provide an overview of some factors that influence WSs and HRWs to glyphosate in South America, especially in Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay soybean cropped areas; (ii) to discuss the viability of using crop rotation and/or cover crops that might be integrated with forage crops in an economically and environmentally sustainable system; and (iii) to summarize the results of a survey of the perceptions of Brazilian farmers to problems with WSs and HRWs to glyphosate, and the level of adoption of good agricultural practices in order to prevent or manage it. 相似文献
9.
Miguel A. Vela Humberto Villarreal Marcelo Araneda F. J. Espinosa‐Faller 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(1):87-103
Preliminary technical baseline information for the inland culture of juvenile red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus, in a freshwater fish hatchery is presented. Three initial stocking densities (d1 = 83, d2 = 167, and d3 = 250 fish/m3) were tested in a semirecirculation system for 575 days using a commercially available feed (48.1% protein, 25% lipids, and 0.13% fiber). Initial and final mean fish weight were 7.11 ± 0.02 g and 287.6 ± 27 g. As carrying capacity appeared to have been reached, only data from Days 1–333 were analyzed. One‐way ANOVA analyses indicated that the survival rate of the smaller density (d1 =40 ± 3.7%) was significantly different from the other two densities (d3 = 21 ± 1.1% and d2 = 23 ± 1.0%), which did not differ between them. Absolute growth rate (0.87 ± 0.02 g/day) was not significantly different between densities (F = 0.23. p = .801). Neither was weight significantly different between treatments. There were significant differences in the feed conversion rate (FCR) between densities (F = 8.54; p = .02). FCR for d1 was significantly lower than for the two other densities, which did not differ from each other. A von Bertalanffy growth model was adjusted (R2 = 0.95), and weight–length relationship presented negative allometric values (b = 2.85, R2 = 0.98). 相似文献
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