Detection of Pasteurella multocida in pigs with porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome.

Comprehensive bacterial cultures were made on samples from 20 pigs that had died of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome after a short clinical illness. Eleven species of porcine bacterial pathogens and a range of commensal organisms were isolated. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from 16 of the 20 cases but the other pathogens occurred much less commonly. P. multocida was isolated from between one and five sites per case and from the tonsils, retropharyngeal lymph node or lungs in 14 of the 16 cases. Immunohistochemical investigations of kidneys from 30 cases of the syndrome (including the 20 cases in the bacteriological study) revealed P. multocida-specific staining in 26 of the cases, primarily in the renal tubular epithelial cells of the proximal convoluted tubules, but also in the glomeruli, in lesions of renal vasculitis and in the cytoplasm of interstitial mononuclear cells.     

Opening Address

Extract

I have spoken many times over the past few years about the necessity for diversification if farmers are not to be dangerously vulnerable to changes in those overseas markets we depend on for survival. The day of “what was good enough for Grandad is good enough for me” is long past in an age when the future is seen in terms of a few years, rather than several decades.     

达氏鳇谷氨酸脱氢酶基因的克隆及双低菜粕添加对其表达的影响

谷氨酸脱氢酶(glutamate dehydrogenase,GDH)可通过逆催化谷氨酸脱氨参与氨基酸代谢,也可生产合成氨,参与氮代谢。实验克隆得到达氏鳇(Huso dauricus)谷氨酸脱氢酶基因(gdh)的开放阅读框序列。该序列全长为1 635 bp,编码544个氨基酸。氨基酸序列多重比对结果显示达氏鳇GDH与其它脊椎动物的序列一致性较高。进一步的系统进化树分析发现,达氏鳇GDH与两栖类、爬行类及哺乳类聚为一支。组织表达分析结果表明,达氏鳇gdh的mRNA在各组织中都有分布,并且在肠中转录水平最高。随后,采用荧光定量PCR分析了饲料中添加双低菜粕对达氏鳇蛋白质代谢相关基因(gdh、氨肽酶N apN、小肽转运载体pepT1)及应激反应相关的热休克蛋白(hsp 90)基因表达的影响。在肝脏中,不同饲料投喂组gdh和hsp90的转录水平没有显著差异。在肠中,菜粕组gdh及apN基因的转录水平显著高于基础饲料组;菜粕组pepT1基因的转录水平也高于基础饲料组,但是没有显著性差异。以上结果表明,植物蛋白原料菜粕添加可引起达氏鳇肠道中蛋白质代谢水平上升,而不引起鱼体的应激反应。     

Mitochondrial enzyme and Na+, K+-ATPase activity,and ion regulation during parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon (Salmon salar)

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) exposed to either simulated natural photoperiod (SNP) or continuous light (L24) were used to examine developmental changes in the presence and absence, respectively, of the parrsmolt transformation. Plasma osmolarity and ion concentrations were unaffected by photoperiod treatment. Gill Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase specific activity increased 150% between February and June in SNP fish and was low and unchanged in L24 fish. Kidney Na⁺, K⁺-ATPase specific activity varied within similar, narrow limits in both groups. Citrate synthase of liver, gill and kidney, expressed as specific activity or activity/g total body weight (relative activity), increased 25–60% between March and June in SNP fish. With the exception of kidney relative activity, citrate synthase activity declined to initial (March) levels by August. Liver, gill and kidney cytochrome c oxidase activity of the SNP group underwent similar though less marked changes. Liver, gill and kidney citrate synthase and cytochrome c oxidase activities of the L24 group remained relatively constant between March and August, and where significant differences occurred, they were lower than those of the SNP group. These results indicate that respiratory capacities of the liver, gill and kidney increase in smolls concurrent with preparatory osmoregulatory changes, and subsequently decline. The findings are consistent with a hypothesized transient increase in catabolic activity during the parr-smolt transformation that may be due to the metabolic demands of differentiation.