深基坑锻锤基础冬期施工

在冬期施工，对于土方开挖、钢筋绑扎、人员的通行、砼的浇铸、砼的温度控制，基坑的保温等都带来一定困难，为此提出了深基坑锻锤基础才是最佳实践应用。     

猕猴桃果实成熟前补钙对果实含钙量的影响

猕猴桃果实成熟前用喷叶法和喷果法补钙，可显著提高果实中的钙含量。喷叶较喷果效果好。用Ca(NO3)2喷叶，比用CaCl2处理效果好，差异显著。而果实对CaCl2和Ca(NO3)2的吸收选择性差异不显著。经补钙处理的果实采后进行贮藏效果观察发现：用Ca(NO3)2喷叶处理的果实贮藏性较好，用其喷果处理次之；用CaCl2喷果和喷叶处理的果实贮至28天软果率均达到90％。     

浅谈海原县肉牛繁育现状及对策

本文对现阶段海原县肉牛繁育现状进行总结,即基础母牛饲养量逐年增加,品种趋向良种化;养殖模式由单一散养户逐渐转向规模场(户);养殖技术由原始粗放逐渐转向科学精细化;地方政策支持力度加大,配套体系逐渐健全。并分析了几个制约肉牛良繁的问题：即中大规模养牛场出现本交现象;饲养管理不精准导致“一年一胎”难实现;犊牛成活率低等问题。针对存在的问题从提高冷配繁育技术、母牛规范化饲养管理、提高犊牛成活等方面提出了相应的解决办法。     

Taxonomic and Bioactivity Characterizations of Mameliella alba Strain LZ-28 Isolated from Highly Toxic Marine Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09

Microalgae host varied microbial consortium harboring cross-kingdom interactions with fundamental ecological significance in aquatic ecosystems. Revealing the complex biofunctions of the cultivable bacteria of phycosphere microbiota is one vital basis for deeply understanding the mechanisms governing these dynamic associations. In this study, a new light-yellow pigmented bacterial strain LZ-28 was isolated from the highly-toxic and harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella LZT09. Collective phenotypic and genotypic profiles were obtained to confidently identify this strain as a new Mameliella alba member. Comparative genomic analysis showed that strain LZ-28 shared highly similar functional features with other four marine algae-derived M. alba strains in spite of their distinctive isolation sources. Based on the bioactivity assaying, the mutual growth-promoting effects between bacterial strain LZ-28 and algal strain LZT09 were observed. After the culture conditions were optimized, strain LZ-28 demonstrated an extraordinary production ability for its bioflocculanting exopolysaccharides (EPS). Moreover, the portions of two monosaccharides glucose and fucose of the EPS were found to positively contribute to the bioflocculanting capacity. Therefore, the present study sheds light on the similar genomic features among the selected M. alba strains, and it also reveals the potential pharmaceutical, environmental and biotechnological implications of active EPS produced by this new Mameliella alba strain LZ-28 recovered from toxic bloom-forming marine dinoflagellate.     

矿区生态监测的地理加权遥感生态指数构建及评价

矿区生态是陆地生态系统的重要组成部分,准确监测矿区生态对保护生态环境、维持生态平衡具有重要意义。遥感技术为矿区生态监测提供了有效手段,针对遥感生态指数（remote sensing ecological index,RSEI）在矿区生态监测中存在监测精度低、针对性弱和指标权重空间上均一化问题,该研究对RSEI进行了改进。首先,考虑矿区特殊的生态成因,在绿度、热度、湿度、干度的基础上加入煤尘污染因子构成矿区遥感生态指数;然后,利用地理加权主成分分析法确定各指标的空间权重,构建了地理加权遥感生态指数（geographically weighted-remote sensing ecological index,GW-RSEI）;最后,以山西省大同煤田为例,基于多期遥感影像对GW-RSEI在矿区生态监测中的有效性、适用性进行了验证。结果表明：GW-RSEI能准确捕捉矿区大气中的煤尘污染,从整体和局部尺度实现了矿区生态的精准监测,有效提高了矿区生态监测的精度;地理加权主成分分析法能够明确表征矿区生态的空间异质性和生态环境变化的空间连续性;2000—2020年大同煤田的GW-RSEI均值分别为0.51、0.48、0.46、0.59、0.56,整体生态环境经历了先恶化后改善的过程,其东南部生态环境变化趋势与整体一致,而西北部生态环境呈现先改善后恶化的变化趋势。研究成果为准确监测矿区生态提供了一种更加科学、有效的方法。     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

轴-轴承系统动力学摩擦学弹性力学耦合分析

采用动力学仿真软件ADAMS和有限元分析软件ANSYS,结合手工编程的方法,研究了变载荷作用下轴-轴承系统动力学、摩擦学、弹性力学(轴的刚度和强度)耦合分析问题,重点讨论正弦载荷作用下轴-轴承系统的共振响应和考虑动态油膜压力分布时的轴颈表面动应力计算。计算结果表明,动应力在轴颈表面沿轴向和周向的分布与油膜压力沿轴向和周向的分布密切相关;动应力随时间的变化与轴-轴承系统的动力学响应密切相关。     

车辆电动转向系统的卡尔曼滤波模糊PID控制

通过对车辆动力转向系统的动力学分析,建立了动态数学模型。为了克服单独使用PID控制和模糊控制时的问题,提高控制系统的响应速度,减小超调量,减小稳态误差,设计了模糊控制和PID控制相结合的多模态控制器,实现了分段控制;并由卡尔曼滤波对控制信号进行滤波处理,减小路面随机干扰和传感器测量噪声的影响,从而进一步提高了控制效果。仿真和试验结果表明,该控制方法能够明显改善控制性能。     

STEAM教育理念在竹木玩具创新设计中的应用

随着技术发展和教育理念的变革,家长对儿童玩具提出了更高要求,于是基于STEAM(Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics)教育理念研发的玩具应运而生。文章运用市场调研和归类分析的方法,调查了国内市场上STEAM玩具的现状。结果发现,市场上现有的STEAM玩具设计普遍存在缺失原创性、独特性、运动性以及使用材料的环保性等问题,为此提出了竹木STEAM玩具设计应注重本土化、微课程化、环保化以及互动化的建议,并以此设计了一款竹制STEAM玩具。     

芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的解剖观察与胚培养

【目的】探究芍药属组间杂交种皮开裂种子的内部状态和胚培养成苗表现,为揭示种皮开裂种子的成苗潜力、提高组间远缘杂交育种效率提供参考。【方法】以24个芍药属组间杂交组合种皮开裂的种子为试验材料,解剖后观察并统计胚和胚乳的发育情况,通过离体培养观察胚的萌发和生长规律,分析不同组合种皮开裂种子发育和成苗差异。【结果】芍药属24个组间杂交组合中均出现了种皮开裂的杂交种子,平均种皮开裂率高达61.08%;1 767粒种皮开裂种子中,有11.09%的胚乳已腐烂;胚乳未腐烂种子中,约90%以上种子的胚乳存在不同程度的损伤或病变,24.18%的种子内部未观察到可见胚。对解剖得到的1 185个组间杂种胚进行离体培养发现,有24.73%的胚不萌发,63.47%的胚生长异常,仅有4.47%的胚能正常生长,得到完整植株。胚培养得到的完整植株具备良好的活力,移栽成活率达到86.79%。24个杂交组合种皮开裂种子通过离体胚培养共得到46株移栽成活的组间杂种苗,平均成苗率为2.60%,接近正常组间杂交种子的播种成苗率（2.75%）。【结论】种皮开裂现象在芍药属组间杂交种子中普遍存在,是组间远缘杂交障碍的重要表现之一,用离体胚培养技术能有效克服这类障碍,提高成苗率。