鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果评估

本试验选用A、B、C、D 4种商品化鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫SPF鸡,进行攻毒试验以评估不同疫苗的免疫效果。10日龄SPF鸡分组后分别用A、B、C、D 4种商品化法氏囊病活疫苗按1羽份/只剂量接种免疫,21日龄时用1000 LD₅₀剂量的法氏囊超强毒株(GD0104)进行攻毒,各组疫苗的保护率分别为100%、85%、100%、100%;35日龄时用1000 LD₅₀剂量的法氏囊超强毒株(GD0104)进行攻毒,各组疫苗的保护率分别为100%、75%、95%、100%。免疫后抗体检测显示,抗体滴度水平D＞A＞C＞B,抗体转阳速度A＞D＞C＞B,免疫应激作用A、D＞B、C。综合考虑疫苗免疫攻毒后各项指标的变化,A、D疫苗免疫效果优于其他两种活疫苗,可以有效地为SPF鸡提供保护作用。     

奶牛隐性酮病的研究概况

本文将黑龙江省规模化奶牛场隐性酮病的多年研究进行小结,根据奶牛隐性酮病的发病特点,并结合国内外的文献,概述了黑龙江省奶牛隐性酮病的发生情况、病因学、临床病理学特征和检测及防治方面的研究状况,提出一些问题,旨在为今后的研究提供新的思路和方向,从而创造良好的经济价值.     

低浓度玉米小斑病菌C小种毒素培养滤液对玉米叶片过氧化物酶活性的诱导作用

分别用不同低浓度玉米小斑病菌C小种毒素培养滤液处理两种基因型(C103和B37)的同核异质系的玉米叶片,以提高玉米叶片内过氧化物酶(POD)的活性;结果说明:过氧化物酶的活性变化与植物抗病性呈正相关,低浓度C毒素培养滤液本身能够作为激发子来诱导玉米获得抗性,故低浓度C毒素培养滤液作为激发子来诱导玉米的系统获得性抗性具有一定的广适性。对CB37和CC103的处理中,1∶60处理组效果均表现为较好,POD酶活性最高。     

不同蔬菜轮作对设施连作黄瓜根际土壤微生态的影响

以大葱和苦瓜2种轮作作物为试材,分析了轮作不同蔬菜对连作黄瓜根际土壤微生态的影响。结果表明:轮作大葱和苦瓜可显著降低根际土壤EC值,提高pH。2种轮作作物根际土壤中的细菌和放线菌数量均有显著提高,真菌和镰刀菌数量显著降低。在拉秧期大葱和苦瓜根际土壤转化酶活性高于连作95.96%和44.44%,脲酶活性高于连作52.94%和29.41%,过氧化氢酶活性较连作高182.69%和100.00%,多酚氧化酶活性高151.11%和75.56%。黄瓜-大葱、黄瓜-苦瓜2种轮作模式有效缓解黄瓜连作障碍,防止土壤肥力衰退,以大葱轮作效果更为显著。     

中华鳖致病性嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

对江西省进贤县某中华鳖养殖场送检的2只患病中华鳖进行细菌分离,且对分离的细菌进行培养特性观察、生化特性鉴定、毒力因子检测、毒力基因PCR检测、实验动物攻毒及体外药敏试验。结果表明,从2只中华鳖肝脏分离到3株菌,均为革兰阴性短杆菌,其中体型稍大中华鳖2株,体型稍小中华鳖1株;经过实验动物感染试验得出3株菌都为强毒力致病菌;通过生化鉴定、毒力因子及PCR检测确定为嗜水气单胞菌;体外药敏试验结果显示,3株菌对头孢曲松都高度敏感,对利福平、甲氧苄啶、氨苄青霉素都不敏感。     

喷施硫酸锌对紫花苜蓿草产量和品质的影响

采用叶面喷施的的方法研究了不同施锌水平200,500和800mg／kg对紫花苜蓿（Medicaco sativa）干草产量及品质影响。结果表明：喷施硫酸锌显著（P〈0．05）提高苜蓿草产量,其中施锌量为500mg／kg的处理产量最高。适量的锌水平可以显著提高粗蛋白含量,施锌量为500mg／kg时,可以显著提高紫花苜蓿粗脂肪、粗纤维、磷的含量,对粗灰分含量影响不大。喷施不同浓度Zn处理,除第1茬外,苜蓿中的钙含量有增加趋势。营养物质的年积累量均以施锌浓度为500mg／kg时达到最高。     

Computed tomographic assessment of vascular invasion and resectability of mediastinal masses in dogs and a cat

AIMS: To assess the sensitivity of non-angiographic contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) to determine the presence of vascular invasion of cranial mediastinal masses in dogs and a cat, and to evaluate the association between vascular invasion and peri-operative mortality.

METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 25 dogs and one cat. CT scans were completed with slices ranging from 2 to 10 mm. CT images were evaluated by a board-certifi ed radiologist blinded to previous diagnoses and surgical fi ndings. Each CT study was evaluated for vascular invasion, defi ned as disruption of the vessel wall and extension of the mass into the vessel lumen. Data retrieved from the surgery reports included surgical approach, whether vascular invasion was present, the surgeon's decision on operability, and post-operative complications.

RESULTS: Computed tomographic evaluation revealed 25/26 masses had no evidence of vascular invasion. During surgical exploration, 10/26 masses were found to invade major regional vasculature; the cranial vena cava (CVC) was the vessel most commonly invaded (7/10 animals), and 4/7 (57%) patients with invasion of the CVC were euthanised or died in the perioperative period, from surgical or disease-related problems, which was signifi cantly higher than patients without vascular invasion (p=0.045).

CONCLUSIONS: Non-angiographic contrast-enhanced CT was signifi cantly less sensitive for detecting vascular invasion of cranial mediastinal masses when compared with surgical evaluation. If the CVC was invaded by a tumour there was a signifi cant risk of death peri-operatively when compared with non-invasive cases.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Due to the signifi cantly higher mortality risk associated with invasion of the CVC, a more sensitive method than CT should be investigated to determine vascular invasion of mediastinal masses pre-operatively.     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

Effect of Beclin 1 RNA interference on Vit K3 injured SMMC-7721 cells

AIM: To observe the effect of Beclin 1 silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) technique to the injury of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by vitamin K3 (Vit K3).METHODS: The recombinant plasmid Psilencer 3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 was transfected into SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by eukaryotic cell transfection technique. Plasmid vector and cell culture medium were used as negative and control, respectively. The cells were collected 48 h later to extract cell RNA and total protein and to detect Beclin 1 gene expression by RT-PCR and Western blotting. 40 μmol/L Vit K3 was used to treate the Beclin 1-siRNA cells, Hoechst33342 staining was used for the determination of the percentage of cell apoptosis.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the synthetic siRNA of Beclin 1 significantly decreased the levels of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein expressions. Beclin 1 mRNA was up-regulated in 40 μmol/L Vit K3 treated SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased (P﹤0.01). In beclin 1-siRNA cells, Beclin 1 mRNA was down-regulated obviously, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased significantly compared with the 40 μmol/L Vit K3 group (P﹤0.01).CONCLUSION: The transfection of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by Psilencer3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 effectively inhibits the expressions of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein, inhibits the activation of Beclin 1 dependent autophagic signaling pathway, and aggravates the apoptosis induced by Vit K3.