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Landscape Ecology - Human beings face a growing supply–demand risk in ecosystem services (SDRES) due to anthropogenic environmental change and human activity. It is urgent to construct an... 相似文献
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采用自动控温仪摊床温水孵化蛋４批，其结果是受旧平均孵化率达９１．５６％，其中最高达９２．９９％，平均健雏率达９７．０１％，均已达到 了目前报宾国产优质电孵化器的孵化水平。该方法是对传统化法的改进，但其规模远远超过了传统方法。与电孵化器相比，仅孵化效果相当，而且还具有规模可任意调控、造价低廉、操作方便、节能、雏禽成活率高等优点。 相似文献
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Background and Objectives
Soil nitrate nitrogen (NO3 −-N) accumulation is related closely to NO3 − leaching, which is an important issue in groundwater pollution, especially in intensive agricultural areas with saline soils where volumes of water are used in irrigation to avoid salt accumulation in the root zone. However, in the saline environment in Hai River Basin, China, the importance of detailed research into NO3 −-N distribution in the root zone has not been adequately recognized. Considering the impacts of eco-environmental system N and crop production, the present study aimed at contributing to an understanding of the effects of N application rate on soil NO3 −-N distribution, NO3 −-N residue, N loss, and maize (Zea mays L.) yield in this region. 相似文献5.
基于环境相关法和地统计学的土壤属性空间分布预测 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：7
土壤属性是土壤质量的重要决定因素,并强烈影响土地利用和生态过程。正确理解并充分考虑土壤空间变异,对于在景观尺度上建立生态、环境过程模型是必不可少的。在黄土高原横山县采集了254个样点,应用数字地形与遥感影像分析技术,获取相关地形因子与遥感指数,分析土壤属性（土壤容重、有机质和全磷）与环境因子相互关系,并利用环境变量进行空间预测。结果表明,土壤容重、有机质与地形因子和遥感指数之间存在较好相关性,而全磷与地形因子相关性不大;多元线性逐步回归模型对于土壤容重和有机质拟合较好,而对于全磷,预测结果较差;回归－克里格预测有效地减小了残差,消除了平滑效应,与实测值较为接近。 相似文献
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【目的 】结合分数阶微分和异常值识别,提高土壤有机质模型反演精度,实现土壤有机质含量的快速、准确估计。【方法 】文章以吉林省伊通县黑土区为研究区,基于实地采集的213个土壤样本和HyMap-C机载高光谱传感器获取高光谱影像,选择S-G函数和分数阶微分进行光谱预处理,竞争性自适应重加权采样（Competitive Adaptive Reweighted Sampling,CARS）提取特征波段建立土壤有机质含量偏最小二乘回归（Partial Least Squares Regression,PLSR）反演模型,并使用蒙特卡洛交叉验证（Monte Carlo Cross-Validation,MCCV）进行异常值识别。【结果 】（1）将分数阶微分用于机载高光谱可以放大光谱特征,阶数越高、特征越明显,低阶分数微分对噪音不敏感;（2） CARS方法能有效压缩光谱信息;全样本建模中0.4阶分数阶微分CARS-PLSR建模表现较优,但总体精度仍然不高;（3）使用MCCV剔除异常值后,0.6阶分数阶微分CARS-PLSR建立的土壤有机质含量反演模型精度最高,训练集和测试集的均方误差分别为0.219%... 相似文献
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基于差分GPS技术的淤地坝泥沙淤积量估算 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
淤地坝是黄土高原水土流失治理中的一项重要措施。但是早期建设的淤地坝缺乏监测资料,对现已淤满坝地拦截泥沙量的估算成为当前研究中的一个难点问题。该文选取延安宝塔区羊圈沟小流域1979年修建的淤地坝为研究对象,采用高精度差分GPS技术,测量坝地淤积面平均高程和淤地面积,结合1977年1︰10 000地形图,建立高程—面积/淤积量曲线,得出羊圈沟淤地坝淤积泥沙方量为155 849.2 m3,并通过计算得到建坝至淤满期内（1979－2004年）年平均土壤侵蚀模数4 052.1 t·km-2·a-1,属于中度侵蚀。差分GPS技术的应用为准确估算淤地坝泥沙淤积量提供了技术支撑,可以弥补历史上侵蚀产沙数据,而且对定量评价水土流失及其治理效益提供了依据。 相似文献
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Context
Common indicators are needed to monitor biodiversity loss and the implications for the sustainable provision of ecosystem services (ES). A plethora of different sets of indicators may hinder the identification of major endpoints for large-scale assessments of biodiversity and ecosystem services (BES).Objectives
We aim to describe the main challenges of indicators for BES assessment and provide suggestions for establishing a comprehensive indicator system.Methods
An extensive literature review was conducted in this study. We review the main challenges of indicators for BES assessment and propose corresponding improvements from our perspectives of theory and practical applications.Results
The main theoretical challenges of existing indicators include inconsistent definitions and classifications of ES, misunderstanding of linkages among biodiversity, ecosystem structure, functions and services, and practical problems relate to such issues as indicator representativeness, data availability, and uncertainty. Our suggested improvements include clarifying the main terms, concepts and classification of indicators, establishing a robust conceptual framework with clear interactions among different components and indicators, selecting indicators based on ecosystem properties, streaming existing data into one platform, and strengthening validation of proxies. The steps for constructing a comprehensive indicator system for BES assessment are summarized.Conclusions
Clear definitions of key terms are indispensable to classify indicators and construct a conceptual framework. Improved understanding of the relations among indicators of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, and ES across multiple scales can guide the development of the indicator system. The integrated indicator system is an important tool for BES assessment to support decision making for sustainable development.10.