茄子早熟育种研究Ⅱ选择指数与早熟性选择

研究结果表明,由性状果实最大周长,果实体积,门茄显蕾期,单株产量等性状构成的选择指数较好;进一步进行遗传相关分析结果认为,应用选择指数时应注意果实体积这个性状,单株产量是一个重要的辅助性状,门茄显蕾期是一个限制性因子。应用选择指数对品种评价结果认为,早熟性较好的品种有:天津早茄、西安绿茄、二民、七叶茄、白线茄和汉中荷包。     

芽孢杆菌及其胞外多糖对空心菜和茼蒿Cd吸收及土壤团聚体的影响

本研究旨在探究产胞外多糖芽孢杆菌对蔬菜镉(Cd)积累及土壤结构的影响。采用以空心菜和茼蒿为供试材料的盆栽试验,研究了功能菌株Priestia megaterium YG35和Bacillus halodurans G20降低蔬菜吸收Cd的效果和可能作用机制。结果表明,与CK相比,菌株YG35、菌株G20及其胞外多糖处理显著增加空心菜和茼蒿可食用组织干质量(37.8%～115.1%),显著降低可食用组织Cd含量(21.9%～44.2%),并使茼蒿Cd含量(0.057～0.061 mg·kg^-1)达到安全可食用标准,显著降低根际土壤有效态Cd含量(3.7%～11.7%),显著(P<0.05)增加根际土壤多糖含量(35.9%～49.5%)和蔗糖酶活性(15.3%～28.4%),促进根际土壤团聚体向大粒径转化。研究表明,YG35和G20及其胞外多糖能降低蔬菜对Cd的吸收,促进蔬菜生长,改善土壤结构,具有在Cd污染土壤上实现蔬菜安全生产的应用潜力。     

干番茄渣代替豆粕对肉牛瘤胃发酵和氮代谢的影响

干番茄渣可用于反刍动物的替代营养饲料。据有限的文献资料显示,用干番茄渣代替豆粕会降低瘤胃发酵和微生物合成能力。在本试验中,用装瘤胃瘘管的肉牛来验证用干番茄渣代替豆粕是否会对采食、瘤胃发酵和氮代谢造成影响。用拉丁方设计饲喂试验,受试牛分别饲喂混入3.2%、8.0%和11.2%干番茄渣的全混日粮。结果发现,用干番茄渣代替饲料中豆粕不影响采食量,但是改变了瘤胃发酵指标,即增加干番茄渣摄入量导致瘤胃pH值升高和氨浓度增加,并且呈摄入量依赖性增加,但是挥发性脂肪酸浓度和瘤胃微生物数量并未改变;饲料中添加高水平干番茄渣使血液中尿素浓度呈线性、剂量依赖性增加。很明显,胃肠道对中性和耐酸纤维的总消化率并未受番茄渣的影响。饲喂番茄渣增加了粪氮的排泄,从而降低了尿氮的排泄量。用干番茄渣代替豆粕影响肉牛瘤胃发酵和氮的代谢,但是实际上对反刍动物生产性能的影响还不能确定。     

Relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination and water use efficiency under regulated deficit irrigation of pear-jujube tree

To investigate the relationship between stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ) of different organs and water use efficiency (WUE) under different water deficit levels, severe, moderate and low water deficit levels were treated at bud burst to leafing, flowering to fruit set, fruit growth and fruit maturation stages of field grown pear-jujube tree, and leaf stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_L) at different growth stages and fruit stable carbon isotope discrimination (Δ_F) at fruit maturation stage were measured. The results indicated that water deficit had significant effect on Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage. As compared with full irrigation, the average Δ_L at different growth stages and Δ_F at fruit maturation stage were decreased by 1.23% and 2.67% for different water deficit levels, respectively. Δ_L and Δ_F among different water deficit treatments had significant difference at the same growth stage (P < 0.05). Under different water deficit conditions, significant relationships between the Δ_L and WUE_i (photosynthesis rate/transpiration rate, P_n/T_r), WUE_n (photosynthesis rate/stomatal conductance of CO_2, P_n/g_s), WUE_y (yield/crop water consumption, Y/ET_c) and yield, or between the Δ_F and WUE_y and yield were found, respectively. There were significantly negative correlations of Δ_L with WUE_i, WUE_n, WUE_y and yield (P < 0.01) at the fruit maturation stage, or Δ_L with WUE_i and WUE_n (P < 0.01) over whole growth stage, respectively. Δ_F was negatively correlated with WUE_y, WUE_n and yield (P < 0.05), but positively correlated with ET_c (P < 0.01) over the whole growth stage. Thus Δ_L or Δ_F can compare WUE_n and WUE_y, so the stable carbon isotope discrimination method can be applied to evaluate the water use efficiency of pear-jujube tree under the regulated deficit irrigation.     

蛋氨酸的功能及代谢吸收过程

本文介绍了蛋氨酸的功能,并且详细阐述了蛋氨酸的代谢过程和吸收过程,为合理调控蛋氨酸在动物体内的吸收代谢和在饲料中添加蛋氨酸提供了理论依据。     

繁殖母牛的饲养管理

1空怀母牛的饲养在放牧前给牛喂半饱的干草,经15￣20d再转入全天放牧。每天每头牛补喂50g左右的食盐和1￣2kg的大麦、玉米、黄豆等水泡粉碎的混合精料。实行先饮水后喂草,待牛吃到5￣6成饱后,喂给混合精料,再饮淡盐水,待牛休息15￣20min后出牧,放牧回舍后给牛备足饮水和夜草,让     

浅析我国犬业发展面临的问题及对策

在人类文明的发展史中,犬伴随人类的生产、生活己有着悠久的历史。近年来,随着我国社会经济的发展,犬业的规模化、体系化和产业化迅速发展。农村养犬已从过去以看家护院为目的向养殖业的方向发展：中小型玩赏犬则是许多城市居民心爱的伴侣宠物;工作犬在各个领域发挥着极其重要的作用;实验犬在生命科学的研究中也作出了特殊的贡献。     

桑蚕摘除部分感觉器对人工饲料摄食性的影响

桑蚕摘除了触角,下颚须或下颚瘤状体后,对人工饲料的摄食性均显著提高,摄食性个体差异减小,对桑叶或人工饲料正趋性强的个体,其摄食性较高,人工饲料中不仅存在蚕的味觉有明显抑制作用的物质,也存在对嗅觉有忌避作用的成分,嗅觉在决定对人工饲料摄食性方面具有重要作用。     

Mitochondrial dysfunction influences apoptosis and autophagy in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro

Mitochondria are important regulators of both apoptosis and autophagy. One of the triggers for mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis is the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which include hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. Recently, several studies have indicated that ROS may also be involved in the induction of autophagy. In the present study, we used H(2)O(2) to induce mitochondrial stress, examined apoptotic- and autophagic-related gene expression and observed LC3 protein (autophagosome presence marker) expression in porcine parthenotes developing in vitro. In porcine four-cell parthenotes cultured for 5 days in NCSU37 medium containing 0.4% BSA, the developmental rate and mitochondrial distribution did not differ from that of the group supplemented with 100 μM H(2)O(2) but was significantly decreased in the group supplemented with 500 μM H(2)O(2) (P<0.05). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that whereas normal shaped mitochondria were observed in blastocysts from the control group, abnormal mitochondria (mitophagy) and autophagic vacuoles were observed in blastocysts from the group that received 500 μM H(2)O(2). Furthermore, addition of H(2)O(2) (100 μM and 500 μM) decreased cell numbers (P<0.05) and increased both apoptosis (P<0.05) and LC3 protein expression in the blastocysts. Real-time RT-PCR showed that H(2)O(2) significantly decreased mRNA expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-xL but increased pro-apoptotic genes, Caspase 3 (Casp3) and Bak, and autophagy-related genes, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (Map1lc3b) and lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 (Lamp2). However, the addition of H(2)O(2) had no effect on mRNA expression levels in nuclear DNA-encoded mitochondrial-related genes, cytochrome oxidase (Cox) 5a, Cox5b and Cox6b1, in blastocysts. These results suggest that H(2)O(2) leads to mitochondrial dysfunction that results in apoptosis and autophagy, which is possibly related to porcine early embryo development.     

仔猪肠道微生物代谢产物及益生菌的调控作用

近年来,肠道微生物组成及其代谢产物与宿主生理之间的互作关系成为当前动物营养研究的热点。研究表明,肠道微生物的代谢产物是影响宿主生理的关键执行者,肠道微生物具有调节宿主代谢、免疫、生长发育等作用。本文系统地综述了仔猪肠道微生物组成、代谢产物种类和功能,以及益生菌对仔猪肠道微生物的影响,以期为仔猪营养调控和肠道微生物的研究提供科学依据。