苹果脱水素基因生物信息学识别与表达分析

本研究使用Perl语言在‘金冠’苹果基因组中识别脱水素基因(MD-DHN)序列,并对MD-DHN系统发生关系、保守序列、氨基酸一级结构以及疏水性等进行了生物信息学分析,并利用低温处理下‘金红’、‘金冠’苹果转录组测序数据,分析了MD-DHN表达差异。在‘金冠’苹果基因组中,共识别17个MD-DHN,根据系统发生关系可以归类为I、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3个亚族,I类亚族的成员最多,Ⅲ类亚族最少,均包含Y、S、K序列区,但I类亚族K区一致性不高。17个MD-DHN蛋白都具有高亲水性,但是不同蛋白序列之间亲水性存在差异。17个MD-DHN中,有11个MD-DHN响应苹果冷胁迫和冰冻胁迫,其中10个脱水素基因(MDDHN1～MD-DHN5, MD-DHN8～MD-DHN10, MD-DHN13和MD-DHN15)在冰冻胁迫下,在更耐寒‘金红’苹果中高表达。本研究为进一步探讨MD-DHN基因功能提供了依据。     

鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果评估

本试验选用A、B、C、D 4种商品化鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫SPF鸡,进行攻毒试验以评估不同疫苗的免疫效果。10日龄SPF鸡分组后分别用A、B、C、D 4种商品化法氏囊病活疫苗按1羽份/只剂量接种免疫,21日龄时用1000 LD₅₀剂量的法氏囊超强毒株(GD0104)进行攻毒,各组疫苗的保护率分别为100%、85%、100%、100%;35日龄时用1000 LD₅₀剂量的法氏囊超强毒株(GD0104)进行攻毒,各组疫苗的保护率分别为100%、75%、95%、100%。免疫后抗体检测显示,抗体滴度水平D＞A＞C＞B,抗体转阳速度A＞D＞C＞B,免疫应激作用A、D＞B、C。综合考虑疫苗免疫攻毒后各项指标的变化,A、D疫苗免疫效果优于其他两种活疫苗,可以有效地为SPF鸡提供保护作用。     

奶牛隐性酮病的研究概况

本文将黑龙江省规模化奶牛场隐性酮病的多年研究进行小结,根据奶牛隐性酮病的发病特点,并结合国内外的文献,概述了黑龙江省奶牛隐性酮病的发生情况、病因学、临床病理学特征和检测及防治方面的研究状况,提出一些问题,旨在为今后的研究提供新的思路和方向,从而创造良好的经济价值.     

The Effects of Freshwater Clam (Corbicula fluminea) Extract on Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (TNF-α) in Prediabetic Patients in Taiwan

Freshwater clam extract (FCE) is a functional food that regulates the immune system and has been demonstrated in numerous studies to display desirable anti–tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) responses. In addition, excess TNF-α production is positively associated with type 2 diabetes. However, few longitudinal clinical studies evaluating the efficiency and toxicity of FCE are available. This article reports that patients with prediabetes who received FCE had a desirable outcome of a reduction in serum TNF-α for a long period. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial conducted using FCE intervention and placebo groups, and 36 patients with prediabetes were enrolled. Two grams of FCE or placebo was consumed daily for 180 consecutive days. The serum of the participants was collected at four time points (0M: before the intervention; 3M: after 3 months of intervention; 6M: after 6 months of intervention; 12M: 6 months after cessation of intervention at 6M). A serum TNF-α concentration higher than 4.05 pg/mL was defined as a cut-off value. FCE reduced serum TNF-α in all participants at 6M and 12M. Moreover, FCE significantly suppressed serum TNF-α concentrations at 6M and 12M and inhibited TNF-α release with time series in subjects with elevated TNF-α values. FCE intervention effectively reduced serum TNF-α and persistently sustained the effects for half a year in patients with prediabetes. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GS-MS) analysis revealed that the major components of FCE were phytosterols and fatty acids, which exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-TNF-α abilities. Hence, FCE has the potential to be developed as a natural treatment for prediabetic patients in Taiwan.     

Effect of Beclin 1 RNA interference on Vit K3 injured SMMC-7721 cells

AIM: To observe the effect of Beclin 1 silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) technique to the injury of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by vitamin K3 (Vit K3).METHODS: The recombinant plasmid Psilencer 3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 was transfected into SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by eukaryotic cell transfection technique. Plasmid vector and cell culture medium were used as negative and control, respectively. The cells were collected 48 h later to extract cell RNA and total protein and to detect Beclin 1 gene expression by RT-PCR and Western blotting. 40 μmol/L Vit K3 was used to treate the Beclin 1-siRNA cells, Hoechst33342 staining was used for the determination of the percentage of cell apoptosis.RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the synthetic siRNA of Beclin 1 significantly decreased the levels of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein expressions. Beclin 1 mRNA was up-regulated in 40 μmol/L Vit K3 treated SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased (P﹤0.01). In beclin 1-siRNA cells, Beclin 1 mRNA was down-regulated obviously, the percentage of apoptosis cells increased significantly compared with the 40 μmol/L Vit K3 group (P﹤0.01).CONCLUSION: The transfection of SMMC-7721 hepatoma cells by Psilencer3.1-siRNA-Beclin 1 effectively inhibits the expressions of Beclin 1 mRNA and protein, inhibits the activation of Beclin 1 dependent autophagic signaling pathway, and aggravates the apoptosis induced by Vit K3.     

Anti-stress effects of Glycine tomentella Hayata in tilapia: inhibiting COX-2 expression and enhancing EPA synthesis in erythrocyte membrane and fish growth

The objective of this study was to elucidate the in vivo effects of the ethanol extract of wooly Glycine tomentella Hayata (GTE) root on tilapia to elucidate whether GTE has antistress activity. Tilapia as an animal model were fed with or without GTE, then injected with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or ammonium chloride (NH(4)Cl). The tilapia were exposed to 100 mg/L of aqueous NH(4)Cl, and/or acute cold stress. Growth parameters of the tilapia were measured during the feeding trials. Tilapia injected with GTE (20 μg/g of fish), NH(4)Cl (100 μg/g of fish) and/or LPS (1 μg/g of fish) were then sampled 2 h poststimulation. GTE significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 expression and hemoglobin (Hb) dimer formation (36 kDa). GTE also improved growth and blood viscosity and upregulated eicosapentaenoic acid content of erythrocytes. The in vivo results indicated that GTE (20 μg/g of fish) can be applied as a stress-tolerance enhancing agent for the aquaculture industry.     

奶牛体外成熟卵母细胞与X分离冻精体外受精及其胚胎发育

比较了X分离冻精和未分离冻精与牛卵母细胞进行体外受精后,受精卵的卵裂率和胚胎发育率。X分离冻精组受精卵的卵裂率（51.4%）和囊胚发育率（19.7%）显著低于未分离冻精组（67.9%,29.9%,P〈0.05）;微量上浮非离心法处理X分离冻精和未分离冻精后,其受精卵的卵裂率（50.7%,65.5%）高于上浮离心法处理组（48.3%,63.8%）,但两种处理方法之间无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;同一种精子采用微量上浮非离心法或上浮离心法处理后,其卵裂胚的桑葚胚发育率和囊胚发育率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;X分离冻精的受精卵与颗粒细胞和睾丸支持细胞共培养后,其卵裂率（50.0%,51.4%）与非共培养组（50.3%）无显著差异（P〉0.05）;两个共培养组的桑葚胚发育率（53.3%,54.6%）和囊胚发育率（21.1%,21.5%）均高于对照组（52.2%,20.4%）,但无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。     

奶牛X性控冻精的卵胞质内精子注射研究

探讨奶牛X性控冻精的卵胞质内单精子注射(ICSI)技术的可行性及显微操作条件对奶牛X性控冻精ICSI效果的影响.结果表明,注射运动性控冻精ICSI卵的卵裂率和囊胚发育率均高于不运动组,但差异不显著(P>0.05).分别用5%、8%和10%聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)的精子操作液处理性控冻精,进行ICSI操作,ICSI卵的卵裂率差异不显著;但PVP在5%和10%时,正常卵裂率分别是78.4%和69.1%(P<0.05),囊胚率分别是29.7%和20.4%(P<0.05).精子显微注射时,将卵母细胞的极体调整在相当于时钟6点与12点的位置时,所获ICSI卵的卵裂率差异不显著,但正常卵裂率(76.4%,66.7%)和囊胚率(28.6%,19.0%)明显提高(P<0.05).结论认为,进行奶牛X性控冻精ICSI操作时,应选用运动精子,并用含5%PVP的精子操作液进行处理,而且注射在卵母细胞极体置于6点的位置,有利于ICSI卵体外发育.     

弱光环境对设施桃果实品质的影响

以设施内栽培的春捷桃为试材,在果实发育期设自然光照(对照)和遮荫处理,研究了弱光环境对设施桃果实品质的影响。结果表明,在设施遮荫环境下,果实的纵横径均小于对照,且纵径减小的幅度大,果型指数变小。在设施栽培条件下,遮荫处理后桃树果实中可溶性总糖、维生素C含量降低,而可滴定酸、淀粉、干物质和可溶性蛋白含量升高。遮荫处理后对果实品质各项指标的影响在果实生长发育不同时期表现不同,但均是早期影响小,后期影响大。     

补铜对铜缺乏奶牛血浆7项生化指标的影响

选择10头患铜缺乏症泌乳奶牛,每头牛内服硫酸铜4 g.d-1,每周1次,连续服用2周,测定补铜前后奶牛血浆Cu、SOD、BUN、Glu、TP、T-AOC、MDA含量。结果显示:试验奶牛补铜后,血浆BUN、TP、SOD水平略高于补铜前(P0.05),血浆Glu、Cu、T-AOC水平明显高于补铜前(P0.05或P0.01),血浆MDA水平显著低于补铜前(P0.01)。结论:补铜能有效的改善铜缺乏奶牛机体能量代谢和抗氧化能力。