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HAO Chao-yun FAN Rui Milton Cezar Ribeiro TAN Le-he WU Hua-song YANG Jian-feng ZHENG Wei-quan YU Huan 《中国农业科学(英文版)》2012,11(4):593-599
Known as the "king of spices",black pepper (Piper nigrum),a perennial crop of the tropics,is economically the most important and the most widely used spice crop in the world.To understand its suitable ... 相似文献
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Carla Roncoli Benjamin S. Orlove Merit R. Kabugo Milton M. Waiswa 《Agriculture and Human Values》2011,28(1):123-138
Climate change is confronting African farmers with growing uncertainties. Advances in seasonal climate predictions offer potential
for assisting farmers in dealing with climate risk. Experimental cases of forecast dissemination to African rural communities
suggest that participatory approaches can facilitate understanding and use of uncertain climate information. But few of these
studies integrate critical reflections on participation that have emerged in the last decade which reveal how participatory
approaches can miss social dynamics of power at the community level and in the broader context. Furthermore, neither climate
application research nor theoretical critiques of participation fully examine the culturally constructed nature of participation.
Drawing on sociolinguistic analysis, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic observation, this paper examines how Ugandan farmers
engage in participation in the context of discussions of seasonal climate forecasts. Forecasts were presented to farmers groups
whose members were then asked to discuss the forecast among themselves. In doing so, groups sought to develop a common understanding
of the forecast and consensual plans for response strategies. Focusing on one particular group meeting as an example, we show
how different cultural styles of participation affect the interpretation of the forecast and the formulation of response strategies.
Group interaction is shown to be mostly structured around two styles of participation. On the one hand, there is the “Western”
style advocated by NGOs and the government, which centers on ensuring that all individuals who are present have opportunities
to speak during discussion and to vote on group decisions. On the other hand, a “Kiganda” style of participation emphasizes
the importance of affirming ties to a collectivity, respect for social hierarchy, deployment of good manners, and consensus
building. The case study illuminates how the performance of different styles of participation is grounded in localized frameworks
of language and culture but also draw on political and policy discourses at the national level. Although a cultural high value
on consensus may work in favor of prominent members, the availability of multiple styles of participation also enables group
members to exercise their agency in positive ways. Attention to the interplay of different styles of participation throws
light on the subtle social processes that shape how knowledge is assessed, which sources are trusted, which and whose interpretations
prevail, what options are deemed viable, how costs and benefits are calculated, and whose resources are mobilized in the effort
to reduce vulnerability to climate risk. These are key questions for an assessment of the role of boundary organizations,
such as farmer associations, in the communication and application of climate forecasts in agriculture. 相似文献
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Regolin André Luis Oliveira-Santos Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Milton Cezar Bailey Larissa Lynn 《Landscape Ecology》2021,36(9):2519-2533
Landscape Ecology - An understanding of species-habitat relationships is required to assess the impacts of habitat fragmentation and degradation. To date, habitat modeling in fragmented landscapes... 相似文献
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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution - 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Growth Simulation, an analytical modeling technique, has been increasingly used in ecological studies and practical forestry applications where dendrochronology is not applicable. The technique uses randomly sampled diameter increments from tagged trees over a known time interval to assemble a statistical sample of lifetime growth trajectories. We carried out a validation of Growth Simulation using a temperate species in order to compare indirect model outputs with direct tree ring analysis. Rings were measured on sample disks cut from 55 pine branches ranging in age from 8–36 years. Assessments included lifetime growth rates, growth rate with respect to diameter and age, periodic annual increment (PAI), cross-referencing of rings by date, and autocorrelation of growth over successive periods. Tree ring analysis and Growth Simulation showed close correspondence for all parameters tested (maximum, median, and minimum growth rates; longevity estimates). Growth Simulation is found to be a robust and informative technique for studies of tropical tree growth, and is especially useful where analysis of tree rings is not feasible or when bootstrapping analysis of ring data is of interest. 相似文献
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Kátia Paula Aleixo Letícia Biral de Faria Milton Groppo Maurício Meirelles do Nascimento Castro Cláudia Inês da Silva 《Urban Forestry & Urban Greening》2014,13(4):689-696
Cities provide resources for the animals that live in them or their surroundings. There has been an increase in the number of ecological studies in urban areas, including interactions between plants and bees. Bees are pollinators that provide a vital ecosystem service to crops and wild plants. We assessed plant community structure in the campus of Universidade de São Paulo in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, included in the neotropical Atlantic Forest biome, focusing on floristic composition, pollination syndromes, flowering phenology, and spatiotemporal distribution of floral resources for bees. Currently, the city is surrounded by sugar cane plantations. Once a month, from April 2011 to March 2012, we sampled plant species and individuals in bloom in an area with 500 m radius from the bee-rearing facilities of Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP), totaling 78 hectares. We sampled 289 plant species of 73 families; Leguminosae was the richest family. Plants pollinated by bees predominated (67%), followed by plants pollinated by hummingbirds (18%). Melittophilous species flowered throughout the year and, hence, food availability for bees was continuous. The flowering of plant individuals that provided pollen, nectar, and floral oil was seasonal in all vegetation (except for nectar in shrubs), with peaks in resource availability in the transition from the dry to the rainy season, and also in the rainy season. Our results show that the campus is able to maintain bee populations amid a monoculture matrix, acting as a refuge. In addition, it provides a list of several attractive native plants to different pollinator groups, coupled with a phenogram, that can be used in the design and planning of urban areas. 相似文献
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