基于粒子群算法的圆柱度误差评定方法

根据最小区域条件,建立了圆柱度误差的数学模型以及优化目标函数和适应度函数,阐述了粒子群优化算法的原理和实现方法,然后根据粒子群算法优化求解。实例表明,该方法对于圆柱度误差评定等非线性优化问题能得到全局最优解,粒子群优化算法的计算精度与其他满足最小条件的计算方法相比略有提高,且参数设置少,计算速度快,可用于三坐标测量机等测量系统的圆柱度误差测量后的数据处理。     

基于纹理和位置特征的麦田杂草识别方法

以化学防除适期麦田杂草为研究对象,对利用条播作物的位置和纹理特征识别田间杂草的方法进行了研究。根据条播作物小麦作物行的间距相对固定等位置特征,利用植物像素直方图法确定作物行的中心线和行宽,并识别行间杂草。然后,以作物行中心为基准来选取纹理块,计算量化级数为8级的H颜色空间的共生矩阵,提取5个纹理特征参数,利用K均值聚类法判别分析各块的类别来识别行内杂草。研究结果表明,杂草的正确识别率约为93％,作物的错误识别率约为7％。     

Hydraulic Retention Time Influence on Improving Flocculation in the Activated Sludge Processes Through Polyelectrolytes

Hydraulic retention time (HRT) influence improving sludge flocculation with adding the polyelectrolytes (non-ionic, anionic, and cationic) was studied on an activated sludge (AS) system fed with synthetic domestic wastewater (SDW), dairy industry wastewater (DIW), and caramel industry wastewater (CIW). The sludge volumetric index, food/microorganism ratio (F/M), and mixed liquor volatile suspended solids at different HRTs (6, 8 and 10 h) were monitored on an experimental model. Results showed that both SDW and IW had the best sludge flocculation conditions at 8 h and 100 mL of non-ionic polyelectrolyte (0.2 mg L^?1). In addition, this phenomenon reached the organic matter removal efficiencies of 95.9, 95.7, and 94.2% for SDW, DIW, and CIW, respectively. Therefore, optimum HRT increased the organic matter removal efficiencies by 10%, sludge concentration by 37% (22–55%), and F/M ratio by 70%. Moreover, the polyelectrolytes used in AS improved the sludge flocculation by 2.9 times.     

作物遥感估产的现状及其展望

 总结了国内外作物遥感估产的状况，并对作物遥感的技术集成和便利化服务、数据处理、农业标准化、农学机理、扩大用户需求共4个方面作了展望。     

Comparison of larval thermal maxima between <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fundulus heteroclitus</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">F. grandis</Emphasis>

Fundulus heteroclitus and F. grandis are resident salt marsh fishes that overlap in distribution over a narrow range in northeastern Florida. The objective of the present study was to examine whether the limits of the species’ ranges could be explained by differences in thermal tolerance. Two populations of each species were collected and then spawned in the laboratory, and 9-day-old larvae were used for critical thermal maxima trials. Mean LOE temperatures of larvae ranged from 43.04 to 43.65°C and showed little difference between species. Therefore, differences in high temperatures experienced cannot account for the differences of the distributions of the two species. Condition-specific competition may play a greater role in determining the observed range of the two species.     

化肥投入的环境经济分析

本文通过对化肥使用的收益成本分析及其对环境造成的影响,利用二次生产函数模型,以洞庭湖区农民的化肥投入为案例,分别考虑粮食产量最大、农民经济收益最大和净经济效益最大3种情况的化肥投入量,进而提出化肥控制和管理对策的最佳管理措施建议。     

枇杷灰斑病病原菌的鉴定

 从枇杷灰斑病病斑上分离的病原菌,经鉴定分属于2个种,即Pestalotia adusta Ell.&Ev.[Pestalotiaadusta (Ell.&Ev.) Stey]和P.eriobotrifolia Guba。它们的分生孢于形态差异很大,菌体酯酶及蛋白质电泳图谱也有明显的差别.种内不同分离物间的酯酶及蛋白质电泳图谱有很大的相似性.P.eriobotrifolia是枇杷灰斑病病原菌的优势种.