村社林业活动与自然保护区森林资源管理

村社林业是指在一个具体的村社或农村生态系统内 ,以农户为主题 ,旨在解决农户自身生存和发展所需的林业活动 ,是林业发展的重要组成部分。高黎贡山东坡百花岭村农户在社区与保护方面做了有益的尝试 ,多形式、多内容的林业经营管理活动促进了社区林业的发展与自然保护区森林资源和生物多样性保护 ,为周围村社提供了有益的经验。文中以高黎贡山东坡百花岭村所开展的各项村社林业活动为例 ,叙述了农村社区林业活动的公众参与对高黎贡山森林资源的有效管理与周围农村经济持续发展的作用和意义     

高黎贡山西坡大塘村社林业活动研究

村社林业是指在一个具体的村社或农村生态系统内，以农户为主题，旨在解决农户自身生存和发展所需的林业活动，是林业发展的重要组成部分。高黎贡山西坡大塘村农户在社区森林资源管理方面做了有益的尝试，多形式、多内容的林业经营管理活动使该村社区森林资源得到了合理的利用和保护，为周围村社提供了有益的经验。本文以大塘村的各项村社林业活动为例，叙述了广泛开展村社林业活动对高黎贡山森林资源有效保护与周围农村经济持续发展的作用和意义。     

Reproducing the gender order in Canadian forestry: The role of statistical representation

Abstract

Despite a large literature that addresses the gendered structure of forestry occupations in Europe and the USA, relatively little attention has been paid to these issues in Canada. In this paper, it is argued that policy makers and academics have used outdated statistics about forestry employment to shape policies and programs of government and industry. Use of these data has been to the general disadvantage of women working in the forest industry and in forestry communities. This paper draws mainly on three studies, spanning the mid-1990s to the mid-2000s. Each study relied on secondary sources such as Census data, government and industry documents, as well as primary sources such as interviews or questionnaires. On Vancouver Island, British Columbia, analysis of land reallocation policies and transition strategies for displaced workers in the 1990s did not consider women as forestry workers or consider how job losses and opportunities for retraining might vary between men and women. Consequently, gender-neutral transition strategies were more accessible for men than for women. A study of female forestry workers in Saskatchewan revealed there was very little knowledge about employment conditions for women in forestry. Women reported that they missed out on training and advancement opportunities because they lacked networks, childcare support or other benefits that might encourage them to improve their circumstances. Finally, a survey of forest sector advisory committees across the country revealed a very low rate of participation by women, even though those who did participate had some significantly different viewpoints about forestry than their male counterparts. In combination, these efforts suggest that improvements in the understanding of forestry employment would benefit forestry workers, both male and female, and ensure that all workers made lasting contributions to the industry.     

美国乡村林业发展经验借鉴

在我国经济由高速增长向高质量发展转型的背景下,绿色产业发挥着不可替代的作用。而林业是我国最大的绿色产业,也是构成乡村经济的重要产业部门。文中从林业专业人才、林地管理和林权交易、资金扶持以及乡村产业多元化发展4个方面介绍美国在乡村林业发展的经验,提出促进我国乡村林业发展、推动林业产业扶贫的相关建议,以期为我国林业产业提升经济、社会和生态效益提供参考。     

中美林业发展与林业高等教育联动关系比较与启示

世界各国林业发展与林业高等教育各具特色,两者互为联动。文中在分析中美两国相关林业数据和报告的基础上,比较了两国在不同发展阶段林业行业发展与林业高等教育的相互关系,以及两国林业高等教育尤其是林科专业本科阶段的发展状况;分析其规模变化的影响因素。分析认为,中美两国林业发展都经历了从产业型到公益型的发展阶段,而同期的林业高等教育发展阶段也呈现出相适应的变化,林业高等教育发展与同期的林业发展呈现出正相关关系。文中最后提出要以生态文明建设为导向,注重林业和林业高等教育的联动关系,使其相互促进和共同发展,为我国林业发展提供可靠保障。     

Community Forestry and Sustainable Development in Rural Area

After analysis on the current situation of international forestry, this paper proposes that integration, coordination and sustainable development will be the general developing trend of forest in China, and commercial forest, ecological forest and community forest should be organically combined with integrative development and sustainable development in rural areas. This paper focuses especially on clarifying the importance of community forest to the social development or rural areas, and emphasizes that the key point of forestry should be turned from biological and technical aspects to humane and social aspects.     

Evaluation of the performance of the community rainforest reforestation program in North Queensland,Australia

The Community Rainforest Reforestation Program (CRRP) in north Queensland, Australia, was a multi-faceted experiment in facilitating farm forestry. It was motivated in part by the World Heritage listing of the Wet Tropics of Queensland rainforests, which removed a large resource from the timber industry. Survey results indicate that some landholders have applied high-quality silvicultural management to their stands with a view to timber production, while others have been more interested in wildlife habitat and other non-wood benefits. Although not necessarily a success in terms of its stated goals, the program can be credited with a number of achievements. It yielded valuable experience in growing native tree species, job training for young unemployed people, and collaboration between Federal, State and local government in forest industry development. The program generated positive environmental outcomes and lessons for future timber and environmental planting programs on private lands. While the area planted and quantity of timber produced will fall far short of initial expectations, and some limitations arose with the job training activities, it nevertheless appears to have been a worthwhile project.     

瑞典林业可持续发展的策略与支持体系

林业可持续发展是当前世界各国普遍接受的林业发展方向,瑞典在长期的林业生产中,不断总结经验和吸取教训,探索出了一条适合本国国情的林业可持续发展的道路。文中介绍了瑞典林业可持续发展所采取的策略及其支持体系,提出中国林业可持续发展可以借鉴的几个方面。     

社会经济因素对林业经济发展的影响分析:以江西为例

分析影响林业经济发展的主要因素, 有利于深入研究林业发展状况, 找出其中存在的问题并提出对策建议。文中以江西为例, 利用1978——2009年的时间序列数据, 采取逐步回归分析方法, 对影响林业总产值的社会经济因素进行量化分析。结果显示, 农村居民人均年消费、本年度营林完成投资、粮食播种面积、地区生产总值和粮食作物产量对林业总产值的影响显著。其中, 农村居民人均年消费与林业产值呈负相关, 其他均为正效应。建议通过增加投资、提高森林质量、加快社会转型来促进林业经济的发展。     

国外林主合作组织发展新动向与启示

根据近年来国外林主合作组织的发展新动向, 简述了转型国家目前积极构建林主合作组织的途径和发达国家林主合作组织持续发展的问题, 并阐述了国外林主合作组织在林业新兴市场(认证市场和碳市场)的参与动态, 以及当前在促进农村社区发展和参与林业政策进程中的重要作用; 进而总结当前国外林主合作组织的地域发展格局和业务与作用拓展的新特点与新方向; 最后针对中国林农合作组织的构建与发展提出几点启示。     

英国林业法规政策体系及启示

研究国外林业法规与政策有利于借鉴相关成功经验。文中概述英国全国性和地方性林业法规,分析人工造林、林地补助和绿色采购等林业政策及发展趋势,归纳乡村林业、城市林业发展和生物多样性保护等林业配套政策,总结英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士林业发展战略。英国林业法规层次分明体系完善、林业政策持续稳定与时俱进、配套政策系统全面效果明显、林业战略重视突出地方特色和实施森林可持续经营政策等5点启示对于指导我国林业法规制定和政策调整具有一定的参考作用。     

日本林产品供需现状与林业政策走向

日本是世界上林业发达国家之一, 面对林业生产衰退和地震灾害, 通过林业政策调整实现了木材供需改善和林业产业体系改造, 因此研究日本林业生产现状和政策走向对我国林业现代化建设具有重要的借鉴意义。文中介绍了日本林业产业总体发展态势, 重点分析了原木生产情况以及锯材、胶合板、人造板等木材加工企业情况, 概述了日本木材供给需求变化和木材进出口变化以及应对这些变化的最新林业政策和发展规划, 特别是林业需求促进政策的新变化和新内容, 并借鉴日本经验提出了促进中国林业现代化发展的几点政策建议。     

珠三角地区乡村林业的变迁及其对林权改革的影响

以广东省珠三角地区中山市三乡、南区和五桂山为调查点,采用召开社区村民会议、绘制社区土地资源利用图和横断面图等方法,调查了乡村林业发展、制度变迁与林权改革的现状。并对村民的参与性在林权改革中的地位和作用进行了分析,提出珠江三角洲地区的林权改革存在的问题与推进改革的政策建议。     

多元治理视角下中国林业社会化服务体系发展与政府角色变迁

林业社会化服务体系是农村社会化服务体系的组成部分, 是我国集体林权制度改革配套措施之一, 是社会主义市场体系建设发展的必然要求。文中构建了以组织生命周期理论和多元治理理论为基础的林业社会化服务体系发展阶段与政府角色变迁分析框架; 提出1949年至改革开放前为林业社会化服务体系创立与建设期, 改革开放后进入变革与成长期(包含缓慢发展、逐步变革和快速成长3个亚阶段); 阐述了各阶段特征以及相应的政府角色定位。随着未来林业社会化服务体系日趋成熟, 需要建立政府、市场和社会共同参与、合作的多元治理模式。     

社会林业现状及发展趋势

概述了社会林业的概念及产生的背景,评述了社会林业发展的现状。在此基础上,分析了社会林业的基本发展态势与研究重点,提出了我国社会林业今后重点研究的课题:农民主动性与参与性、产权、少数民族与社会林业等。     

中国现代林业建设及其产业发展浅析

推进现代林业建设,已成为中国林业发展的主题。文中分析了中国现代林业建设的国内外背景,论述了现代林业建设的基本内涵、总体要求与主要任务,针对林业产业建设问题,在总结林业产业现状、发展机遇与挑战,并借鉴国外人工林产业发展经验的基础上,提出了现代林业产业发展的基本思路、重点和政策措施。     

丽江市林业建设现状及林业发展对策

丽江市林业发展存在着林业产业体系建设滞后,局部生态环境恶化,森林整体质量不高,林业投资机制不健全,资源林政管理难度较大,林改中问题多等问题.文章分析了林业发展的有力条件:各级政府高度重视,生态体系建设成效显著,林业产业发展迅速,生态旅游发展前景广阔等.从林业发展的指导思想和总体目标、林业生态建设、林业产业体系建设和林业发展保障体系建设等方面详细阐述了林业发展的基本思路与对策.     

美国林业人才培养及启示

高层次林业人才培养是林业科学可持续发展的关键.美国高等林业教育在发展过程中积累了丰富的经验, 形成了较完备的教育体系.然而最近几十年来, 美国林业人才教育出现了一些值得关注的趋势, 一是某些早期的林业人才项目宣告提前结束或主动放弃认证资格; 二是研究型或具备博士学位授权的院校在逐渐收缩林业人才培养项目, 而科研力量相对较弱的大学却在逐渐增加林业教育项目.文中简述美国林业人才培养概况, 介绍美国林业人才培养项目的发展趋势, 分析美国人才培养所面临的挑战并探讨美国涉林院校对林业人才培养模式的调整, 提出我国林业人才教育培养的思考与启示.     

Community-based forestry and community forestry enterprises in quintana roo,mexico and petén,guatemala: how have policies,history, and culture shaped their trajectories?

ABSTRACT

The Mayan Biosphere Reserve in the region of Petén, Guatemala and the state of Quintana Roo, Mexico have well-established experiences of community-based forestry and community forestry enterprises within the area known as the Mayan forest. Context has been a key factor shaping the trajectories of these two cases. Several scholars have highlighted the usefulness of understanding the role of context in the emergence and functioning of common property regimes. However, scholarship has been dominated by the mainstream school of common property, which sees these regimes as arising out of voluntary, rational action with the main intent of conserving a common-pool natural resource. This paper seeks to answer the call for more research on context for common property regimes. The article discusses how policies, history, and culture have shaped the trajectory of community forestry in both countries. Policies present choices, opportunities, and constraints, while history and culture can facilitate or hinder taking advantage of such opportunities. Communities have agency not only to react, but also to adapt. These two cases present overriding themes that strengthen the alternative literature on common property regimes and also offer lessons to policy makers, practitioners, nongovernmental organizations, and communities practicing forestry.     

Land, Fund and Mechanism:Three Bottlenecks of Chinese Urban Forestry in the 21st Century

Since the implementation of the reform-and-opening-up policy, great progress has been achieved inChina’s urbanization, along with which severeproblems regarding urban environment have occurredincreasingly. Gradually, the permanent residents inthe metropolis have come to realize the huge valueof urban forest in terms of ecology, landscape,amusements and so on. In order to improve the urbanecological environment and regain the fresh,comfortable and healthy environment for theirenjoyment of life…