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Rurick Salyaev Natalya Rekoslavskaya Anastasia Chepinoga Sergio Mapelli R. Pacovsky 《New Forests》2006,32(2):211-229
The transgenic poplar (Populus tremula L.) was obtained by transfer of the ugt and acb genes via triparental mating, which was employed to deliver large fragments of TDNA as a cluster. Freshly harvested seeds
of local poplar were placed on MS agar medium and plantlets were obtained. After 1 year of subcultivation, plantlets were
infected with a transconjugant of triparental mating with target ugt and acb genes into axillary buds. The transformed sprouts so obtained were cut and subcultivated on agar medium with an addition
of 0.6 mg/l indole-3-butyric acid as an auxin source. The transformed sprouts showed GUS activity and resistance to gentamycin
and kanamycin. The integrity of the target ugt and acb genes into poplar genome was demonstrated via PCR and Southern blot hybridisation. The transgenic poplar plants revealed
a higher growth energy, corresponding to a higher content of IAA as opposed to control plants. Both transgenic and non-transformed
plants were potted into soil for outdoor acclimatisation and subsequently transferred to earth in beds. Growing outside during
3 years, the transgenic poplar demonstrated a higher growth rate with fast bud and branch development. 相似文献
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Growth, survival, stem characteristics, resistance to wind, and canker disease of 51 poplar clones were evaluated at age 9 and 10 years, and compared to measurements at age 3 in two trials on the Lower Valley of the Colorado River, Argentina. About 30% of the clones in both trials had large changes in growth rankings at age 9 and 10 compared to rankings at age 3. Canker incidence increased about 4-fold between age 3, and measurements at age 9 and 10. Stem form was in general satisfactory, and wind incidence was almost nil. In trial 1, clones 588–1, Conti 12, 582–41, and 582–5 occupied the upper positions in the growth rankings at age 3 and 10, and the clone 588–1 ranked first both in growth and canker incidence in 1998. Stem growth trajectories of clones with similar growth rates did not differ among clones with, and without canker disease. In trial 2, the range in growth among clones was narrower than in trial 1, and canker disease, although of minor incidence, was present in most clones at age 9. Some of the P. deltoides clones in the trials had similar growth, and less canker disease than the Euroamerican clones commonly grown in the region, but progressive canker incidence should be addressed with additional selection trials. 相似文献
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The photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics ofAdenophora lobophylla andA. potaninii, as well as stomatal behavior such as stomatal size, stomatal density, stomatal open and stomatal conductivity were measured
at different altitudes. The relationship between the photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics and the stomatal behavior
was analysed by correlation coefficient and path coefficient analysis with altitude changes. The results showed that the influences
of stomatal behavior were not evident on the photosynthesis and transpiration characteristics ofA. Lobophylla, but evident on that ofA. potaninii.
This study is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 39391500).
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献
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Eiji Hayashi Kazuya Iizuka Shin-ichi Sukeno Kohzo Kohno 《Journal of Forest Research》1998,3(2):119-122
We determined the survival rate of tree families produced by the intra- and interspecific crossing of larch species damaged
by browsing of vole (Clethrionomys rufocanus bedfordiae Thomas) and the contents of ether extracts (EE) in their bark. The average survival ofLarix gmelini var.japonica Pilg. (L. gmelini)×L. gmelini (G×G) was highest, followed by the hybridL. gmelini×L. leptolepis Gordon (G×L). The families of the hybrid G×L, which is considered suitable for silviculture in Hokkaido, Japan, showed significant
differences in survival rates, suggesting that it is possible to produce improved varieties of the hybrid which are more resistant
to vole browsing. The EE contents of the bark were under strong hereditary control, and the rank of the EE content among the
various families hardly fluctuated between the location of the test fields. The correlation coefficient between the survival
rates and the EE contents was highly significant (r=0.89,n=24,p<0.01), indicating that the EE content in the bark may be used as a possible index of resistance or susceptibility to vole
browsing in larch plantations.
A part of this report was presented at the 106th Annual Meeting of the Japanese Forestry Society, at Sapporo, April, 1995. 相似文献
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Fertilizing plantations of fast-growing tree crops, in manners which supply nutrients at rates that match plant demand and
maintain stable internal plant nutrient ratios, can maximize biomass production and carbon sequestration while reducing fertilizer
wastage and pollution. Our objectives were to determine nutrient ratios of common hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa Torr. and Gray × Populus deltoides Marsh.) (T × D) clones under steady-state nutrition, and to determine if incremental additions of fertilizer were more successful
than conventional (evenly-split) fertilizer additions in maximizing biomass production and inducing stable nutrient ratios.
Un-rooted cuttings of three T × D clones (49–177, DTAC-7, 15–29) were grown under a conventional regime and a modified-exponential
fertilization regime at three application rates (1.8, 3.7 or 7.4 g N plant−1). Above- and below-ground biomass and nutrient concentrations were measured after one growing season. There were few differences
in total plant biomass between conventional and modified-exponential fertilization regimes, but for one clone, biomass accumulation
equivalent to the highest rate under the conventional regime was achieved with the medium rate of the modified-exponential
regime. Stable nutrient ratios (at conditions consistent with steady-state nutrition) were: 100N:14P:50K (49–177), 100N:13P:49K
(DTAC-7) and 100N:12P:60K (15–29). 相似文献
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不同杨树品系光合作用的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对13个杨树品系1 a生苗木的净光合速率、蒸腾速率进行测试与分析,结果表明:不同品系的净光合速率差异较大,杂1号、杂2号、A5-13、A5-17的净光合速率较对照大青杨分别高出15.07%、17.15%、5.25%和11.52%。长势较好的6个品系和对照的净光合速率日变化明显,杂1号、杂2号、A5-17、自选1号和对照呈现"双峰"曲线,峰值出现在10:00时和14:00时;A5-13、辉南5号呈现"单峰"曲线,峰值出现在14:00时。6个品系蒸腾速率的日变化基本相同,在11:00~13:00时达到最大值,之后迅速下降;同对照比较,A5-13、A5-17、杂1号、杂2号为高光合、高蒸腾类型,辉南5号为高光合、低蒸腾类型,自选1号为低光合、匀速蒸腾类型。在光合有效辐射为0~800μmol.m-2.s-1范围内,6个品系的净光合速率随着光合有效辐射的增加而增强,基本呈正相关;在光合有效辐射为1 500μmol.m-2.s-1左右时,达到光饱和点。 相似文献
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The complex of insect inhabitants of old larval galleries of Saperda populnea (L.) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) was studied during the period 2000–2003 in 18 localities in Bulgaria. As a result, 32 insect species were reared from old S. populnea galls: Metopoplax origani (Kolenati) (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae), Malachius sp. (Coleoptera: Malachiidae), Agrilus pratensis pratensis (Ratzeburg) (Coleoptera: Buprestidae), Xylocleptes bispinus (Duftschmidt) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Crossocerus cetratus (Shuckard), Crossocerus megacephalus (Rossi), Crossocerus nigritus (Lepeletier & Brullé), Crossocerus acanthophorus (Kohl), Passaloecus brevilabris Wolf, Passaloecus gracilis (Curtis), Psenulus schencki (Tournier), Solierella compedita compedita (Piccioli), Trypoxylon figulus figulus (Linnaeus), Trypoxylon fronticorne fronticorne Gussakovskij (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae), Cleptes schmidti Linsenmaiser, Trichrysis cyanea (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae), Clistopyga incitator (Fabricius), Ctenochira sanguinatoria (Ratzeburg), Liotryphon crassisetus (Thomson), Nemeritis fallax (Gravenhorst), Mesochorus georgievi Schwenke, Campoletis sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), Charmon extensor (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Eupelmus urozonus Dalman (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae), Perilampus aeneus (Rossius) (Hymenoptera: Perilampidae), Trichiocampus grandis (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), Janus luteipes (Lepeletier) (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), Cydia corollana (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), Fiebrigella brevibucca (Duda) (Diptera: Chloropidae), Eustolomyia hilaris (Fallén) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), Senotaina sp. (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) and Heringia vitripennis (Meigen) (Diptera: Syrphidae). Amongst them, 27 species were established as new inhabitants of old S. populnea galls. Five species (C. schmidti, N. fallax, M. georgievi, P. aeneus and J. luteipes) were recorded for the first time in Bulgaria. The dwellers of old S. populnea galls belong to the following ecological groups: insects using galls as a place to develop (3 species); insects nidificating in empty galls (10 species); insects using old galls as a pupating place (1 species); insects using empty galls as overwintering shelters (3 species); predators and parasites of primary dwellers of empty galls (13 species); or insects with uncertain ecological status (2 species). 相似文献
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Bianca G. Ambrogi Marcy G. Fonseca Miryan D. A. Coracini Paulo H. G. Zarbin 《Journal of pest science》2009,82(1):55-60
The calling behaviour of virgin females Condylorrhiza
vestigialis Guenée, 1854 (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) and the female pheromone gland extract activity were studied under laboratory conditions.
Most of the females started calling from their first scotophase period after emergence. Maximum calling occurred between the
seventh and tenth hours of the scotophase period. The length of the calling increased with age until the fourth scotophase,
but the onset of calling time did not differ with age. The number of calling bouts increased significantly with age, but the
mean duration of each calling bout (20.8 min) did not vary with age. Extracts of pheromone glands evaluated in a Y-tube olfactometer
attracted significantly more males than control, 70 and 30%, respectively. Gas chromatographic–electroantennogram detection
(GC–EAD) analysis of these extracts indicated the presence of a single EAD-active peak, the putative sex pheromone of the
species. This pheromone compound may be suitable for monitoring populations densities of C. vestigialis, and for detection of the onset of the seasonal flight period. An efficient pheromone is of importance also with respect
to current attempts to develop new control methods for this important pest of Populus spp. in Brazil. 相似文献
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Itisoneofproblemsthatwoodsqualityandquantityperareaareraisedthroughstudyingstanddensity.Accordingtoprincipleofformingarationalstandstructure,wetrytoachieveatheoreticalmodelofonetreephotosynthesisnutritionarea(PNA)orTPNAconnectedwithpopulusphotosynthesisorganform(PoForPPOF)andtogetrationalmanagementdensityusingmathematicalways.Assci-enceandtechniquedevelopon,therearemanyexamp1esandmethodstostudyafforestationbymathematicaltoo1s.Butsofar,manyshortagesthatthefieldworkisgreatandthecostishighan… 相似文献
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Tomomi Kaku Satoshi Serada Kei’ichi Baba Fumio Tanaka Takahisa Hayashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(4):250-257
Angiosperm trees bend their stems by forming tension wood at the upper side of leaning stems. Most tension wood has a cellulose-rich
G-layer in the innermost surface of the fiber cell wall. Strong tensile stress is considered to occur in the G-layer. This
study undertook to identify the proteins involved in G-layer formation and function through a proteomic analysis of G-layer-localized
protein. G-layers of poplar were loosened by sonication and isolated as doughnut-shaped pieces of thinly sliced transverse
sections. The proteins, once extracted with urea/detergent solution, were separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel
electrophoresis, and 110 spots were subjected to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). A database search
for these spots’ mass spectrum patterns identified 72 proteins. In addition, all peptide digestion mixtures of G-layer proteins
were separated by strong cation exchange chromatography and 39 proteins were identified using LC/MS/MS analysis. Proteins
involved in wall formation, such as lignin biosynthesis-related protein, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase, and fasciclin-like
arabinogalactan protein, were notably detected in the G-layer. 相似文献
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Kasim Bajrovic Kemal Kazan Zeliha İpekçi Nermin Gözükırmızı 《Journal of Forest Research》1999,4(2):161-166
Poplar (Populus tremula) was transformed with a construct carrying an antisense caffeic acidO-methyltransferase (COMT) cDNA (pOMT8) from a tropical pasture legume,Stylosanthes humilis. pOMT8 shows 83% overall homology to the corresponding COMT gene (pPCLA) of poplar. Of the 200 putatively-transformed plants regenerated on selective media after co-cultivation of poplar stem explants
withAgrobacterium tumefaciens harbouring a CaMV 35S-antisensepOMT8 construct, a subset of 20 plants were randomly chosen for further analysis. PCR and Southern blot analysis demonstrated the
stable integration of T-DNA into the genome of these plants. Antisense expression ofpOMT8 resulted in reductions in total COMT activity in the majority of the transgenic plants with the lowest total COMT activities
(61–70% of untransformed control plants) being observed in four transgenic plants. The composition of lignin in transgenic
plants was also changed, as detected by reductions in the content of syringyl units using infrared spectroscopy. However,
no changes were found in the amount of insoluble lignin in transgenic plants as compared to untransformed control plants.
These results indicate the potential of thepOMT8 gene to partially suppress COMT activity and modify the composition of lignin in transgenic poplar.
This work was partly supported by General Management of Turkish Pulp and Paper Mills. 相似文献
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Ammar Khalil Mohamed Ahmed Luping Jiang Fang Wang Song Chen Xueyan Zhou Xiaona Pei Xiyang Zhao Guanzheng Qu 《林业研究》2020,31(1):45-55
To determine appropriate quantities of water and fertilizer required for early growth of hybrid poplar cuttings,we recorded the growth traits of four clones grown under four factors(irrigation and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers),each with four levels,using an orthogonal experimental design.A logistic model was used to estimate growth in height.The growth curves for tree height were sigmoid,and the model R^2 values were greater than 0.9,which indicated that the fit was highly significant.ANOVA results for tree height and basal diameter indicated that all sources of variance showed significant differences(p<0.001).The average tree height and basal diameter for all the four clones under the different treatments ranged from 155.39 to 235.04 cm,and from 13.71 to 17.42 mm,respectively.A highly positive correlation between the extreme k value and tree height was observed,suggesting that the k value was an accurate estimation of tree height.For model parameters,the earliest average time point for the onset of the rapid growth period of poplar clones was 131 d,and the highest average increment in tree height during the rapid growth period was 138.78 cm.The highest average tree height for all clones under each factor was 219,210.51,200,and 201 cm when treated with either 1200 mL of water applied every third day,3 g of nitrogen,0 g of phosphorus,or 0 g of potassium,respectively.The most suitable treatment for the early growth of hybrid poplar cuttings,as suggested by the developed logistic model,was 1200 mL of water applied every third day and three applications of 1 g nitrogen(in the form of CH4N2O). 相似文献