杂交食葵品种比较试验及性状分析

食葵种植是天水市秦州区的传统优势产业，使用的常规品种产量低而不稳是制约其发展的主要因素，随着食葵杂交育种的发展，使用食葵杂交种已成为提高食葵产量的最有效手段，也是今后食葵种植的发展方向。为此，我们引进了10个杂交食葵进行试验。经试验表明DK119、DK188、2007、SHpoq、SH5135的综合性状表现较好，分别较产量最低的品种SH7301增产43．68％、37．93％、26．43％、23．33％、19．54％，适宜于在我区示范种植。     

河北省谷子种业发展情况报告

正河北省谷子常年种植面积250万亩左右,约占全国播种面积的20%,居国内谷子种植面积第2位,产量约占全国的25%。近几年来,随着土地流转、谷子抗除草剂品种及轻简化生产技术的发展,谷子生产逐渐由一家一户小农生产方式向规模化生产方式转变。由于新型经营主体更加重视良种更新,因此,谷子种子生产销售呈逐年递增趋势。河北省一般年生产谷子种子150万～200万kg,其中杂交种50万kg除自用外,约有40万kg销售到外省,是国     

向日葵品种试验田的管理

我公司在1994年（赤峰种子联营公司）时，与澳大利亚太平洋种子公司签定协议书，从1995～2008年引进油用向日葵品种590多个，从1999～2008年引进食葵杂交种36个，在公司试验地进行筛选试验。我公司有固定的试验地14．7hm^2，其中向日葵试验占地3．3hm^2。2002年开始承担国家东北组油葵杂交种、食葵杂交种的区域试验和生产试验；同时还承担内蒙古自治区油葵杂交种早熟组、中熟组、晚熟组的区域试验和生产试验，食葵杂交种的普通组、长粒组的区域试验和生产试验，食葵常规种的区域试验和生产试验。田间管理的好与坏，是决定试验结果准确性的重要环节。     

杂交食葵适宜种植密度分析

近几年,国内食葵种植面积不断上升,但种植的都是以三道眉为代表的常规种,栽培管理粗放。杂交食葵在中国和新疆种植时间较短,其适宜的栽培方式、技术措施还不完善,如何使食葵生产达到丰产、优质,提高杂交食葵的产量和商品性,是生产种     

向日葵在巴盟地区的发展潜力

向日葵目前已成为世界性商业化的主要油料作物之一,除了提取食用油外,还可用作人类食物、动物饲料及医药原料;油粕和其他副产品都可作工业原料。内蒙古巴盟地区种植向日葵历史悠久,有很大的发展潜力。1播种面积大、产量高目前我国向日葵种植面积已达100万公顷,油葵、食葵各占50%,是食葵面积最大的国家。内蒙古自治区向日葵的种植情况也发生着巨大变化,到20世纪90年代,种植面积已上升为全国第一位。而巴盟地区向日葵的种植面积又居自治区之首,稳定在16.7万公顷左右,其中食葵约12万公顷,占全国食葵面积的24%;油葵约4.7万公顷,占9.3%。巴盟的向…     

食葵SH361高产种植技术

食葵品种SH361是目前阿勒泰地区经济效益较好的食葵品种,2015年,"访汇聚"工作组在阿勒泰市阿苇滩镇加依勒玛驻村期间,推广种植该食葵品种,取得了单产255kg/667 m~2、收入2 600元/667 m~2以上的收益,种植效益突出,本文从土地准备、播种要求、田间管理等方面对食葵品种SH361的高产栽培技术进行总结,以供广大种植户参考。     

建立玉米亲本繁育体系搞好亲本种子生产

建立玉米亲本繁育体系搞好亲本种子生产内蒙古赤峰市种子公司（０２４０００）陈佳敏，汪家灼赤峰种子联营公司每年制种６７００公顷以上，需亲本种子３５万公斤，组合多，数量大。这是玉米杂交种生产的基础，因为杂交组合一经选定，决定杂交种产量的因素一是亲本种子的纯...     

杂交玉米吉单101及其亲本自交系种子真实性鉴定和纯度测定技术的研究

一、前言杂交玉米吉单101,是我国东北和内蒙古等地区的一个主要玉米品种。目前每年种植面积约为800万亩,亩产可达600公斤。每年大约经销种子数千万公斤。因为杂交种纯度是决定其杂种优势的重要种子品质,通常每年秋季带当年制种的杂交玉米种子样品去海南进行冬季种植鉴定。这种鉴定所需时间长,费用大,而目前尚无其他有效的纯度测定方法。为了研究该杂交种及其亲本自交系种子真实性鉴定和纯     

为什么杂交种种子只能用一年

目前,我国许多农作物都是用杂交种种子,例如玉米。从全国看,除少数边远山区或特用玉米还用常规品种外,大面积普通玉米都用杂交种,从我省看,生产上都种植杂交种,常规品种几乎绝迹。瓜菜作物中像西瓜、黄瓜等也是杂交种占绝对优势。那么为什么要发展杂交种子?为什么杂交种种子只能使用一年呢? 因为两个不同父母本杂交所获得的杂交第一代,具有杂交     

我国棉种现状及发展方向

1 常规棉品种向杂交品种发展一般作物都具有杂交优势。棉花的杂交优势十分显著, 一般杂交一代种,可比同类型的常规种增产10%～25％。 2004年我国形成一定种植面积的棉花品种有40个,这40个品种的种植面积占棉田总面积的77．7％;而杂交种占6个, 杂交种面积占棉田面积近20％。近年来我国杂交棉呈现出较快增长趋势,全国杂交棉种植面积占棉田总面积由2002年     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.