Seismic Evidence for a Detached Indian Lithospheric Mantle Beneath Tibet

P-to-S converted teleseismic waves recorded by temporary broadband networks across Tibet show a north-dipping interface that begins 50 kilometers north of the Zangbo suture at the depth of the Moho (80 kilometers) and extends to a depth of 200 kilometers beneath the Bangong suture. Under northern Tibet a segmented south-dipping structure was imaged. These observations suggest a different form of detachment of the Indian and Asian lithospheric mantles caused by differences in their composition and buoyancy.     

Partially Molten Middle Crust Beneath Southern Tibet: Synthesis of Project INDEPTH Results

INDEPTH geophysical and geological observations imply that a partially molten midcrustal layer exists beneath southern Tibet. This partially molten layer has been produced by crustal thickening and behaves as a fluid on the time scale of Himalayan deformation. It is confined on the south by the structurally imbricated Indian crust underlying the Tethyan and High Himalaya and is underlain, apparently, by a stiff Indian mantle lid. The results suggest that during Neogene time the underthrusting Indian crust has acted as a plunger, displacing the molten middle crust to the north while at the same time contributing to this layer by melting and ductile flow. Viewed broadly, the Neogene evolution of the Himalaya is essentially a record of the southward extrusion of the partially molten middle crust underlying southern Tibet.     

Detection of widespread fluids in the Tibetan crust by magnetotelluric studies

Magnetotelluric exploration has shown that the middle and lower crust is anomalously conductive across most of the north-to-south width of the Tibetan plateau. The integrated conductivity (conductance) of the Tibetan crust ranges from 3000 to greater than 20,000 siemens. In contrast, stable continental regions typically exhibit conductances from 20 to 1000 siemens, averaging 100 siemens. Such pervasively high conductance suggests that partial melt and/or aqueous fluids are widespread within the Tibetan crust. In southern Tibet, the high-conductivity layer is at a depth of 15 to 20 kilometers and is probably due to partial melt and aqueous fluids in the crust. In northern Tibet, the conductive layer is at 30 to 40 kilometers and is due to partial melting. Zones of fluid may represent weaker areas that could accommodate deformation and lower crustal flow.     

Bright Spots, Structure, and Magmatism in Southern Tibet from INDEPTH Seismic Reflection Profiling

INDEPTH seismic reflection profiling shows that the decollement beneath which Indian lithosphere underthrusts the Himalaya extends at least 225 kilometers north of the Himalayan deformation front to a depth of approximately 50 kilometers. Prominent reflections appear at depths of 15 to 18 kilometers near where the decollement reflector apparently terminates. These reflections extend north of the Zangbo suture to the Damxung graben of the Tibet Plateau. Some of these reflections have locally anomalous amplitudes (bright spots) and coincident negative polarities implying that they are produced by fluids in the crust. The presence of geothermal activity and high heat flow in the regions of these reflections and the tectonic setting suggest that the bright spots mark granitic magmas derived by partial melting of the tectonically thickened crust.     

Evidence from Earthquake Data for a Partially Molten Crustal Layer in Southern Tibet

Earthquake data collected by the INDEPTH-II Passive-Source Experiment show that there is a substantial south to north variation in the velocity structure of the crust beneath southern Tibet. North of the Zangbo suture, beneath the southern Lhasa block, a midcrustal low-velocity zone is revealed by inversion of receiver functions, Rayleigh-wave phase velocities, and modeling of the radial component of teleseismic P-waveforms. Conversely, to the south beneath the Tethyan Himalaya, no low-velocity zone was observed. The presence of the midcrustal low-velocity zone in the north implies that a partially molten layer is in the middle crust beneath the northern Yadong-Gulu rift and possibly much of southern Tibet.     

西藏主要农作物品种品质分析研究

对西藏藏南农牧区５个地区的主要农作物冬小麦、春小麦、冬青稞、春育稞及春油菜品种的品质分析结果表明，与黄淮麦区渭河川地副区小麦品种相比，西藏小麦品种千粒重高、容重低、蛋白质及湿面筋含量极低，面团的流变学稳定性很差，面粉品质差，且不同品种之间品质差异较小；西藏青棵千粒重高、容重大、蛋白质含量极低，品种之间的差异小于地区差异；西藏春油菜菜籽含油量高，硫代葡萄糖甙含量低，但芥酸含量远超过国家规定标准．     

2012年夏季西太副高对西藏降水的影响特征分析

[目的]研究2012年西藏地区降水的时空特征以及夏季(6～9月)降水与西太副高的关系。[方法]利用西藏地区2012年39个测站1～12月的降水资料以及常规的各种气象资料,采用气候诊断方法,统计分析西太副高脊线、北界位置与西藏夏季降水之间的关系。[结果]西太副高脊线、北界位置与西藏夏季降水之间均存在密切的关系。当西太副高脊线南北移动时高原上的降水随之产生差异,脊线位置偏北、偏西时西藏夏季降水偏少,除西藏中部和南部有降水外,其余地区基本无降水;脊线位置偏南、偏东时,降水偏多,此时高原上除阿里地区和那曲西部降水过程较少,其余地区均处于降水过程较频繁时期。在西藏夏季降水过程中,52%的区域性强降水是直接受西太副高位置影响,西太副高脊线和北界位置造成了降水的落区和强度不同。[结论]该研究为西藏夏季降水的相关预报预测提供科学依据。     

SSR分子标记研究进展

SSR标记广泛分布于基因组中,呈孟德尔遗传,多态性丰富,信息量大,已被作为一种理想的分子标记之一而广泛应用。文中重点介绍了SSR标记的开发和SSR技术试验体系的研究进展,旨在为SSR分子标记的研究与应用提供参考信息。     

西藏日喀则市南部边缘一次易漏报降雪(雨)天气过程分析

利用Micaps高空环流、自动站和卫星云等常规资料,对2017年2月20—23日出现在西藏日喀则市南部边缘易漏报的降雪(雨)天气过程进行分析。结果表明,南支槽上高原南压、南部低海拔辐合,近地面空气湿度大,冷暖空气在南部边缘一带交汇是出现此次雨雪天气过程的关键因素。     

Surface Deformation and Lower Crustal Flow in Eastern Tibet

Field observations and satellite geodesy indicate that little crustal shortening has occurred along the central to southern margin of the eastern Tibetan plateau since about 4 million years ago. Instead, central eastern Tibet has been nearly stationary relative to southeastern China, southeastern Tibet has rotated clockwise without major crustal shortening, and the crust along portions of the eastern plateau margin has been extended. Modeling suggests that these phenomena are the result of continental convergence where the lower crust is so weak that upper crustal deformation is decoupled from the motion of the underlying mantle. This model also predicts east-west extension on the high plateau without convective removal of Tibetan lithosphere and without eastward movement of the crust east of the plateau.     

中国弄蝶科昆虫分布格局的简约性分析

【目的】根据中国弄蝶的分布特点划分生物地理区并推断弄蝶现代分布格局的成因。【方法】统计得到中国328种弄蝶及其分布;将中国地图划分成2°×2°的经纬网格,总计294个,依据地形、植被和弄蝶分布的特点将294个网格进一步汇总为28个大小和形状不一的区域,采用特有性简约分析方法进行分析。【结果】中国弄蝶的分布包括10个主要区,即中部地区(B1)、南部地区(B2)、台湾地区(B3)、中北部地区(C2)、西部地区(C3)、北部地区(D2)、秦巴山区(D3)、东北地区(D4)、西南地区(E1)和西藏地区(E2),其中台湾和西藏分别自成一支。通过比对地质板块与弄蝶的分布格局,表明弄蝶主要分布在秦巴山区、藏东南地区、喜马拉雅山东段南坡、黄河和长江中下游地区以及南部地区。中国弄蝶的分布区与中国动物地理区划的对比结果显示,两者有5个区基本相符,分别为中部地区(B1)、南部地区(B2)、西部地区(C3)、北部地区(D2)和东北地区(D4)。【结论】中国弄蝶的分布区和中国地质省区的划分基本吻合。     

西藏园林植物资源数据库检索系统的构建

为合理有序地保护、开发利用和管理西藏野生园林植物资源,采用Visual Basic、MS Access、MS Excel等软件进行了数据库检索系统的开发,并由Setup Factory制作安装程序,构建了能够在Windows 98以上操作系统中通过可视化界面进行独立安装、运行的西藏园林植物资源数据库检索系统。该系统采用...     

Raising tibet

Thermochronologic, sedimentologic, oceanographic, and paleoclimatic studies suggest that rapid uplift and unroofing of southern Tibet began about 20 million years ago and that the present elevation of much of the Tibetan plateau was attained by about 8 million years ago. Hypotheses advanced to explain the tectonic evolution of the India-Asia collision, which began about 40 to 50 million years ago, predict the timing and rates of crustal thickening of the southern margin of Asia. However, these models do not predict the prominently enhanced early Miocene denudation and uplift that are manifested in a variety of geological records. A model involving continental extrusion, development of a crustal-scale thrust ramp of the Main Central Thrust beneath the Gangdese belt, and lithospheric delamination provides a history consistent with these observations.     

Precambrian rift: genesis of strata-bound ore deposits

Study of deep seismic reflections has detected a Precambrian rift valley below flat-lying sediments in southern Alberta. The anomalous magnetic and gravity trends show that the rift is continuous across Alberta and British Columbia (through the Kimberley lead-zinc field) and possibly the Coeur d'Alene mining district of Idaho. There is evidence that these ore bodies were deposited in a Precambrian rift under conditions similar to those prevailing in the hot-brine areas of the modern Red Sea.     

西藏南部光肩星天牛发生情况调查报告

2002年8月，在对西藏南部进行林木考察时，首次发现了光肩星天牛(Anoplophora glabripennis Motsch.)在林芝、拉萨、日喀则等地危害多种林木，并在当地见到了该虫的活虫道、羽化孔和产卵的被害状。当前光肩星天牛还处于潜伏期，应引起足够重视，防患于未然。     

Mantle discontinuity structure beneath the southern east pacific rise from P-to-S converted phases

Receiver functions derived from teleseismic body waves recorded by ocean-bottom seismometers on the southern East Pacific Rise reveal shear waves converted from compressional waves at the mantle discontinuities near 410- and 660-kilometer depth. The thickness of the mantle transition zone between the two discontinuities is normal relative to the global average and indicates that upwelling beneath the southern East Pacific Rise is not associated with an excess temperature in the mantle transition zone.     

藏东南忍冬属植物分布格局及其系统演化

藏东南是忍冬属植物种类比较丰富的地区之一,其种类约占全国的24%,世界的12%。基于对藏东南分布的忍冬属植物资源资料进行系统的整理和研究现状综述,编制了藏东南忍冬属植物1亚属4组9亚组24种1亚种6变种2变型分组分种检索表,对比分析了各个种的表型特征和分布规律及其主要影响因子,并论证了该属植物的演化与青藏高原隆升的关系。发现忍冬属植物在该区域的分布从西北部到东南部、高海拔到低海拔,其生活型呈现了由"灌木—灌木小乔木—藤本和落叶—落叶半常绿—常绿"的过渡,海拔和降水是影响该属植物在该地区分布的主要生态因素;在海拔2 000~3 500 m和年降水量800~1 200 mm之间该属植物丰富度最高;在该地区分布的4个组中,囊管组的大苞亚组、紫花亚组、短冠亚组、红花亚组、蓝果亚组、郁香亚组以及空枝组的赭黄花亚组、直管组的杯苞亚组在藏东南分布都较广,唯独只有一个缠绕亚组的忍冬组,仅出现于气候偏暖湿的墨脱、察隅及波密南部,分布较为狭窄,与该组植物在系统发育上的原始性和该地区复杂生境的"避难所"作用有关。     

The kangmar dome: a metamorphic core complex in southern xizang (tibet)

The Kangmar metamorphic-igneous complex is one of the most accessible examples of an enigmatic group of gneiss domes (the North Himalayan belt) that lies midway between the Greater Himalaya and the Indus-Tsangpo suture in southern Tibet. Structural analysis suggests that the domal structure formed as a consequence of extensional deformation, much like the Tertiary metamorphic core complexes in the North American Cordillera. Unlike its North American counterparts, the Kangmar dome developed in an entirely convergent tectonic setting. The documentation of metamorphic core complexes in the Himalayan orogen supports the emerging concept that extensional processes may play an important role in the evolution of compressional mountain belts.     

南梅北引说梅花

梅花原产于我国西藏、长江流域至台湾岛屿,为我国冬末暮春观花的主要植物。通过南花北引、抗寒能力的驯化、栽培、繁育和现代园林的应用,发掘梅文化,带动旅游产业与国花评选。     

Earthquakes beneath the Himalayas and Tibet: evidence for strong lithospheric mantle

Eleven intracontinental earthquakes, with magnitudes ranging from 4.9 to 6, occurred in the mantle beneath the western Himalayan syntaxis, the western Kunlun Mountains, and southern Tibet (near Xigaze) between 1963 and 1999. High-resolution seismic waveforms show that some focal depths exceeded 100 kilometers, indicating that these earthquakes occurred in the mantle portion of the lithosphere, even though the crust has been thickened there. The occurrence of earthquakes in the mantle beneath continental regions where the subduction of oceanic lithosphere ceased tens of millions years ago indicates that the mantle lithosphere is sufficiently strong to accumulate elastic strain.