基于WT-CNN-LSTM的溶解氧含量预测模型

溶解氧（Dissolved oxygen, DO）含量是影响水产养殖产量的重要因素之一,具有时序性、不稳定性和非线性等特点,且其影响因子过多、存在复杂的耦合关系,难以实现精准预测。针对传统长短时记忆神经网络（Long short term memory, LSTM）预测模型易引入冗余数据,且在训练过长序列时会出现梯度消失现象,从而不能捕捉因子间长期的依赖性问题,提出了基于小波变换（Wavelet transform, WT）、卷积神经网络（Convolutional neural network, CNN）和LSTM的溶解氧含量预测模型。首先,使用WT降低数据噪声;然后,使用CNN深度挖掘各变量之间的潜在关系;最后,利用LSTM的时序性预测2h后的水产养殖溶解氧含量。结果表明,本文提出的WT-CNN-LSTM模型预测效果良好,其平均绝对误差、均方根误差和决定系数分别为0.138、0.229和0.954,比传统LSTM模型分别优化了28.87%、21.03%和4.61%。     

基于长短时记忆网络（LSTM）的蟹塘溶解氧估算优化方法

水中溶解氧含量低会影响螃蟹的成活率,保证低溶解氧时刻溶解氧的预测精度非常重要。目前,溶解氧传感器价格昂贵且易遭受腐蚀,因此通过相关变量来间接估计溶解氧浓度有重要的意义。本研究在长短时记忆网络（LSTM）模型的基础上,优化LSTM反向传播时的损失函数,提出了提高低溶解氧含量估算精度的溶解氧预测模型（LDO-LSTM）。LDO-LSTM的损失函数是在平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）基础上,根据溶解氧值的变化趋势和溶解氧浓度大小,分别赋予不同权值的权重函数,并通过均方根误差（RMSE）和平均绝对百分比误差（MAPE）来评估LDO-LSTM和LSTM在不同范围的溶解氧估算能力。对模型的测试试验结果表明：在溶解氧高于6mg/L时,LDO-LSTM和LSTM的RMSE、MAPE差值稳定在0.1左右;在溶解氧低于6mg/L时,LDO-LSTM的RMSE值和MAPE值分别比LSTM低0.25和0.139,说明了LDO-LSTM网络不但可以保证整体溶氧预测精度,而且能够提高较低溶解氧值的估算精度。本研究对于降低水产养殖成本、提高溶解氧估算精度有着重要的作用。     

基于建模预测与关系规则的养殖水体溶解氧含量调控方法

为了保证养殖水体溶解氧充足,水产养殖普遍采用全天大功率开启增氧机的生产方式,这造成了很大的能源消耗。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于建模预测与关系规则库的溶解氧调控方法,首先构建了一种自适应增强的粒子群优化极限学习机预测模型（AdaBoost-PSO-ELM）,实现溶解氧含量的准确预测;然后进行增氧预实验,采用曲面拟合方法对溶解氧初始含量、曝气流量和增氧机开启时间之间的作用关系进行精确量化,构建关系规则库;最后专家系统基于溶解氧含量预测值,调用已建立的关系规则库,合理控制增氧机的开启功率与时间。与其它常规的预测模型相比,AdaBoost-PSO-ELM模型的MSE、MAE和RMSE均为最优,分别为0.0055mg2/L2、0.0531mg/L、0.0745mg/L,可以实现溶解氧的准确预测。增氧实验结果表明,基于三次多项式的先验方程能够对〖JP2〗溶解氧初始含量、曝气流量和增氧机开启时间之间非线性关系进行准确量化,拟合R2均在0.99以上。由此可知,基于量化结果所构建的规则库与预测模型相结合能够合理控制增氧机的开启功率与时间,节省电能和提高养殖效率。     

基于SSA-LSTM的日光温室环境预测模型研究

构建日光温室环境预测模型,准确预测温室环境变化有助于精准调控作物生长环境,促进果蔬生长。而温室小气候环境数据多参数并存、耦合关系复杂,且具有时序性和非线性,难以建立准确的预测模型。针对以上问题,提出一种基于麻雀搜索算法(SSA)优化的长短期记忆网络(LSTM)温室环境预测模型,实现了温室环境数据的精准预测。实验结果表明,采用SSA自动进行参数选优的方式,解决了LSTM模型参数手动选择的难题,大幅缩短模型训练时间,且最优的网络参数能够发挥模型的最佳性能。对日光温室内空气温湿度、土壤温湿度、CO₂浓度和光照强度6种环境参数进行预测,SSA-LSTM平均拟合指数高达97.6%,相比BP、门控循环单元(GRU)、LSTM,其预测拟合指数分别提升8.1、4.1、4.3个百分点,预测精度明显提升。     

基于物联网的浮标水质监测系统与溶解氧浓度预测模型

为促进近海养殖业信息化发展,更好地实现对近海养殖环境的监控,设计了基于浮标平台的环境监测系统。利用STM32L475微控制器定时采集光照、温度、pH值、溶解氧浓度等信息,通过物联网技术将数据传输至云监测平台,实现了多区域环境信息远程监测和多终端访问。提出了改进遗传算法BP神经网络的溶解氧浓度预测模型,实现对近海养殖环境的预测;根据所采集的数据,利用改进遗传算法对初始权重和阈值进行优化得到最优参数,在此基础上构建BP神经网络溶解氧浓度预测模型。通过试验验证了该系统海洋环境信息采集的准确性与可靠性,以及溶解氧浓度预测模型的有效性;与传统遗传算法BP神经网络预测模型相比,平均误差由0.0778mg/L降至0.0178mg/L,能够满足近海养殖的实际需求。     

基于建模预测与关系规则的养殖水体溶解氧含量调控方法

为了保证养殖水体溶解氧充足,水产养殖普遍采用全天大功率开启增氧机的生产方式,这造成了很大的能源消耗。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种基于建模预测与关系规则库的溶解氧调控方法,首先构建了一种自适应增强的粒子群优化极限学习机预测模型（AdaBoost-PSO-ELM）,实现溶解氧含量的准确预测;然后进行增氧预实验,采用曲面拟合方法对溶解氧初始含量、曝气流量和增氧机开启时间之间的作用关系进行精确量化,构建关系规则库;最后专家系统基于溶解氧含量预测值,调用已建立的关系规则库,合理控制增氧机的开启功率与时间。与其它常规的预测模型相比,AdaBoost-PSO-ELM模型的MSE、MAE和RMSE均为最优,分别为0.005 5 mg²/L²、0.053 1 mg/L、0.074 5 mg/L,可以实现溶解氧的准确预测。增氧实验结果表明,基于三次多项式的先验方程能够对溶解氧初始含量、曝气流量和增氧机开启时间之间非线性关系进行准确量化,拟合R²均在0.99以上。由此可知,基于量化结果所构建的规则库与预测模型相结合能够合理控制增氧机的开启功率...     

基于神经网络算法的果树需水预测研究

【目的】准确预测果树需水量。【方法】对采集地果园环境数据进行主成分分析,筛选出影响果树蒸腾量的关键因子。建立以长短时记忆(LSTM)神经网络为基础的预测模型来预测果树蒸腾量。为提高预测的精度,在LSTM神经网络的基础上加入了注意力(Attention)机制,形成Attention-LSTM预测模型。【结果】将改进的模型与其他模型的预测精度进行对比,仿真试验表明,该模型的预测精度最高,RMSE和MSE分别为0.487和0.062。【结论】该预测模型可以准确预测果树蒸腾量,从而实现果园精准灌溉并提高水果产量,具有一定的实际意义。     

基于长短期记忆神经网络模型的地下水水位预测研究

利用长短期记忆神经网络(LSTM)构建地下水水位预测模型,解决了传统神经网络预测模型处理时序数据时未考虑时间序列的问题,同时采用多影响变量输入的方式弥补了简单时序模型处理数据时过于依赖时间的缺点。以泰安市岱岳区满庄镇姜家园村046J地下水位监测井为例,采用2001-2016年的监测资料与相关气候数据,利用长短期记忆神经网络构建了地下水水位预测模型,以控制变量的方法确定最优参数,对该井的地下水水位进行了预测,并与单变量LSTM神经网络、BP神经网络预测模型作对比。研究结果表明:基于多变量输入的LSTM神经网络模型能够通过少量历史数据准确的预测未来地下水水位变化情况,特别是在一些资料匮乏的地区,预测误差要显著低于参与对比的预测模型,预测均方根误差仅为2.052。因此,基于多变量的LSTM神经网络模型能够作为简单有效的地下水水位预测工具,为区域水资源管理提供一定的参考。     

虾稻共作田虾沟溶解氧和pH值对小龙虾产量的影响

为探究虾稻共作中虾沟中溶解氧和pH值的变化规律及其对小龙虾产量的影响,在湖北荆州市丫角村开展了虾稻共作田的虾沟水质监测与虾产量试验。试验以2019年和2020年虾稻共生期7-9月为主要观测期,对9块虾稻田进行了虾沟中溶解氧含量、pH值的监测。通过试验得出结论：虾稻共作田溶解氧的含量和虾沟中水生植物、降雨、人工处理措施有关。虾沟中浮萍过多、长历时暴雨会降低虾沟中溶解氧的含量。小龙虾的产量与溶解氧含量整体呈正相关关系,当溶解氧低于2 mg/L时,小龙虾产量下降明显。虾沟中pH值总体在7.3～8.4之间变化,2020年虾沟的平均pH值低于2019年。通过与产量进行对比,当pH在7.7左右波动时,小龙虾平均产量处于较高水平。     

基于EMD-LSTM的猪舍氨气浓度预测研究

为提高猪舍氨气浓度预测的精度和效率,提出了基于经验模态分解和长短时记忆神经网络(EMD-LSTM)的猪舍氨气浓度预测模型。首先,将猪舍氨气浓度时间序列数据进行经验模态分解,得到不同时间尺度下的固有模态分量(IMF);然后,对IMF建立LSTM氨气浓度预测模型;最后,将各分量的预测结果相加求和作为猪舍氨气浓度的最终预测值。将本文提出的预测模型应用于江苏省宜兴市实验基地某养猪场的氨气浓度预测中,并与Elman模型、循环神经网络(RNN)模型、LSTM模型和EMD-LSTM模型进行了对比实验,结果表明,基于EMD-LSTM模型的预测精度较高,预测结果与真实值相比较,平均绝对误差、平均绝对百分误差和均方根误差为0. 072 3 mg/m~3、0. 6257%和0. 094 5 mg/m~3。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。