雌性成体点篮子鱼不同组织的脂肪酸组成分析

测定和比较了性腺发育至Ⅲ期的雌性成体点篮子鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵巢组织中总脂含量及其脂肪酸组成。结果表明:(1)肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的总脂含量分别为(2.79±0.15)%、(12.78±1.30)%和(2.85±0.17)%。肌肉与卵巢间总脂含量差异不显著(P>0.05),肝脏总脂含量约为肌肉和卵巢总脂含量的6倍,呈显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)肝脏中SFA总量明显高于肌肉和卵巢,3种组织中SFA含量呈显著性差异(P<0.05)。单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)中,C18∶1ω9 c1(顺式)在3种组织中含量最高,肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的含量分别为21.86%、23.66%和23.96%,肝脏与卵巢间无显著差异(P>0.05),而与肌肉间差异显著(P<0.05);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、3PUFA和6PUFA在卵巢中含量最高,其次是肌肉,肝脏中含量最低,且三者之间的差异显著(P<0.05)。     

长江口雌性成体纹缟虾虎鱼不同组织的脂肪酸组成分析

实验测定和比较了性腺发育至Ⅴ期的雌性成体纹缟虾虎鱼的肌肉、肝脏和卵巢组织中水分、总脂含量及其脂肪酸组成。结果表明: (1) 肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的水分含量依次降低, 且差异显著(P<0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的总脂含量分别为1.32%±0.08%、7.75%±0.38%和26.73%±0.59%。3种组织间的总脂含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 其中卵巢中总脂含量最高, 其次为肝脏中的含量, 肌肉中含量最低。(2) 肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量明显高于肝脏和卵巢, 3种组织中SFA含量呈显著性差异(P<0.05); 肝脏中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)C 16:1含量最高,肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中的含量分别为11.90%±0.71%、15.28%±2.42%和9.49%±0.37%, 3种组织间含量呈显著性差异(P<0.05); 多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)、w3PUFA和w6PUFA在卵巢中的含量显著高于肌肉和肝脏中含量 (P<0.05), 而肌肉和肝脏间的差异不显著 (P>0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的总量依次升高, 在3种组织间的含量分别为30.17%±1.02%、30.53%±0.50%和34.33%±0.71%, 卵巢中的含量显著高于肌肉和肝脏中的含量(P<0.05), 而后两者间的差异不显著 (P>0.05)。3种组织中DHA/EPA的比值分别为1.50、1.75和1.59, w3PUFA/∑w6PUFA的比值分别为6.44、8.05和7.00。DHA/EPA和w3PUFA/∑w6PUFA均在肝脏中最高, 其次为卵巢, 肌肉中最低。     

长江下游雌性刀鲚生殖洄游过程中脂肪酸含量及其组分的变化

为阐明长江刀鲚体内脂肪酸在生殖洄游过程中的转化规律,本研究采用三氟化硼甲酯化法对采自长江下游不同发育时期(Ⅲ～Ⅴ期)的雌性刀鲚洄游群体的脂肪酸进行测定,对各类脂肪酸在卵巢、肌肉和肝胰腺的组成及其含量变化作了分析。结果显示,雌性刀鲚从Ⅲ期发育至Ⅴ期,卵巢总脂肪酸含量上升了148.89 mg/g,而肌肉和肝胰腺总脂肪酸含量则分别下降了109.57和160.58 mg/g。不同发育时期,卵巢、肌肉和肝胰腺的脂肪酸组成基本相同,均含有3大类24种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)9种、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)6种和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)9种。所有脂肪酸中,以油酸(C18:1n9c)的含量最高,占各组织脂肪酸总量的18%以上。分析发现,在Ⅲ期至Ⅴ期发育过程中,雌性刀鲚肌肉中的C18:1n9c下降了86.36%,卵巢中则增加了2.62倍;必需脂肪酸C18:2n6和C18:3n3在肌肉中分别下降了74.00%和82.26%,但在卵巢中分别增加了225.87%和183.96%;肌肉中DHA (C22:6n3,二十二碳六烯酸)含量减少了2.6倍,而卵巢中却增加了近3倍,表明这些脂肪酸与繁殖活动的关系很密切。研究还发现,Ⅳ期和Ⅴ期卵巢中ARA (C20:4n6,花生四烯酸)/EPA (C20:5n3,二十碳五烯酸)的比值均小于0.46,可能预示着长江刀鲚有较好的卵子质量。     

不同配合饲料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、肌肉营养组成及抗氧化酶活性的影响

为了解不同配合饲料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、肌肉营养及抗氧化酶活性的影响,选用3种市售的甲鱼粉状配合饲料幼甲料(CX组)、甲鱼粉状配合饲料稚甲料(HH组)和鱼苗专用微粒饲料(SS组)分别饲养刀鲚79 d,分析和比较3个组刀鲚幼鱼的生长、成活率、肌肉营养及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)、谷胱甘肽-过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH-PX)活性。结果显示,HH组和CX组幼鱼的增重率、增长率、体长和体质量的特定生长率以及成活率均显著高于SS组(P<0.05)；3个组幼鱼的体长和体质量的增长从试验第16 d开始分化,且均为HH组>CX组>SS组。CX组和HH组刀鲚肌肉中的水分含量显著高于SS组(P<0.05)；HH组刀鲚肌肉中灰分含量显著低于CX和SS组(P<0.05)；HH和SS组刀鲚肌肉中的粗脂肪含量显著高于CX组(P<0.05)；3个组刀鲚肌肉中的粗蛋白质含量不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。CX和SS组刀鲚肝脏中SOD和CAT的活性显著高于HH组(P<0.05)；3个组刀鲚肝脏中GSH-PX的活性不存在显著性差异(P>0.05)。研究表明,刀鲚能摄食配合饲料,不同配合饲料对刀鲚幼鱼生长、肌肉营养组成及肝脏中抗氧化酶活性影响显著。     

闽东海域繁殖期雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼不同组织的脂肪酸组成分析

为获知棘头梅童鱼亲鱼性腺发育后期脂类及脂肪酸蓄积特点,采用内标定量法,对性腺发育至Ⅳ期的雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵巢组织中的脂肪及脂肪酸含量进行了测定,并比较分析了3种组织中的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼卵巢、肝脏和肌肉中脂肪的质量分数分别为(4.84±0.05)%、(2.66±0.05)%和(0.56±0.05)%,不同组织间具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。雌性棘头梅童鱼亲鱼的卵巢、肌肉和肝脏中分别检出29种脂肪酸,含量最高的饱和脂肪酸依次为C16∶0、C18∶0和C14∶0;含量最高的单不饱和脂肪酸依次为C16∶1、C18∶1n9c和C20∶1;含量最高的多不饱和脂肪酸依次为C22∶6n3(DHA)、C20∶5n3(EPA)和C20∶4n6(ARA)。从相对含量来看,肌肉中饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为(58.22±0.24)%,显著高于肝脏(52.71±0.24)%和卵巢(36.42±0.24)%(P<0.05);卵巢中单不饱和脂肪酸的质量分数为(23.78±0.09)%,显著高于肌肉(16.15±0.07)%和肝脏(10.79±0.05)%(P<0.05);卵巢中多不饱和脂肪酸质量分数为(39.79±0.19)%,显著高于肝脏(36.49±0.21) %和肌肉(25.63±0.19)%(P<0.05)。肌肉、肝脏和卵巢中EPA和DHA的总量依次升高,质量分数分别为(19.34±0.15)%、(26.59±0.16)%和(27.78±0.13)%。卵巢、肝脏和肌肉组织中的DHA/EPA分别为1.95、2.28和1.89,n-3系和n-6系多不饱和脂肪酸的比值分别为3.29、3.81和6.25。     

野生与人工养殖牙鲆亲鱼不同组织脂肪酸的比较

为研究脂肪酸对牙鲆繁育性能的影响, 采用生物化学方法, 对野生和养殖牙鲆亲鱼肌肉、肝脏及卵中脂肪酸组成分别进行测定。结果表明: (1) 牙鲆肌肉、肝脏和卵中脂肪含量大小关系为肝脏>卵>肌肉。野生亲鱼肌肉和卵中脂肪含量显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 肝脏脂肪含量与养殖亲鱼无显著差异; (2) 牙鲆亲鱼3种组织中均检测出21种脂肪酸。野生亲鱼肌肉中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)与养殖亲鱼无显著差异, 单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05)。肝脏和卵中SFA显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), MUFA与养殖亲鱼无显著差异; (3) 野生亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵中高不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量, 尤其是肝脏和卵中C20:5n-3(EPA)、C22:6n-3(DHA)的含量均显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 但肌肉和卵中的C20:4n-6(ARA)含量明显高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05); (4) 野生牙鲆亲鱼肌肉、肝脏和卵中n-3/n-6 PUFA及EPA/ARA显著低于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 肝脏中DHA/EPA显著高于养殖亲鱼(P<0.05), 但野生亲鱼肌肉和卵中的DHA/EPA与养殖亲鱼无显著差异。比较结果说明, DHA、EPA和ARA等PUFA是与牙鲆繁殖性能密切相关的重要脂肪酸。在牙鲆亲鱼养殖过程中, 除了提供牙鲆亲鱼足够的脂肪酸营养外, 也应注意各种脂肪酸, 尤其是PUFA中各种脂肪酸之间的添加比例, 从而保证亲鱼的繁殖性能及卵和仔鱼的质量。     

从体内脂肪的转移过程探讨凤鲚和刀鲚溯河产卵洄游距离的差异性

为探讨凤鲚和刀鲚溯河产卵洄游距离差异的可能原因,本研究从雌性繁殖群体体内脂肪储备和转移的角度,对这两个近缘种进行了分析。对凤鲚的研究结果显示,到达产卵场的个体中,5月份个体的体长、体质量和肌肉脂肪含量均显著大于6、7、8月份的个体,表明个体大、肌肉脂肪积累多的个体较早地完成了生殖洄游过程。与同一发育时期的刀鲚相比,凤鲚的平均肝体指数相对较大,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期卵巢指数GSI高出约5倍。表明在繁殖季节,凤鲚体内更多的能量集中到卵巢及更容易被转移的器官。脂肪含量分析显示,凤鲚的肌肉和肝脏脂肪含量分别约是刀鲚相同发育阶段脂肪含量的1/3和1/2,但卵巢脂肪含量则相反。表明凤鲚将更多的脂肪积聚在繁殖器官中,而刀鲚则主要积聚在运动器官中。从躯干脂肪总量的变化分析,刀鲚躯干脂肪总量从Ⅱ期的97.73%下降至Ⅳ期的91.02%,凤鲚则从Ⅱ期的91.02%迅速下降至Ⅴ期的34.69%。二者的肝胰脏脂肪含量较稳定,但凤鲚的卵巢脂肪含量要明显地高于刀鲚。研究表明,这种将体内大部分脂肪用于性腺发育,躯干脂肪又很快耗尽的现象,可能是小型短距离溯河产卵洄游鱼类的共有特征。     

三角鲂与团头鲂鱼体营养成分比较分析

对三角鲂与团头鲂鱼体常规养分、氨基酸、脂肪酸和微量元素的组成和含量进行了比较分析。结果表明:三角鲂肥满度极显著低于团头鲂(P<0.01),去内脏比显著高于团头鲂(P<0.05),比肝与肠脂比两指标极显著低于团头鲂(P<0.01);三角鲂肌肉水分和粗蛋白含量显著高于团头鲂(P<0.05),肌肉粗脂肪含量显著低于团头鲂(P<0.05);三角鲂肌肉中必需氨基酸含量、半必需氨基酸含量和氨基酸总量均高于团头鲂肌肉中含量,但两者之间三指标差异均不显著;三角鲂肌肉含高不饱和脂肪酸量较多,其不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的比值明显高于团头鲂;三角鲂肌肉中微量营养元素含量与团头鲂肌肉无显著差异(P>0.05)。     

红罗非和福寿鱼雌性亲鱼不同组织脂肪酸组成分析

Folch法提取红罗非鱼(Oreochromis sp.)和福寿鱼(O.mossambicus×O.niloticus)雌亲鱼不同组织(肌肉、肝胰脏和卵巢)中的脂质,GC法分析脂肪酸组成。结果显示,红罗非鱼和福寿鱼卵巢中总脂含量分别占湿重的16.16%和10.20%,显著高于肝胰脏中的总脂含量(P<0.05),而肝胰脏中的总脂含量又显著高于肌肉(P<0.05)。2种鱼肌肉、肝胰脏和卵巢中共检出18种脂肪酸,主要饱和脂肪酸(SFA)是C14:0、C16:0和C18:0,主要单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)是C16:1和C18:1n-9,主要多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)是C18:2n-6、C20:4n-6(ARA)、C20:5n-3(EPA)和C22:6n-3(DHA)。ARA在福寿鱼肌肉中含量最高(9.16%),显著高于2种试验鱼其他组织中的ARA含量。Σ(EPA+DHA)在红罗非鱼的卵巢和福寿鱼的肌肉、肝胰脏和卵巢中含量高于其它组织(5.09%～7.70%),福寿鱼肌肉中最高(7.70%),卵巢中次之(6.97%)。红罗非鱼肌肉、肝胰脏和卵巢中的ΣPUFA含量均低于福寿鱼相应组织。红罗非鱼与福寿鱼各组织之间n-3/n-6比率变化不显著,但均小于1,为0.12～0.41。红罗非鱼的肝胰脏和卵巢中,脂肪酸含量ΣSFA>ΣMUFA>ΣPUFA;红罗非鱼肌肉、福寿鱼肝胰脏和卵巢中,ΣMUFA>ΣSFA>ΣPUFA;福寿鱼肌肉中,ΣSFA>ΣPUFA>ΣMUFA。     

中草药淫羊藿和菟丝子对日本鳗鲡卵巢发育的影响

在水温(21±1)℃下,给体重(592.5±52.5) g的日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonica)雌亲鱼投喂每千克体重含0.034 g淫羊藿和0.034 g菟丝子浸膏的饲料90 d,对照组投喂人工配合饲料,研究淫羊藿和菟丝子对卵巢发育的影响。结果显示,饲料中添加淫羊藿和菟丝子的雌鱼卵巢大部分卵母细胞属第Ⅱ时相,性腺指数和肝体比均显著高于对照组(P0.05);卵母细胞油滴明显增多,部分卵母细胞胞质已充满油滴,核仁变小增多;血清雌二醇(E2)和11-酮基睾酮(11-KT)水平显著升高(P0.05),实验组11-KT含量约为对照组的4倍;肝脏卵黄蛋白原基因vtg表达量升高,实验组和对照组卵巢cyp19a1仅微量表达,肝脏未检测到erα和erβ的表达;实验组肌肉总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05),最主要的高度不饱和脂肪酸花生四烯酸(AA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)含量均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。本研究表明,在亲鱼培育饲料中添加中草药淫羊藿和菟丝子促进了日本鳗鲡卵母细胞油滴和肝脏卵黄蛋白原增加,提高了肌肉高不饱和脂肪酸的积累,为卵黄生成和卵母细胞进一步发育做好更充分的准备。     

Lipid content and fatty acid composition in female American shad,Alosa sapidissima,at different stages of ovarian development under reared conditions

The fatty acid accumulation in broodstock influences the fecundity of spawners as well as egg quality. A comprehensive understanding of the lipid and fatty acid changes in broodstock during the reproductive period can increase our knowledge of the nutritional requirements in artificial breeding programs. The study assessed the lipid and fatty acid compositions of muscle, liver and ovary of American shad at different stages of reproductive development under reared conditions. The results indicated that there were significant differences in lipid content among ovary, liver and muscle. Mean total lipid levels in ovary, liver and muscle were 15.92%–10.87%, 13.62%–6.89%, 10.39%–6.11% respectively. During the development season, the total lipid content in muscle in stages V and VI were significantly lower than those in stages II and III. The total lipid content in liver in stages IV, V and VI was significantly lower than in stages II and III, whereas the total lipid content in the ovary increased significantly as the gonad developed and reached its highest value at stage V. From II to VI stage, the liver content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) decreased and the ovarian content of DHA increased, whereas the content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) remained relatively constant. The content of C16:0 and C18:1n‐9 decreased in muscle and liver, but significantly increased in ovary. It is therefore suggested that the lipids were preferentially transferred from muscle and liver to ovary beginning in stage IV as the gonad matured. At stage IV, the lipid transfer accelerated, and saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, such as C16:0, C18:1n‐9, DHA, EPA and arachidonic acid, were selectively transferred to and conserved in ovaries.     

不同鲚属鱼类Cyt b和D-loop序列的比较及其判别早期生活史个体的潜力分析

使用mtDNA作为分子标记,基于1022 bp和1322 bp左右的部分序列分析刀鲚(Coilia nasus)、湖鲚(C.nasus taihuensis)、七丝鲚(C.grayii)及凤鲚(C.mystus)成鱼之间的遗传关系。结果显示,刀鲚和湖鲚间的遗传距离分别为0.0036±0.0008和0.0038±0.0008,凤鲚与刀鲚、湖鲚的遗传距离分别为0.1215±0.0111、0.1228±0.0111(Cyt b)和0.1075±0.0108、0.1067±0.0107(D-loop),七丝鲚与刀鲚、湖鲚的遗传距离分别为0.0342±0.0056、0.0351±0.0057(Cyt b)和0.0527±0.0069、0.0529±0.0070(D-loop),七丝鲚和凤鲚间的遗传距离分别为0.1158±0.0111和0.1123±0.0111。用Kimura双参数模型构建的2种序列的NJ分子系统树均显示,湖鲚和刀鲚不能形成独立的分支,而是混合聚在一起形成1个分支;七丝鲚和凤鲚则形成另外2个分支。首先根据采样点不同可初步断定未知仔幼鱼为刀鲚,稚鱼为湖鲚,而后对未知种仔幼鱼、稚鱼和刀、凤鲚鱼卵的2种序列的分析发现,不同采集点内部的这些早期生活个体间的遗传距离分别为0.0024~0.0032和0.0025~0.0082。在Kimura双参数模型构建的NJ分子系统树中,未知种仔幼鱼、稚鱼、刀鲚鱼卵与刀鲚、湖鲚聚为一类,凤鲚鱼卵与凤鲚聚为一支。由此可见,Cyt b基因序列和D-loop序列作为分子标记,虽然可以区分刀鲚、凤鲚以及七丝鲚的仔幼、稚鱼及鱼卵,但不能有效区分湖鲚和刀鲚的早期生活个体。     

闽东海域银鲳亲鱼性腺发育后期脂类及脂肪酸蓄积特点

脂肪和脂肪酸是海水鱼类早期生长发育的重要结构物质和能量来源。亲鱼的脂肪和脂肪酸储备影响其繁殖性能和早期仔鱼的发育。为了获知银鲳亲鱼性腺发育后期脂类及脂肪酸蓄积特点,本研究采用氯仿甲醇法及气相色谱法定量检测了繁殖季节闽东海域野生银鲳亲鱼不同组织的总脂肪及脂肪酸含量。结果表明:亲鱼卵巢、精巢、肝脏和肌肉的总脂肪含量差异显著。卵巢、精巢、肝脏和肌肉的总脂含量分别为:35.76%,15.11%,22.07%和22.14%(占组织干重)。极性脂肪占总脂肪的比例在精巢中最高,其次为肝脏和卵巢,在肌肉中最低。性腺从Ⅳ期发育到Ⅴ期,雌鱼卵巢总脂肪和中性脂肪含量显著增加,雄鱼肌肉极性脂肪含量显著降低。中性脂肪中卵巢的20∶5n-3(EPA,2.25~3.87 mg/g)、22∶6n-3(DHA,6.71~13.03mg/g)和高不饱和脂肪酸(HUFAs,17.20~29.64 mg/g)含量最高,极性脂肪中精巢的EPA(0.38~0.27 mg/g)和DHA(3.12~3.59 mg/g)含量最高。性腺中n-3/n-6比值显著高于肝脏和肌肉中。随着卵巢发育,DHA等必需脂肪酸在雌鱼不同组织及同一组织不同脂肪类别之间存在转移现象。研究表明,银鲳亲鱼各组织的总脂肪含量、总脂肪组成及脂肪酸绝对含量(mg/g干物质)具有组织特异性,随着性腺发育,必需脂肪酸总体上表现为由肌肉和肝脏向性腺中转移,且性腺中脂肪酸的变化主要发生在中性脂肪中。     

刀鲚水通道蛋白1的分子克隆及高盐作用下的表达分析

采用cDNA末端快速扩增技术(Rapid Amplification of cDNA Ends,RACE)克隆获得了刀鲚(Coilia nasus)水通道蛋白1(AQP1)全长cDNA序列。其碱基序列全长为1299 bp,5′端、3′端非翻译区(untranslated regions,UTR)长度分别为107 bp和458 bp,开放阅读框(open reading frame,ORF)长度为777 bp,共编码258个氨基酸。理论等电点是6.13,蛋白分子量为27.1 kD。结构分析表明,刀鲚AQP1具有水通道蛋白家族典型结构特征,包括6个跨膜结构域,2个天冬酰胺-脯氨酸-丙氨酸(NPA)特征序列,同时还具有AQP1抑制剂含汞化合物的半胱氨酸结合位点。序列同源性及系统进化分析表明,其与同属鲱形目的大西洋鲱的同源性最高(93%),并且与其聚为一支。实时荧光定量分析结果表明,刀鲚AQP1基因在多种组织中有表达,包括脑、鳃、肝、前肠、后肠、中肾、肌肉。高盐度作用后,AQP1在渗透调节作用关键组织鳃、中肾、肠中的表达水平有显著差异(P0.05),体现了AQP1在刀鲚渗透调节中的重要作用。本研究结果可为今后进一步探讨刀鲚渗透调节相关基因的调控机制提供理论参考。     

Characteristics and Functional Properties of Ovary from Squid Loligo Formosana

The characteristics and functional properties of the ovary from Loligo formosana were studied. Moisture (72.07 ± 0.24%) was dominant, followed by protein (18.64 ± 0.51%) and carbohydrate (7.44 ± 0.2%). Ash (1.39 ± 0.03%) and lipids (0.46 ± 0.5%) were found as the minor constituents. Albumin (79.02 ± 0.79%) was the major protein of the squid ovary, followed by glutelin-1 (8.31 ± 0.62%) and globulin (6.68 ± 0.08%). Nevertheless, prolamin and glutelin-2 constituted approximately 1% of the total proteins. Based on the electrophoretic studies, albumin had the largest band intensity. The squid ovary was rich in non-essential amino acids (52.26%) and high in hydrophobic amino acids (48.03%). It was also rich in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, 43.76 ± 0.84%), followed by saturated fatty acid (SFA, 39.36 ± 0.12%) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, 12.94 ± 0.55%). Ovary lipids had a high amount of docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) (28.59%). At pH 3, the squid ovary powder (SOP) had the maximum solubility (96.39%), whereas the lowest solubility (38.33%) was observed at pH 9. The foaming capacity and stability of SOP were increased with increasing concentration up to 8% (p < 0.05). The globulin fraction showed the higher foaming capacity, as compared to albumin and glutelin-1 fractions. The squid ovary had good nutritional value and possessed excellent foaming properties. Therefore, the squid ovary could serve as a novel food additive or ingredient.     

The effect of ploidy on the fatty acid profile during the reproductive cycle of female rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss triploids are regularly produced in fish farms to improve growth because the triploid females do not develop ovaries during the reproductive cycle. In this study, the tissue fatty acid allocations in triploid and diploid females were compared during the reproductive cycle to determine whether the ploidy influences the fatty acid profile of fish produced in aquaculture. The ovaries, liver, and white muscle fatty acid contents of diploid and triploid females were analyzed during the reproductive cycle. Diploid females tend to accumulate more polyunsaturated fatty acids than triploids during some phases of the reproductive cycle, and this profile was compensated by an increase in saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in triploid females. Arachidonic acid (C20:4n6) was the main n6 polyunsaturated fatty acid in the ovaries of diploid females during the most advanced phases of the reproductive cycle, and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3) was the main n3 polyunsaturated fatty acid. In triploid females, the percentage of both of these polyunsaturated fatty acids was lower than in diploid females during the most advanced phases of the reproductive cycle. In general, the lack of ovary development altered the hepatic synthesis of some fatty acids, mainly monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreasing the content of the main fatty acids in the white muscle and, consequently, the mobilization of these specific fatty acids to the ovaries.     

Replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil blends in feeds for greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) juveniles: Effect on growth performance,feed efficiency,tissue fatty acid composition and flesh nutritional value

This study was undertaken to assess the effects of fish oil (FO) substitution by a mixture of alternative vegetable oils (VO) on Seriola dumerili culture performance. A 154‐day feeding experiment was conducted using juveniles (39.2 ± 1.6 g average weight). Three isolipidic and isoenergetic meal‐based diets were formulated varying their lipid component. The control diet contained 100% FO (FO100), whereas diets VO50 and VO100 included 1/2 of oil blend and all the oil from blend of palm oil (PO) and linseed oil (LO) as substitute for FO, respectively. Dietary regime did not significantly affect growth performance, biometric indices, feed efficiency, plasma chemistry and liver and muscle lipid contents. Nonetheless, dietary VO inclusion impacted on the fatty acid profile of target tissues, especially in the liver. Fatty acid profiles of the fillets reflected those of the dietary oils except that there was apparent selective utilization of palmitic acid (C16:0) and oleic acid (C18:1n‐9) and apparent selective retention of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n‐3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n‐3). The nutritional value and the potential ability to prevent the development of coronary heart diseases of the flesh lipid fraction decreased with gradual FO substitution.     

中华沙鳅肌肉营养成分分析及营养学评价

采用常规生化分析方法对中华沙鳅(Botia superciliaris Günther)肌肉成分进行了测定。结果表明:中华沙鳅含肉率为(74.89±1.59)%,肌肉(鲜样)中水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪和粗灰分的质量分数分别为(76.65±1.37)%、(20.05±0.87)%、(1.56±0.12)%和(1.34±0.09)%。肌肉中含有18种氨基酸,肌肉(鲜样)中氨基酸、必需氨基酸(EAA)和鲜味氨基酸(DAA)含量分别为(19.42±0.07)%、(8.27±0.08)%和(7.13±0.06)%。肌肉中含有17种脂肪酸,肌肉(干样)中多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为(1.96±0.06)%。     

Partial replacement of fish oil by flaxseed oil in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) diets: effects on growth,nutritional and sensory quality

Three isonitrogenous (520 g protein kg^?1 DM) and isoenergetic (25 MJ kg^?1 DM) diets containing increasing levels of flaxseed oil (FxO; 0%, 40% and 70% of total added oil) at the expense of fish oil (FO) were tested for 33 weeks in groups of 61 individually PIT‐tagged halibut (initial weight, 849 ± 99 g). Effects on fish growth performance, fillet nutritional and sensory quality were determined. Specific growth rate (0.2% day^?1), feed conversion ratio (1.2–1.3) and nitrogen and energy retention were not affected by dietary treatments. Dietary fatty acid composition was reflected in fatty acid profiles of halibut muscle, liver and heart. Muscle of fish fed FxO diets contained higher 18:2n‐6 and 18:3n‐3 concentrations whereas 20:5n‐3 and 22:6n‐3 levels were significantly reduced. However, increasing FO replacement induced preferential retention of 22:6n‐3 especially in heart, and a trend for 20:5n‐3 conservation in heart and muscle was observed. FO replacement did not affect colour, texture and the characteristic fish odour and flavour of cooked fillets. By selectively retaining long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids halibut can adapt to a lower dietary supply without adverse effects on growth, feed conversion ratio, survival, and fillet nutritional and sensory quality.