水体钙离子质量浓度对褐牙鲆幼鱼鱼体和耳石元素成分的影响

在盐度30和水温20 ℃条件下,分别配制钙离子ρ（Ca2＋）质量浓度为200 mg·L-1（A组）、400 mg·L-1（B组,对照）、800 mg·L-1（C组）、1 600 mg·L-1（D组）和3 000 mg·L-1（E组）的人工海水,研究了水体ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）幼鱼鱼体和耳石元素成分的影响。经60 d养殖发现褐牙鲆鱼体中仅钙（Ca）、锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）质量分数差异不显著（P〉0.05）;鱼体中磷（P）、钠（Na）、镁（Mg）、锶（Sr）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）和镍（Ni）质量分数随水体ρ（Ca2＋）的增加而下降。不同ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆幼鱼耳石长、宽、长宽比和耳石质量影响显著（P〈0.05）。低浓度A组耳石长和耳石宽显著低于B组和C组,A组耳石长宽比（L/W）显著低于D组,A组的耳石质量显著低于B组和D组（P〈0.05）。其中w（Sr）随ρ（Ca2＋）的增加显著下降,锶/钙（Sr/Ca）比、镁/钙（Mg/Ca）比随ρ（Ca2＋）增加而下降。结果表明,水体ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆鱼体成分、耳石形成及组分产生明显影响,ρ（Ca2＋）能够影响鱼体和耳石元素的累积。     

Effect of arachidonic acid levels in broodstock diet on larval and egg quality of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus

This study investigated the effect of dietary arachidonic acid (AA) in broodstock of Japanese flounder on subsequent egg and larval quality. Diets with similar proximate composition and n-3 HUFA level, but with different AA levels (0.1%, 0.6% and 1.2% of diet), were fed to the broodstock from 3 months before and during the spawning season. Spawning was observed from March to May. Total egg production over the spawning season was highest in fish fed the 0.6% AA diet and lowest in fish fed the 1.2% AA diet. All parameters measured as egg quality (percentage of buoyant eggs, hatching rate, larval survival and normality of larvae.) were highest in fish fed the 0.6% AA diet. AA content in eggs proportionally increased with the dietary AA level. EPA content of polar lipids of eggs had a negative correlation with the AA level in diets whereas the DHA content was independent of dietary AA. The results of this study indicate that a supplement of AA at 0.6 g/100 g diet improved the reproductive performance of Japanese flounder, but a higher level of AA (1.2 g/100 g diet) negatively affected both egg and larval quality due to a potential inhibitory effect on EPA bioconversion.     

Supplemental effect of vitamin A in diet on the reproductive performance and egg quality of the Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (T & S)

This study investigated supplemental effects of vitamin A in diet on reproduction of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (T & S). Broodstock were fed either a non‐supplemented diet (control diet; CD) or a vitamin A‐supplemented diet (supplemental diet; SD) 1 month before and during the spawning season. Both dietary groups began to spawn in mid‐January. At the beginning of spawning, no notable differences were found in spawning or egg quality between treatments. Egg production of the CD broodstock began to decrease from mid‐April and spawning stopped in late May, whereas the SD group continued to spawn until the end of June. Buoyant egg rate of the CD group was lower than that of the SD group throughout the spawning period. Hatching rate was not different between the CD and SD groups. The percentage of normal larvae in the CD group was significantly lower than in the SD group. It is concluded that a low vitamin A content in the diet has some negative effects on reproduction of flounder. The importance of supplementation of vitamin A in broodstock diet of the Japanese flounder is suggested.     

高植物蛋白饲料中以低分子水解蛋白替代鱼粉对牙鲆生长性能及非特异性免疫的影响

以初始平均体重为38.80±0.11g的牙鲆Paralichth ys olivaceus为实验对象,研究在高植物蛋白饲料中用低分子水解蛋白替代鱼粉对牙鲆生长、饲料利用及非特异性免疫指标的影响.分别以不同水解鱼蛋白替代总蛋白的0(FM1为负对照,含豆粕55％、鱼粉19％)、0(FM2为正对照,含豆粕45％、鱼粉25％)、11％(FPH11)、16％(FPH16)、21％ (FPH21)、26％ (FPH26)制得7组等氮等能饲料.实验结果表明,用低分子水解鱼蛋白替代总蛋白11％组的特定生长率显著高于负对照组(P＜0.05),且与正对照组无显著性差异(P＞0.05);FPH11、FPH16、FPH21和FPH26组的摄食率显著高于负对照组(P＜0.05);替代总蛋白11％组的蛋白沉积率显著高于负对照组(P＜0.05),与正对照组相等(P＞0.05);替代水解蛋白各组的蛋白质消化率均显著性高于负对照组(P＜0.05),与正对照组无显著性差异(P＞0.05);替代水解蛋白各组的SOD活力都显著高于负对照组(P＜0.05),且替代总蛋白11％组显著性高于正对照组;FPH6、FPH11、FPH16组的总抗氧化能力显著高于负对照组但显著低于正对照组(P＜0.05).     

营养强化的轮虫、卤虫对牙鲆仔鱼的成活、生长及体脂肪酸组成的影响

用3种营养强化剂强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,研究牙鲆仔鱼的生长、成活、体脂肪酸的组成。结果表明:用强化的轮虫和卤虫无节幼体投喂牙鲆仔鱼,成活率、增重均显著高于对照组(p<0 01),其中V号强化剂的效果最好,成活率为29 34%,比对照组提高100%;增重倍数为217 90,比对照组提高68 61%;这是由于V号强化剂强化的卤虫无节幼体体内含有较多的AA的缘故,饵料中AA含量的提高,可以提高牙鲆仔鱼的成活率、促进其生长。牙鲆摄食强化过的轮虫、卤虫无节幼体后,其EPA、DHA、n-3HUFA、PUFA的含量随着饵料中含量的升高而升高,这也是牙鲆仔鱼生长速度和成活率提高的重要因素之一。     

Effect of calcium and magnesium hardness on acute copper toxicity to Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and catfish, Channa punctatus (Bloch)

Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of calcium and magnesium hardness on the acute toxicity of copper sulphate to Indian major carp, rohu (Labeo rohita, Hamilton) fingerlings and juvenile catfish (Channa punctatus, Bloch) in medium alkalinity experiments. A preliminary bioassay determined the 96 h LC₅₀ of copper sulphate to be 0.56 mg L^?1 for L. rohita fingerlings and 11.78 mg L^?1 for juvenile C. punctatus placed in water with calcium hardness and total alkalinity set at 100 mg L^?1 CaCO₃. In the first experiment, rohu were exposed to 0.56 mg L^?1 copper sulphate in environments where calcium hardness was varied from 50 to 350 mg L^?1 CaCO₃ and total alkalinity was 100 mg L^?1 CaCO₃. As calcium hardness increased, copper‐induced rohu mortalities decreased significantly from 90% at 50 mg L^?1 CaCO₃ to 7% at 350 mg L^?1 CaCO₃. In the second experiment, rohu were exposed to 0.56 mg L^?1 copper sulphate in environments where magnesium hardness was varied from 50 to 350 mg L^?1 CaCO₃ with total alkalinity set at 100 mg L^?1 CaCO₃. Hundred percent mortality was observed in magnesium‐based hardness treatments. In the third experiment, catfish were exposed to 11.78 mg L^?1 copper sulphate in environments where calcium hardness was varied from 50 to 400 mg L^?1 and total alkalinity was 100 mg L^?1 CaCO₃. As calcium hardness increased, copper‐induced catfish mortalities decreased significantly from 90% at 50 mg L^?1 CaCO₃ to 4% at 400 mg L^?1 CaCO₃. In the fourth experiment, catfish were exposed to 11.78 mg L^?1 copper sulphate in environments where magnesium hardness was varied from 50 to 400 mg L^?1 CaCO₃, with total alkalinity set at 100 mg L^?1 CaCO₃. In this case, 100% mortality was also observed in magnesium‐based treatments. Mortality rates in magnesium hardness treatments were consistent with those in the second experiment. These data suggest a calcium‐specific mechanism with respect to acute copper toxicity both in rohu and catfish.     

高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性试验

在海水和半咸水中,用高锰酸钾(KMnO4)对黑鲷幼鱼进行急性毒性试验。结果表明:在海水盐度27.3和半咸水盐度10.4条件下,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼24h的LC50分别为3.41mg/L和4.78mg/L;最高安全使用剂量分别为1.12mg/L和1.68mg/L。半咸水条件下,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼的急性毒性相对较低,因此,高锰酸钾对黑鲷幼鱼进行药物处理比在海水条件下更安全。高锰酸钾引起鱼体组织发生病理变化是暂时的,一旦受试鱼转到无高锰酸钾的清水环境中,鱼体就会恢复正常。     

三种方法处理后养殖海水的浮游生物变化及培水效果

1992年始于福建和粤东、1993年流行于全国沿海地区的大面积对虾暴发性流行病,使我国养殖对虾总产量由1992年的22×104t,锐减到1994年的5×104t,给沿海地区对虾养殖业造成重大损失[1-4]。到2001年,我国对虾产量已经恢复到30×104t,主要得益于广东、海南和广西3省区的对虾养殖得到恢复和发展,而我国其他对虾养殖省区对虾产量仍没有恢复到1992年水平。近年来,我国学者在对虾养殖和病害控制等方面做了大量工作,特别是对虾病毒病的研究取得了显著进展[5-7]。为探寻更有效的对虾健康养殖模式,有效控制病害的暴发流行,笔者在海南莺歌海洋生物技…     

Effect of fish size and temperature on the utilization of different protein sources in two catfish species

Two sets of feeding trial were conducted to determine the effect of size and temperature on the utilization of different protein sources in two catfish species. In both the experiments, the fish were fed to apparent satiation daily at 08.00 and 18.00 hours, and faecal matter collected through slow siphoning. The first experiment was designed to study the effect of fish size on apparent digestibility coefficients for plant and animal proteins in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Three size classes (105–109 g; 780–830 g; 1250– 1300 g) of fish were stocked in triplicate sets of 600‐L plastic pools fitted with a flow‐through system (2 L min^?1). Within each size class, the apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) for protein varied significantly with the source and quality of protein used. Soybean meal and fishmeal protein were utilized with greater efficiency, whereas rice bran protein was least digestible. An increase in ADC protein was apparent with increase in fish size for high protein sources such as soybean meal, full‐fat soybean, laboratory‐prepared fishmeal, steam‐cooked brown fishmeal and dried fish. ADC protein for other ingredients decreased with increase in size. In the second experiment, the influence of varying temperature on ADC for protein was determined in the catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch) (6–8 g). Triplicate groups of 25 fish were kept at three different ambient temperatures (18, 28 and 38 °C), in 70‐L polyvinyl indoor flow‐through (1–1.5 L min^?1) circular tanks (water volume = 55 L). The trend in utilization of protein from different sources remained similar at the three temperatures. For each ingredient, digestibility values obtained at 18 °C were significantly lower than those obtained at 28 °C and 38 °C. Optimal protein utilization in H. fossilis was measured at 28 °C.     

两种培育方法对泥东风螺稚螺生长与存活的影响

本文报道了有底沙与无底沙培育方法对泥东风螺( Babylonia Lutosa)稚螺生长与存活影响的实验结果。以牡蛎为饵料,实验设计3×1042、5×104和7×104 ind/m2三个密度梯度,采用有底沙与无底沙两种方法培育刚变态的泥东风螺稚螺。经35 d培育,有底沙组稚螺壳高、体重的生长速度和存活率都高于无底沙组,壳高生长速度差异显著( P <0．05)。而两种培育方法不同的密度培育结果,密度7×104 ind/m2与3×104 ind/m2和5×104 ind/m2实验组稚螺壳高生长速度差异显著(P<0．05),而3×104 ind/m2与5×104 ind/m2实验组壳高生长速度差异不显著( P>0．05)。随着稚螺的生长其潜沙行为越明显,说明有沙培育更符合其具有的潜埋栖息习性,有利其生长和存活。