兽药乳炎消的一般毒性研究

对兽药乳炎消在小白鼠体内的急性毒性、蓄积毒性与耐受性及局部刺激性进行了研究。采用简化机率单位法求得小白鼠腹腔注射乳炎消的LD50为2428．362mg/kg，根据联合国世界卫生组织推荐外来化合物急性毒性分级标准可知，兽药乳炎消对小白鼠的毒性较低。采用固定剂量连续染毒法，给小白鼠连续腹腔注射乳炎消1－2个月，其蓄积系数大于5，根据评价标准判定，乳炎消在小白鼠体内蓄积作用较弱。将蓄积毒性试验结束时存活的小白鼠用于耐受性试验。结果表明，连续用药，小白鼠能对乳有产生耐受现象。对家兔的眼结膜刺激试验和肌肉刺激试验的结果表明，本药物的刺激性较弱，故该药物可采用肌肉注射法给药。     

速免痢-C注射液的一般毒性研究

报道速免痢－C注射液的急性毒性，蓄积毒性和耐受性的研究。采用改进寇氏法测得速免痢－C注射液的小白鼠腹腔注射LD50为707．95(mg/kg)，LD50的95％可信限范围为788．72－635．44（mg/kg）；蓄积系数为5．3；耐受性试验中试验组与对照组死亡率无显著性差异（P＞0．05）。表明了速免痢－c注射液的毒性低，低蓄积性和无耐受性。     

肠宁(CN)的急性及蓄积毒性试验研究

为了提供中药肠宁(CN)的安全毒理学评价资料,本试验采用改良Karber法测定小白鼠的 LD50＞60 973 mg/kg;在蓄积毒性试验中,小白鼠未表现出蓄积毒性。这说明中药肠宁属于实际无毒 性物质,并无蓄积毒性作用。     

国产硫酸头孢喹肟对小鼠的急性和蓄积毒性研究

为了研究国产硫酸头孢喹肟对昆明小鼠的急性毒性和蓄积毒性,采用改良寇氏法测定国产硫酸头孢喹肟的LD50;以剂量定期递增法计算蓄积系数,并于给药后第21天给予试验组和对照组小鼠1 LD50的量,观察各组小鼠对硫酸头孢喹肟的耐受性。结果表明,国产硫酸头孢喹肟原料药对小鼠口服LD50大于5 000 mg/kg,其混悬液制剂对小鼠腹腔注射LD50为844.03 mg/kg,LD50的95%可信限为802.05 mg/kg~887.56 mg/kg;蓄积试验中无小鼠死亡,蓄积系数K>5.3;耐受性试验显示,试验组死亡率(10%)显著低于对照组(40%)(P<0.05)。由此可见,国产硫酸头孢喹肟毒性低,临床使用安全,对小鼠没有蓄积毒性,小鼠对本品可产生明显耐受性。     

盐酸多西环素缓释注射液的安全毒性试验

报道了盐酸多西环素缓释注射液对昆明系小白鼠的急性毒性、蓄积毒性、耐受性和对靶动物的安全性试验的结果。采用改良krber法测得小白鼠LD50为304.8mg·kg-1,95%的可信限为263.0～353.2mg·kg-1;采用剂量定期递增染毒法测得对小白鼠的蓄积系数大于5.3;小白鼠对该药无耐受性(与空白对照组比较P>0.05);靶动物安全性试验中未出现不良反应。试验表明盐酸多西环素缓释注射液按临床拟用剂量使用安全。     

中药复方口服液的急性毒性与蓄积性毒性实验研究

观察中药复方口服液的急性毒性和蓄积性毒性。急性毒性采取简化寇氏法给药，结果表明：即使达到小白鼠最大生理承受能力时，也测不出LD50，只能说明LD50〉60g／kg体重，故进行最大给药量试验。最大给药量试验采用16h 4次给药法，结果表明该药的最大耐受倍数为鸡治疗量的100倍。蓄积性毒性试验采用递增法灌胃给药，以蓄积系数评价其蓄积毒性，并比较对照组与给药组大白鼠、小白鼠体重有无差异。结果显示给药组大白鼠、小白鼠均正常生长，该药的蓄积系数k〉5．28，按蓄积评价标准该药属弱蓄积性或基本无蓄积性，表明该药在鼠体内代谢、排泄迅速，不易发生蓄积中毒。     

黄芩苷-β-环糊精包合物的制备与鉴定

本文描述了黄芩苷-β—环糊精包合物的制备和鉴定方法。用溶液—电动搅拌法制备黄芩苷—β-环糊精包合物，HPLC法测定其含量。黄芩苷—β—环糊精包合物与物理混合物的差示量热扫描(DSC)及x—射线衍射扫描图谱均有明显差异，证明黄芩苷与β-环糊精包合成功。     

黄芩苷-β-环糊精包合物的研究

用溶液——电动搅拌法制备黄芩苷-β-环糊精包合物，HPLC法测定其含量。结果黄芩苷-β-环糊精包合物与物理混合物的红外(IR)及X-射线衍射图谱均有明显差异，表明黄芩苷与β-环糊精包合成功。     

硫代甜菜碱的一般毒性研究

为提供硫代甜菜碱的安全性评价资料,本试验进行了硫代甜菜碱对小鼠的一般毒性研究。采用改良Karber法测得DMSP对小白鼠的口服急性毒性LD50为3739.4mg/kg,属低毒;用剂量递增连续20d染毒法测得DMSP对小白鼠的累积系数K>5.3,属基本无蓄积;耐受性试验结果表明,连续用药,小白鼠能对硫代甜菜碱产生耐受现象;小鼠亚急性毒性试验的结果表明,DMSP在使用剂量范围内对小鼠的行为、体重、饮食状况、生理和生化指标均无不良影响。提示硫代甜菜碱毒性极低,在临床使用剂量下,作为饲料添加剂长期使用不会引起毒性反应。     

环丙沙星β-环糊精包合物的临床应用效果观察

环丙沙星 β-环糊精包合物 ,是由延边大学农学院药理教研室研制的 ,主要是为降低环丙沙星的刺激性及延长临床作用时间。本临床试验是观察环丙沙星的延长作用时间后的临床疗效的效果。通过对病畜的临床治疗疗效的观察 ,认为环丙沙星β -环糊精包合物对呼吸道、消化道、泌尿道的感炎疗效效果好 ,延长了环丙沙星临床作用时间 ,减少了刺激 ,增强了稳定性 ,极大提高了环丙沙星在体内的利用。1　药品及用法 　环丙沙星 β -环糊精包合物 ,延边大学农学院药理教研室提供 ,用生理盐水或注射用水制成混悬液肌肉注射 ,10ｍｇ/ｋｇ体质量 ,每日 1次。2…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …