Rejection of tumor cells in vitro

The emergence of lymphoblast-like cells, capable of rapidly destroying tumor cells, was observed in primary cultures of an antigenic sarcoma transplantable in strain 13 guinea pigs. It is likely that these cytotoxic cells represent the progeny of lymphocytes sensitive to tutmor antigens that had infiltrated the tumor tissue.     

GENETIC DIFFERENCES IN ANTIBODY PRODUCTION TO DETERMINANT GROUPS ON INSULIN

Highly inbred strain 2 guinea pigs can produce antibodies to portions of the insulin molecule to which strain 13 guinea pigs cannot produce antibodies. Such differences were not observable within either strain. Consequently it is probable that genetic factors regulate antibody production with respect to the determinant groups toward which antibodies are directed.     

Methotrexate: suppression of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

Methotrexate inhibited the production of allergic encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs when administered between the time of sensitization and the onset of disease. If treatment was delayed until the day of onset of encephalomyelitis, the disease was still suppressed and the death rate was reduced. The protective effect of methotrexate was reversed by folinic acid.     

Immunologic enhancement of tumor xenografts by pepsin-degraded immunoglobulin

The serums from guinea pigs previously injected with mouse Ehrlich ascites tumor cells were fractionated to obtain gamma(2)-immunoglobulin. This immunoglobulin was degraded with pepsin to obtain an F(ab')(2) fragment. Fresh tumor cells were incubated with immunoglobulin or the fragment and injected into normal guinea pigs. The growth of these cells as tumor xenografts was inhibited by the gamma(2)-immunoglobulin and enhanced by the F(ab')(2) fragment. Similar incubation of tumor cells with normal guinea pig gamma(2)-globulin or its derived F(ab')(2) fragment did not alter subsequent tumor growth.     

Tumor immunity produced by the intradermal inoculation of living tumor cells and living Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG)

The intradermal inoculation of mixtures containing living tumor cells and living Mycobacterium bovis (strain BCG) into unimmunized syngeneic guinea pigs results in an inflammatory reaction to the BCG, and there is no progressive tumor growth. In the absence of BCG the tumor grows progressively, metastasizes, and kills the animal. By conventional methods, it has not been possible to immunize syngeneic guinea pigs to the tumor used. Guinea pigs that receive mixtures of BCG and tumor cells, however, develop specific systemic tumor immunity as measured by delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity and by suppression of tumor growth.     

五味地龙汤的止咳作用研究

目的:探讨五味地龙汤水煎液的止咳作用.方法:用小鼠氨水引咳法、豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法及电刺激豚鼠引咳法进行实验.结果:五味地龙汤水煎液对氨水所致小鼠咳嗽及枸橼酸所致豚鼠咳嗽均有显著的止咳作用(P﹤0.01);对电刺激豚鼠所致咳嗽有显著的抑制作用(P<0.01).结论:五味地龙汤水煎液有显著的止咳作用.     

Macrophage spreading: inhibition in delayed hypersensitivity

The capacity of peritoneal macrophages to spread was studied with cells of mice infected with Listeria monocytogenes and with cells of guinea pigs sensitized with BCG (bacille Calmette Guérin) vaccine or immunized with ovalbumin. In macrophages taken from animals having delayed hypersensitivity, this ability was markedly decreased by the presence of specific antigen for less than 1 hour. Such an effect was not observed in guinea pigs having only circulating antibodies.     

Genetic defect in biosynthesis of the precursor form of the fourth component of complement

Under cell-free conditions, liver polysomes from guinea pigs genetically deficient in the fourth component of complement (C4) did not synthesize pro-C4 (the precursor of C4), but did synthesize nascent C4 polypeptides which remained polysome bound. The defect was specific for pro-C4 synthesis since the amounts of total protein and albumin synthesis and release from C4-deficient polysomes were similar to that in normal guinea pig liver polysomes.     

Sterility in female guinea pigs induced by injection with testis

Adult virgin female guinea pigs were injected with an emulsion of homologous adult testis and Freund's adjuvant before exposure to males. The fertility of this group was only 24 percent while the fertility of the control group was 84 percent. The testis-injected guinea pigs had also a high titer of antibodies against testis.     

一株中等毒力牛种布鲁氏菌的鉴定和毒力测定

【目的】对初步鉴定的牛种布鲁氏菌分离株（B. abortus 343）进行全面的生物学特性检定,为深入研究布鲁氏菌病提供参考菌株。【方法】将B. abortus 343划线培养及梯度稀释,使其形成单个菌落,观察菌落形态。挑取单个菌落进行革兰氏染色和柯氏染色,观察其染色特点;分别接种1.5×106 CFU到含硫瑾（1﹕25 000）或含碱性复红（1﹕25 000）的TSA平板上,观察其生长状态;将接种有B. abortus 343的TSA平板分别置于普通培养箱和CO2培养箱37℃培养72 h,观察其对CO2的依赖性;通过醋酸铅试纸条测定B. abortus 343代谢过程中是否释放H2S。通过平板凝集试验测定布鲁氏菌单相特异性血清（ 牛种布鲁氏菌单因子血清A、羊种布鲁氏菌单因子血清M 和 布鲁氏菌粗糙型血清R ）与B. abortus 343抗原的反应性;利用布鲁氏菌AMOS-PCR种属分型等方法对B. abortus 343进行了PCR种属特性鉴定;将B. abortus 343免疫小鼠,分别测定其抗血清与光滑型和粗糙型抗原的反应性;通过小鼠和豚鼠感染试验,全面评价该分离株的毒力;分别以1×105 CFU感染6周龄Balb/c小鼠,测定B. abortus 343在小鼠体内存活时间;以1×109 CFU感染Hartley豚鼠,2周后测定试验豚鼠每克脾脏含菌量;分别以10 000、1 000、100、25 CFU/只4种不同剂量感染豚鼠,初步测定分离株对豚鼠的最小感染量（MID）,在此基础上,进一步以40、60和90 CFU/只测定MID。【结果】分离株B. abortus 343 为光滑型牛种布鲁氏菌,菌落逆光观察微带蓝绿色乳光;革兰氏染色为阴性,柯氏染色为红色,H2S试验阳性。该菌能在含硫瑾和碱性复红的培养基上生长,不依赖于CO2。B. abortus 343抗原能与A因子血清呈明显凝集反应,免疫小鼠后能产生特异性抗体。以1×105 CFU感染6周龄Balb/c小鼠,可在小鼠体内存活29周;以1×109 CFU感染350-400 g雌性豚鼠,14 d后豚鼠每克脾脏含菌量2.4×105-1.2×106;以1×105 CFU感染豚鼠1个月后,所有试验豚鼠均能产生特异性光滑型抗体,试管凝集效价为320-1 280;B. abortus 343对豚鼠的最小感染量约为40 CFU。【结论】鉴定了一株中等毒力牛种布鲁氏菌（B. abortus 343）,为深入研究布鲁氏菌病提供了参考菌株,丰富了布鲁氏菌菌种资源。     

Dioxin in soil: bioavailability after ingestion by rats and guinea pigs

Soil environmentally contaminated with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was given by gavage to guinea pigs and rats. The development of a characteristic clinicopathologic syndrome in guinea pigs, the induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in rats, and the presence of TCDD in the livers of both species show that TCDD in soil exhibits high biological availability after ingestion.     

PENICILLIN IN EXPERIMENTAL SPOTTED FEVER

Guinea pigs infected with a virulent strain of spotted fever received large doses of penicillin intramuscularly every 4 hours. The injections were begun 48 hours after the onset of fever. Controls included untreated animals and others that received one dose of spotted fever rabbit immune globulin. The penicillin had no effect on the classic symptoms of this disease and all the treated animals died. (The toxicity of penicillin for guinea pigs probably was a contributing factor.) Eight out of 16 controls died; all guinea pigs receiving globulin survived. Penicillin plasma determinations led to the belief that the treatment was adequate to bring about recovery had the agent been of any value.     

Bioavailability of dioxin in soil from a 2,4,5-T manufacturing site

Dioxin (2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, TCDD) is a highly toxic contaminant produced in the manufacture of phenoxy herbicides. Despite its high TCDD content, soil from a contaminated area associated with a 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) manufacturing site in Newark, New Jersey, did not induce acute toxicity when administered to guinea pigs (the most sensitive species) by gavage. Analysis of liver samples demonstrated low bioavailability of TCDD from this soil. A comparative analysis of soils showed that Soxhlet extraction was necessary for the determination of TCDD on Newark soil, whereas solvent extraction was sufficient for soil from Times Beach, Missouri. The difference in the bioavailability of TCDD from these soils is correlated with TCDD extractability and may be related to the different compositions of the soils.     

Hypersensitivity to a synthetic polypeptide: induction of a delayed reaction

A multichain copolypeptide, p(Tyr,Glu)-pAla--pLys, induced in guinea pigs a prolonged state of delayed hypersensitivity not associated with detectable circulating antibodies. Cross reactions of the delayed type were observed with chemically related polypeptides.     

Transfer of experimental autoimmune renal cortical tubular and interstitial disease in guinea pigs by serum

Guinea pigs injected with rabbit tubular basement membranes and Freund's adjuvant develop progressive renal cortical tubulointerstitial disease and deposit autoantibodies in their cortical tubular basement membranes. The identical, even fatal, disease may be produced in normal guinea pigs by a single intraperitoneal injection of serums obtained from guinea pigs with this tubulointerstitial disease, provided such serums contain sufficient amounts of autoantibodies against tubular basement membranes.     

猪口蹄疫病毒DNA疫苗与常规灭活苗的比较

以含有FMDV VPI基因和VPI基因主要抗原位点141—160及200—213位的氨基酸的真核表达质粒pcDNA-VPI和pcDNA-F与常规O型FMD灭活疫苗分别免疫6—8周龄的BALB／c小鼠和豚鼠,同时设生理盐水为阴性对照,以肌肉注射,间隔2周3次免疫的方式进行．通过脾脏T淋巴细胞增殖（MTT）、T淋巴细胞亚群、中和抗体、抗病毒能力的检测和病理组织学观察等方面比较DNA疫苗与常规灭活苗的免疫效果．结果发现pcDNA-VPI和pcDNA-F能够诱导细胞免疫和体液免疫反应,pcDNA-F可使小鼠和豚鼠产生一定程度的抗FMDV感染的保护性免疫,但与常规灭活苗比较还存在差异．     

Evaluation of an attenuated vaccine candidate based on the genotype C of bovine parainfluenza virus type 3 in albino guinea pigs

Bovine parainfluenza virus type 3(BPIV3) is considered as one of the most important respiratory tract pathogens of both young and adult cattle, and widespread among cattle in the world. BPIV3 was first reported in China in 2008 and four strains of BPIV3 were isolated from Shandong Province, known as genotype C(BPIV3c). Pathogen investigations had shown that BPIV3 c infection was very common among cattle in China. To date, BPIV3 can be classified into genotypes A, B and C based on genetic and phylogenetic analysis. Serological survey also demonstrates that BPIV3 infection is widespread in China, however, there is still no available vaccine for BPIV3 prevention in China nowadays. In the present study, the BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was continuously passaged on Madin-Darby bovine kidney(MDBK) cells for hundreds of times, and the pathogenicity of passage 209 was reduced in guinea pigs. The passage 209 of BPIV3 c strain SD0835 was used as a live vaccine candidate to immunize the guinea pigs. The vaccination results revealed that two vaccinations could induce excellent serum neutralizing antibody responses as well as proliferation of T lymphocytes. The vaccinated guinea pigs were well protected against challenge with a low passage of BPIV3 c strain SD0835. Additionally, the percentages of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell subsets of animals in vaccinated group increased after immunization; T cell subsets on day 2 after challenge in both groups decreased, and the decline of CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cell subsets levels of four guinea pigs in vaccinated group was relatively moderate, comparing with that of the control group. These data support further testing of the attenuated virus as an effective candidate vaccine.     

几种佐剂免疫增强效应的比较研究

本研究以氢氧化铝胶、油佐剂、裂解乳酸菌,百白破三联苗(DTP)和左旋咪唑等5种佐剂,分别配合布氏杆菌猪二(S_2)号苗给豚鼠免疫。以淋巴细胞转化、E—玫瑰花环形成、凝集反应及布氏菌素皮肤变态试验等方法,3个月内进行跟踪性定期检测,考察所试各佐剂增强细胞免疫及体液免疫的作用及特点。试验结果表明,所试各佐剂对豚鼠的免疫应答均具有增强作用。其中,裂解乳酸菌对细胞免疫及体液免疫的增强作用均较理想,是一种具有发展前途的佐剂;百白破三联苗增强细胞免疫及体液免疫效果均佳,但其过敏原作用值得重视;油佐剂在提高抗体滴度,促进体液免疫应答方面的作用最强,明显优于所试的其它佐剂。     

宠物豚鼠隐孢子虫感染情况调查及其虫种鉴定

为了解宠物豚鼠隐孢子虫感染情况,用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对郑州某宠物市场55份豚鼠粪便和免疫抑制后的30只豚鼠新鲜粪便样本进行检查。结果发现,隐孢子虫总感染率分别为12.7%和80%,卵囊呈近圆形,卵囊大小为5.3μm×4.7μm〔(5.0～5.5)μm×(4.4～4.9)μm〕,卵囊指数为1.11。基于18SrRNA基因位点,对调查中发现的7个隐孢子虫分离株进行PCR扩增,PCR-RFLP和测序结果显示,7个分离株均为维瑞隐孢子虫。宠物豚鼠隐孢子虫感染较为普遍,感染虫种是维瑞隐孢子虫,且豚鼠在免疫抑制后,其隐孢子虫感染率显著增高。     

抗白色念球菌的复方"克清甲"软膏毒性研究

[目的]考察抗白色念球菌的复方＂克清甲＂软膏经皮给药及入眼对试验动物的安全性。[方法]采用健康家兔进行皮肤急性毒性试验、皮肤及眼刺激试验,用健康豚鼠进行主动皮肤过敏试验,并观察。[结果]复方＂克清甲＂软膏未产生急性毒性反应和眼刺激反应;对于家兔完整皮肤,单次和多次经皮给药均无刺激性,对破损皮肤有轻度刺激反应,但除去药物后这种刺激性消失;对健康豚鼠完整及破损皮肤均无致敏性。[结论]复方＂克清甲＂软膏是一种安全的外用制剂。