哺乳期锌缺乏对小鼠海马锌离子含量影响的研究

目的检测哺乳期母鼠锌缺乏对其仔鼠大脑海马内锌离子含量的影响.方法 CD-1母鼠产后即喂以缺锌饲料（锌含量为0.85μg/g）以及去离子水,它们未断乳的仔鼠即作为锌缺乏组模型,在小鼠生后7、14、21 d,应用金属自显影技术检测海马中游离锌离子含量变化.结果与对照组相比,锌缺乏组未断乳仔鼠海马中的锌离子含量明显减少.结论哺乳期母鼠锌缺乏会导致仔鼠海马中游离锌离子含量显著减少.     

Antagonistic relationship between dietary cadmium and zinc

The growth of chicks decreased, and specific abnormalities of hocks and feathers increased, when cadmium was added to a zinc-deficient diet. Supplementation of the diet with zinc prevented the adverse effect of cadmium on hock and feather development and partially offset the effect on growth. Changes in the gizzard lining, also resulting from cadmium ingestion, were partially prevented by increase in the zinc intake.     

Induction of nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis in motor neurons by zinc-deficient superoxide dismutase

Mutations in copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) have been implicated in the selective death of motor neurons in 2 percent of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The loss of zinc from either wild-type or ALS-mutant SODs was sufficient to induce apoptosis in cultured motor neurons. Toxicity required that copper be bound to SOD and depended on endogenous production of nitric oxide. When replete with zinc, neither ALS-mutant nor wild-type copper, zinc SODs were toxic, and both protected motor neurons from trophic factor withdrawal. Thus, zinc-deficient SOD may participate in both sporadic and familial ALS by an oxidative mechanism involving nitric oxide.     

黄土高原潜在缺锌区施用纳米氧化锌（ZnO NPs）对冬小麦生长及籽粒品质的影响

为研究纳米氧化锌的施用方式对冬小麦生长及籽粒品质的影响,本研究在黄土高原潜在缺锌地区进行田间微区试验,使用传统的七水硫酸锌(ZnSO_4·7H_2O)和新型的纳米氧化锌(ZnO NPs)作为锌肥,设置对照(CK)、喷施硫酸锌(FZn)、土施ZnO NPs(SZnO)、喷施ZnO NPs(FZnO)和土喷结合ZnO NPs(SFZnO)五个处理。结果表明,不同处理对于冬小麦产量及其构成因素和籽粒品质(淀粉、可溶性糖和谷蛋白)未造成显著影响。ZnO NPs处理相比CK,在两季均显著提高了冬小麦的籽粒锌含量。对比硫酸锌处理,FZnO和SFZnO比FZn处理的籽粒锌含量在第一年分别提高了36%和45%,在第二年分别提高了12%和24%。拔节期叶片扫描表明FZn处理与CK的叶片结构没有差异,FZnO处理观察到颗粒表面附着,能谱仪扫描确定FZnO处理的锌含量显著高于FZn处理和CK。五个不同处理结果表明,小麦施用ZnO NPs比施硫酸锌有较显著的增锌效果,不同施用方式以土喷结合处理增锌效果最佳,籽粒锌含量达到37 mg·kg~(-1),单独喷施处理的锌转移吸收效率最高。施用ZnO NPs对小麦生长、籽粒品质以及叶片生理结构没有产生不良影响,ZnO NPs可作为新型锌肥应用于农业研究。     

马铃薯锌营养特性及锌生物强化技术研究进展

锌是植物和人体必需的微量元素,锌缺乏是全球公共健康问题.在马铃薯主粮化背景下,探讨马铃薯锌营养特性及锌生物强化技术手段对实现马铃薯富锌、改善人体缺锌状况具有重要意义.本文从马铃薯锌营养功能、马铃薯产区土壤锌状况、育种以及农艺强化技术等方面进行了综述和展望,提出锌对马铃薯生长及产量和品质形成具有重要作用,农艺强化是目前马...     

不同药剂防治桃树流胶病桃叶氧化酶活性与防效之相关分析

不同药剂处理后,桃树叶片组织中过氧化物酶(POD)、多酚氧化酶(PPOD)与桃树流胶病的病情存在一定的相关性。试验结果表明,不管是经由两种药剂共同处理还是单一药剂处理,还是不经任何药剂处理的对照组,PO和PPO的活性低峰均出现在5月20日左右。另外,经两种药剂共同处理的桃树叶片PO和PPO值均略高于只经一种药剂处理的桃树叶片,明显高于未经任何处理的对照桃树叶片中的PO和PPO值。     

Plasma saluretic activity: its nature and relation to oxytocin analogs

Plasma natriuretic activity was evoked in cows and dogs by infusion of saline with or without dextran. Deproteinized samples were fractionated on both Sephadex and Bio-Gel columns; the activity was separated, the approximate molecular weight being in the region of 1000. Incubation with chymotrypsin destroyed the activity, suggesting that it might be a polypeptide. A similar activity in blood resulted from intracarotid injection of either oxytocin or either of two synthetic analogs. Possibly the latter are saluretic by virtue of a releasing action on some intracranial structure for another natriuretic peptide.     

谷胱甘肽对蓝藻Anabaena7120固氮氧稳定性的增强效应

外源谷胱甘肽在一定程度上可消除氧对蓝藻Ａｎａｂａｅｎａ７１２０固氮活性的抑制。藻细胞在实验前２４ｈ进行暗处理，或是有光合抑制剂ＤＮＰ和ＣＣＣＰ存在时，谷胱甘肽对受氧伤害的蓝藻固氮活性的有益作用削弱或消失。氧和氢同时加入时，谷胱甘肽对受氧钝化的蓝藻固氮活性呈现较高的益效应。在有氧的情况（空气中）下，谷胱甘肽对受氧伤害的益藻固氮活性的有益作用比在厌氧（Ａｒ中）下的高。在含有５％ＣＯ２的大气中，或是添加     

Delta 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol and ethanol: differential effects on sympathetic activity in differing environmental setting

Serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity, a useful biochemical index of peripheral sympathetic nervous activity, was measured in rats treated with Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol or ethanol or both substances. After 7 days of treatment with either substance, serum dopamine beta-hydroxylase activity decreased significantly. Combined treatment with both agents enhanced the effects of each given alone. In rats subjected to immobilization stress, treatment with Delta(9)- tetrahydrocannabinol appeared to potentiate the stress-induced increase in serum enzyme activity. Treatment with ethanol, with or without Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol, effectively blocked this increase in enzyme activity. These results show that both substances have significant effects on the sympathetic nervous system which are critically influenced by environmental setting.     

Autonomic nervous system activity distinguishes among emotions

Emotion-specific activity in the autonomic nervous system was generated by constructing facial prototypes of emotion muscle by muscle and by reliving past emotional experiences. The autonomic activity produced distinguished not only between positive and negative emotions, but also among negative emotions. This finding challenges emotion theories that have proposed autonomic activity to be undifferentiated or that have failed to address the implications of autonomic differentiation in emotion.     

柞蚕消化液蛋白酶活性与经济性状相关研究

分析了柞蚕 4 个亲本、8 个杂种 F1 代的五龄幼虫消化液蛋白酶活性与主要经济性状的相关性。结果表明,消化液蛋白酶活性与全茧量、茧层量、茧层率和蛹重的相关性差,与蛹期生命率、收蚁结茧率、单蛾结茧数、单蛾茧层量、单蛾收茧量均呈显著或极显著正相关。杂种 F1 代的消化液蛋白酶活性的杂种优势率与其相关性状的杂种优势率也呈极显著正相关。认为 F1 代消化液蛋白酶活性的提高,是其相关性状杂种优势形成的一个原因。F1 代消化液蛋白酶活性强度,作为一个生化指标,可能用来预测 F1 代的相关性状的优劣。     

糖对红小豆豆馅品质的影响

针对小豆馅主要添加剂糖,从色泽、体外总抗氧化能力、羟自由基消除能力和含糖量感官评价4个方面研究小豆馅适宜白砂糖含糖量,并研究了木糖醇和麦芽糖醇对白砂糖不同替代程度,小豆馅色泽和体外总抗氧化能力方面的变化。结果表明,加糖小豆馅要保持较好的色泽,其含糖量应低于35%;35%～55%含糖量可同时增加小豆馅体外总抗氧化能力和羟自由基消除能力;80%以上的品尝参评人员对小豆馅含糖量偏好介于25%～35%。综合4个方面结果叠加分析,小豆馅适宜白砂糖含量应为35%左右,对应的糖度为47%。木糖醇和麦芽糖醇部分替代白砂糖,对小豆馅色泽总体无明显的影响,但会明显降低其总抗氧化能力。该结论为提高小豆馅或豆沙品质及今后相关标准制定提供理论参考。     

硼、锰及其配合施用对苧麻生理代谢的影响

在土培条件下,以石灰性紫色土为供试土壤进行了硼、锰及其配合对苧麻生理代谢影响的研究。结果表明:单施硼、锰和配合施用均可显著增加叶绿素含量,提高光合作用速率,增大苧麻各部位~(14) C 的放射强度,有利于光合产物从叶片输出和运输到其他部位,并提高原麻纤维素的合成能力,其中硼的作用优于锰。施硼或锰均显著降低多酚氧化酶活性和总酚含量;硼还降低过氧化物酶活性和木质素含量;锰则增加过氧化物酶活性和木质素含量,促进早熟。硼与锰对多酚氧化酶、过氧化物酶活性和总酚、木质素含量的互作均呈显著负效应。     

Effects of long-term reserpine treatment on brain tyrosine hydroxylase and behavioral activity

Treatment of rats with reserpine (for 8 or 9 days) produced a temporally related increase in behavioral activity and in tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the midbrain. Weight loss resulting from such treatment was not sufficient, by itself, to account for either the behavioral or enzymatic changes. The results support the role of catecholamines in behavioral arousal.     

转基因抗虫棉凝集素的检测

为探讨外源杀虫基因导入对棉花重要防御物质凝集素的影响,同时建立棉花凝集素的灵敏检测方法,采用血凝法检测转基因(Bt、CpTI和外源凝集素基因)棉花中凝集素的变化,并经胰蛋白酶处理鸡血红细胞、不同温度处理和比色法测定棉花的凝集素活性。结果表明,棉花叶片中凝集素水平随棉花生长而发生变化,不同外源基因的导入使棉花凝集活性升高或降低。采用经胰蛋白酶修饰后的鸡血红细胞检测,棉花凝集活性明显提高,最高是未经处理检测的64倍。棉花凝集素具有一定的抗热性,在45℃以下很稳定,但随温度的升高和处理时间的延长活性下降。血凝反应和比色法均能直观、定量地反映棉株中凝集素活性,但后者精度更高。以上研究结果表明,外源杀虫基因的导入引起棉花凝集素水平发生改变,比色法可以作为检测棉株中自身和外源凝集素基因表达后凝集活性的重要手段。     

对柔嫩艾美耳球虫敏感株与抗药株ATP酶活性的检测

采用ATP酶试剂盒对柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eimeria tenella)11种敏感株与抗药株的4种ATP酶活性进行了检测。结果表明,鸡球虫不仅具有活跃的ATP酶系统,而且其活性因球虫对药物敏感性的不同而表现强弱不同。敏感株的ATP酶活性最强,而各抗药株的ATP酶活性均有不同程度的降低,尤其是氯化锂(Na -K -ATP酶抑制剂)和利多卡因(Na 通道阻断剂)参与诱导产生的马杜霉素诱导抗药株和盐霉素诱导抗药株的Na -K -ATP酶,Mg2 -ATP酶,Ca2 -ATP酶和Ca2 -Mg2 -ATP酶的活性极显著低于相同来源的抗药株和敏感株的活性。本文研究表明,虫株对药物的敏感性可能与ATP酶活性有关,检测ATP酶活性可作为判别柔嫩艾美耳球虫对离子载体类抗球虫药物敏感性或抗药性的指标之一。     

茶叶提取物对自由基的清除能力

对茶叶提取物的自由基（·ＯＨ）清除能力进行评价,结果显示绿茶的提取物对自由基清除能力要高于红茶,但由于含有不稳定的成分易受到热、活性炭或硅藻土处理等影响而降低其对自由基的清除能力;而红茶提取物受热、硅藻土处理的影响较小。     

香蕉枯萎病菌2个生理小种多聚半乳糖醛酸酶活性的比较

用香蕉枯萎病菌4号生理小种(Foc 4)接种巴西香蕉,香蕉枯萎病菌1号生理小种(Foc 1)接种粉蕉,均能检测到PG、PMG、PGTE、PMTE和Cx 5种细胞壁降解酶活性,其中PG活性均最高。在7种不同碳源培养条件下,Foc 4的菌丝干质量都比Foc 1的大,说明Foc 4的生长更快,能更适应多种营养条件。在PG诱导方面,有柑桔果胶或PGA存在时,2个生理小种的PG活性明显加强。在葡萄糖或CMC作为唯一碳源时,2个生理小种的PG活性很低。以香蕉维管束组织培养2个生理小种后发现,Foc 4的PG活性比Foc 1高。以粉蕉维管束组织培养2个生理小种后发现,Foc 1的PG活性比Foc 4高。以柑桔果胶作为碳源,并改变不同的氮源,在7种氮源培养条件下,Foc 1和Foc 4均能产生PG活性,但所产生的PG活性比不加氮源所产生的PG活性低。     

Antioxidant Activity of Pigment Extracted from Green-Wheat-Bran

The anthocyanin pigment extracted from green-wheat-bran was studied to identify its antioxidant activity.The antioxidant activities of the pigment were evaluated by anti-lipid peroxidation,total antioxidant activity （TAA）,superoxide anion radical scavenging activity （SARSA）,active oxygen scavenging activity （AOSA）,and DPPH （1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl free radical） radical scavenging activity.The results showed that the pigment had higher antioxidant activity and TAA,SARSA,AOSA and DPPH.scavenging activities at a certain concentration than Vc （antiscorbutic vitamin,vitamin C）,and the capacity increased with the increase of pigment concentration.Its TAA was 51.06 U mL-1,1.73 times of Vc,and SARSA 18 025.21 U mL-1,2.26% higher than Vc,and AOSA 3 776.31 U mL-1,1.24 times of Vc.As to the DPPH.scavenging activity of the pigment,there was a trend that higher concentration performed higher activity significantly improved with the company of Vc.The pigment showed significant antioxidant activities evaluated by different assays.Results will provide a better understanding on antioxidant activity of green wheat and allow the screening or breeding of green wheat varieties with higher antioxidant activity for food processing.