Urinary incontinence due to ectopic ureter in a male dog.

Urinary incontinence was associated with an ectopic ureter in a 5-month-old, male Wire Fox Terrier. The dog regained urinary continence after transplantation of the ureter from the urethra into the urinary bladder. Of the 3 reported cases of extopic ureters in male dogs, 2 have been associated with urinary incontinence. These observations do not support the hypothesis that ectopic ureters are more frequently recognized in female than in male dogs because urinary incontinence is more commonly associated with the disorder in female dogs.     

Urinary incontinence in the dog due to accidental vagino-ureteral fistulation during hysterectomy

The paper reports urinary incontinence in three bitches caused by vagino-ureteral fistulation during or soon after hysterectomy. Diagnostic radiological features are described and the possible causes are discussed.     

Intravesical ureterocele with concurrent renal dysfunction in a dog: a case report and proposed classification system.

A unilateral intravesical ureterocele was diagnosed by ultrasonography in a 5-year-old female Pekingese that was referred for evaluation of increased hepatic enzymes. Ureteroceles are cystic dilatations of the submucosal portion of the distal ureter. They are frequently reported in humans but are uncommonly reported in dogs. This report describes surgical resection of the ureterocele and reduction of ipsilateral hydroureter in a dog that also had bilateral renal dysfunction and suffered progressive mild azotemia postoperatively. This report demonstrates that canine ureteroceles can occur concurrently with bilateral renal dysfunction and offers a classification system designed to encourage thorough urinary tract evaluation for determining prognosis.     

Functional ectopic adrenal carcinoma in a dog

An 11-year-old spayed female pit bull terrier was presented with a 2-month history of polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and panting. Serum chemistry, blood and urine analysis, and tests for hyperadrenocorticism suggested an adrenal tumor. Abdominal ultrasound identified a mass caudal to the right kidney. The mass was completely excised and histopathology was consistent with endocrine carcinoma. Three years later there was no evidence of recurrence or metastasis.     

Intracardiac ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma in a dog

A 13-year-old spayed female Labrador Retriever with a 1-year history of progressive exercise intolerance was diagnosed with an interventricular mass in the heart via echocardiogram. The animal's general condition progressively declined over the next 8 months, and it was euthanatized. The intracardiac mass, which protruded into the lumen of the right ventricle, was removed at necropsy and fixed in 10% buffered formalin. Histopathologic diagnosis was an ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma based on the presence of 3 distinct neoplastic tissue types. Intermixed within the tumor were neoplastic thyroid follicles containing colloid and solid nests of thyroid follicular epithelial cells, vascular channels and clefts filled with blood and lined by neoplastic endothelium, and osteoid surrounded by spindle cells and often rimmed by large multinucleated cells. Immunohistochemical reaction for thyroglobulin was positive in the tumor cells forming the colloid-filled follicles and solid nests of epithelial cells. Neoplastic endothelium was positive for factor VIII-related antigen. The thyroid gland was located in its normal anatomic position and was histologically normal, ruling out the possibility that the intracardiac tumor was a metastatic lesion. To the authors' knowledge this is the first reported case of an intracardiac ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma, and possibly the first ectopic thyroid carcinosarcoma in any location in any species.     

Bilateral ectopic ureters in a male dog with unilateral renal agenesis

A 1-year-old neutered male mixed-breed dog was evaluated because of signs of urinary incontinence. Retrograde positive contrast urethrocystography and excretory urography with pneumocystography revealed bilateral intramural ectopic ureters and absence of the right kidney. During abdominal exploratory surgery, only the left kidney was located. The left intramural ectopic ureter was repaired by neoureterostomy (creation of a new opening for the ureter to enable urine to empty into the bladder). The right ectopic ureter was ligated at its entrance into the urinary bladder serosa. Results of excretory urography (performed immediately after surgery and repeated 8 weeks later) revealed successful correction of the left intramural ectopic ureter. Twelve weeks after surgery, the dog remained continent. To the authors' knowledge, there are few reports of ectopic ureters in male dogs; furthermore, the urinary tract abnormalities detected concurrently in this dog are also unusual.     

Fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, and priapism associated with multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in a dog

A 4-year-old castrated mixed-breed dog had atypical signs of chronic distemper encephalomyelitis. The predominant signs were related to visceral rather than somatic dysfunction. The visceral dysfunction was largely attributable to distemper-associated inflammatory lesions in the spinal cord and resulted in fecal incontinence, urinary incontinence, and priapism. Empirical treatment of the dog resulted in transitory improvement prior to euthanasia performed because of the progressive nature of the encephalomyelitis.     

Ectopic ureterocele in a male dog: a case report and review of surgical management

A 16-week-old, male border terrier was presented for urinary incontinence. Intravenous urography demonstrated a right-sided, extravesical ectopic ureterocele. Neoureterocystostomy and ureterocele omentalization were performed. Urinary incontinence persisted after surgery. Retrograde urethrography revealed communication between the ureterocele and urethra. Urinary incontinence resolved following partial ureterocelectomy and reconstruction of the proximal urethra.     

Delayed-onset urinary incontinence in five female dogs with ectopic ureters

This case series describes five female dogs with congenital ectopic ureter presenting with delayed-onset urinary incontinence out of 22 female dogs diagnosed with ectopic ureter over a 102-month period at a veterinary teaching hospital. All five dogs improved following surgical treatment of ectopic ureter, but only three remained continent long-term without further intervention. Delayed-onset urinary incontinence in female dogs with ectopic ureters may be more common than the current literature suggests. Congenital ectopic ureter should be considered and investigated as a possible contributing factor in female dogs presenting with delayed-onset urinary incontinence.     

Urinary incontinence in dogs and cats

The differential diagnosis of canine urinary incontinence is discussed. Where appropriate, comparisons are made to similar causes of incontinence in the cat.     

Urinary obstruction secondary to an ossifying fibroma of the os penis in a dog

A 13-year-old, 25-kg, castrated male border collie was referred for evaluation of pollakiuria, stranguria, and a decreased urine stream. A calcified periurethral mass near the caudal aspect of the os penis was identified on survey abdominal radiographs. A retrograde contrast urethrocystogram demonstrated that the mass was compressing the penile urethra. The mass was surgically resected. A histopathological diagnosis of an ossifying fibroma of the os penis was made. This report describes an atypical presentation of a rare tumor, an ossifying fibroma, that caused a urinary obstruction in a male dog. A review of the incidence, histopathological features, and behavior of ossifying fibromas is included.