蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究日粮中不同比例蚯蚓粉替代鱼粉对罗氏沼虾生长性能的影响.试验采用单因子设计,选取200尾罗氏沼虾幼虾,随机分为5组,即Ⅰ组(0%蚯蚓粉+100%鱼粉)、Ⅱ组(10%蚯蚓粉+90%鱼粉)、Ⅲ组(20蚯蚓粉+80%鱼粉)、Ⅳ组(30%蚯蚓粉+70%鱼粉)、Ⅴ组(40%蚯蚓粉+60%鱼粉),每组4个重复,每个重复...     

Effects of replacing fish meal with soy cake in a diet based on urea-treated rice straw on performance of growing Laisind beef cattle

The present study was to test if different ratios of fish meal to soy cake as protein supplements in the diet are not significantly different in effects on feed intakes and performance of growing beef cattle fed urea-treated rice straw (URTRS) as basal diet under local conditions in North Vietnam. Thirty-six male cattle of Laisind (50 % local Yellow cattle and 50 % Sindhi, both Bos indicus) at around 12 months of age with an average live weight of 124?±?12 kg at start were used in six groups of the experiment. Six diets named A, B, C, D, E, and F used in the experiment were similar in crude protein (CP) level, except for diet A with no supplementation, but different in fish meal/soy cake ratio based on CP content as follows: diet A 0/0, diet B 100/0, diet C 75/25, diet D 50/50, diet E 25/75, and diet F 0/100. Following a 4-week adaptation period, a comparison period lasted 24 weeks. The total intakes of dry matter (DM), DM from roughage, metabolizable energy (ME), and CP were 6, 7, 6, and 20 % higher in diets B–F than diet A with P values ≤0.05, 0.05, 0.05, and 0.001, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was 50 % higher (P?<?0.001) in diets B–F than that in diet A. Compared to diet A, diets B–F had lower feed conversion ratio (FCR)_DM, FCR_ME, and FCR_CP by 30, 20, and 30 %, respectively (all at P?<?0.001). There were no significant differences between diets B–F in the intakes, FCRs, and ADG. The apparent digestibility of CP was 12 to 24 % higher (P?<?0.001) in diets B–F than that in diet A. There was a tendency that the apparent digestibilities of DM, CP, and CF were increasing with increasing level of soy cake in this study. The ratio of fish meal to soy cake did not significantly affect feed intakes, ADG, FCR, and apparent nutrient digestibilities of the cattle. Soy cake can therefore be used to partially or fully replace fish meal as a protein supplement in the diet of growing beef cattle fed URTRS without any negative effects on animal performance.     

膨化大豆和大豆浓缩蛋白替代鱼粉对断奶仔猪生产性能的影响

目前在中国优质高标准饲料中仍然要加入大量的动物源蛋白质,如哺乳仔猪料、断奶过渡料、生长猪料等,都要使用大量的鱼粉改善饲料的消化利用率和饲料品质。但由于鱼粉品质受原料、鱼种、加工方法和存贮条件的影响差异很大,因而使用效果也千差万别,尤其是卫生指标超标造成仔猪下痢的报道很多;加之渔业资源的日益匮乏,给开发其他替代鱼粉的其他蛋白饲料原料提供了良好的市场机会。而大豆和豆粕经过膨化处理后抗营养因子失去作用,营养物质消化率显著提高,膨化豆粕货源丰富和价格合理。本试验力求以科学的方法来判断膨化大豆和膨化豆粕代替鱼粉的实际效果。     

黑水虻幼虫虫粉替代仔猪饲料中血浆蛋白粉或鱼粉对仔猪生长性能的影响

文章研究了黑水虻幼虫虫粉替代仔猪饲料中血浆蛋白粉或鱼粉等蛋白质原料的可行性。以血浆蛋白粉和鱼粉为对照组,黑水虻幼虫虫粉为试验组,选用(40±3)日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪240头,按体重一致的原则,将仔猪分成3组,每组4个重复(栏),每个重复20头。通过测定仔猪生长性能比较黑水虻幼虫虫粉替代血浆蛋白粉以及鱼粉对断奶仔猪生长的影响。结果表明,饲养仔猪25 d后,使用血浆蛋白粉、鱼粉和黑水虻虫粉饲养仔猪对应平均日增重分别是(0.361±0.015)kg/d、(0.399±0.020)kg/d和(0.364±0.021)kg/d,料肉比分别为(2.014±0.051)、(2.027±0.101)和(1.944±0.071),腹泻率分别为(5.60±0.014)%、(6.90±0.008)%和(6.28±0.008)%,存活率分别为(95.00±0.035)%、(98.75±0.013)%和(96.25±0.024)%,各组间差异不显著。试验结果表明,黑水虻虫粉代替血浆蛋白粉和鱼粉用于保育猪的饲养是可行性的。     

大型溞粉替代鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长、部分生化指标及水质指标的影响

选取720尾平均体重为(56.67±10.75)g的健康黄颡鱼,随机分为6组,分别投喂大型溞粉替代不同水平鱼粉的饲料[0%(Y1)、20%(Y2)、40%(Y3)、60%(Y4)、80%(Y5)、100%(Y6)],试验周期为60 d。旨在探讨大型溞粉替代不同水平的鱼粉对黄颡鱼生长、部分生化指标及水质指标的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,Y3、Y4组增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率显著增加,其中Y4组效果最为显著(P0.05);Y3和Y4组饵料系数显著降低(P0.05)。从血清和肝胰脏生化指标来看,Y2～Y4组能显著提高血清和肝胰脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,且最高活性均为Y3组(P0.05);Y2～Y5组肝胰脏和血清中过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均有所提高,且Y4组活性最为显著(P0.05);Y4～Y6组均能显著降低血清和肝胰脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量,其中最小值为Y4组(P0.05);Y3～Y6组均能显著降低肝胰脏中谷草转氨酶(GOT)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性,其中,Y4、Y5组最明显(P0.05)。血清中Y3～Y5组GOT活性明显下降,其中Y4组活性最低(P0.05)。Y4组可有效降低水中亚硝酸盐含量(P0.05)。总之,适宜水平大型溞粉替代鱼粉能显著提高黄颡鱼生长及非特异性免疫力,且能有效降低水体亚硝酸盐含量,建议替代比例为60%。     

不同水平复合蛋白源等量替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈生长性能、体成分组成以及肝脏生化指标的影响

为研究不同水平复合蛋白源在大口黑鲈配合饲料中等量替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈(micropterus salmoides)生长性能、体成分组成以及肝脏部分生化指标的影响,在基础饲料中用复合蛋白源分别等量替代0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、30%的鱼粉,配置成6种配方成本逐步下降的试验饲料,饲养初始体重约为100 g/尾的大口黑鲈60 d。结果显示:①大口黑鲈配合饲料中使用复合蛋白源等量替代鱼粉对大口黑鲈的存活率没有显著影响(P>0.05);各替代组的增重率、饲料系数与对照组均没有显著差异(P>0.05),其中以5%复合蛋白源等量替代鱼粉组的增重率最高,饲料系数最低。②随着饲料中复合蛋白源替代鱼粉水平的上升,大口黑鲈的肥满度呈现先升高后下降的趋势,其中以20%替代组的最高,但各组与对照组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05);不同含量复合蛋白源等量替代鱼粉各组的脏体比、肝体比与对照组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。③饲料中不同水平复合蛋白源等量替代鱼粉对各试验组大口黑鲈肌肉中的水分、灰分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质、必需氨基酸、非必须氨基酸、单一氨基酸以及总氨基酸含量均没有显著影响(P>0.05)。④各试验组肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性均高于对照组,其中30%含量替代组较对照组提高77.5%(P<0.05)。随着饲料中复合蛋白源替代鱼粉水平的上升,试验鱼肝脏的丙二醛(MDA)含量明显下降,当替代水平达到10%～30%时,肝脏的MDA含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。15%、20%、30%复合蛋白源等量替代鱼粉后的过氧化物酶(POD)活性分别较对照组提高72.2%、170.2%、69.6%(P<0.05)。各替代组的谷丙转氨酶(GPT)活性与对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),但谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。上述结果表明,利用5%～30%的复合蛋白源等量替代大口黑鲈配合饲料中的鱼粉,对大口黑鲈的生长性能、体成分组成和氨基酸组成没有显著影响,但可以提高肝脏SOD、POD活性,降低肝脏MDA含量,同时也会提高肝脏谷草转氨酶活性。     

膨化全脂油菜籽粉对生长猪生产性能的影响

选择体重为20kg±2kg的健康杜×长×大生长猪60头,随机分为5处理（每处理3重复,每重复有4头猪）,分别饲喂0％、5％、10％、15％、20％膨化全脂油菜籽粉（EFFRM）日粮,各处理日粮中EFFRM以等能等可消化氨基酸基础取代大豆蛋白。试猪自由采食和饮水,试验期40d。试验用全脂菜籽为“双高”品种,采用干法膨化加工。试验结果显示：试猪采食量和日增重随日粮中EFFRM用量的增加呈先上升（5％用量）后明显下降（10％～20％用量）的规律;5％EFFRM处理的采食量和增重在数值上高于0％处理,差异未达显著水平（P〉0．05）,但显著高于10％处理（P〈0．05）,极显著高于15％、20％处理（P〈0．01）：各处理的单位增重耗料（FCR）无显著差异（P〉0．05）,在数值上仍以5％、0％处理最低。以上结果表明,20-40kg猪日粮中“双高”来源的EFFRM用量以5％为宜,用量10％及以上会显著影响猪的采食量,降低生长速度。     

新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响

在基础饲料中以新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代基础饲料中20％、40％、60％、80％、100％的鱼粉,制成6种等氮等能的饲料(分别记为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,Ⅵ为对照组),饲养泥鳅50 d,通过比较各饲料组泥鳅的生长性能和抗氧化指标,研究新型蝇蛆蛋白饲料替代鱼粉对泥鳅生长性能和非特异性免疫力的影响.试验结果表明,随着饲料中新型蝇蛆...     

Effects of different heat treatments during processing of soybean meal on nursery and growing pig performance

Four soybean meals (SBM) were manufactured in a commercial solvent-extraction plant to give a much wider range in heat treatment than is usually found among commercially available SBM. The SBM were designated in ascending order of heat treatment as Under, Normal, Over and Rumen Escape. The nutritive value of the four meals was evaluated in a series of five feeding trials using 458 pigs: two performance and two diet preference trials with pigs weaned at 4 wk of age and one performance trial with growing pigs (17.4 kg initial weight were conducted). In both nursery and grower trials, there were no differences (P greater than .10) in performance of pigs fed the four meals. However, in the nursery trials, the severely heated meal (Rumen Escape) supported slightly lower gains (6.4%) and less desirable feed efficiency (3.5%) than the average of the other three meals. Growing pig performance was essentially the same for all meals. This suggests that older pigs either used the Rumen Escape meal more effectively than nursery pigs, or the Rumen Escape diet contained adequate digestible lysine for 17.4-kg pigs to grow optimally. In the preference studies, pigs selected between Normal- and Rumen Escape-supplemented diets. Pigs consumed 63 and 62% of the Normal diet in preference trials 1 and 2, but these differences were not significant (P greater than .10) due to the large variation among pens. These data suggest that the range of heat treatment normally found among commercially available SBM (Under, Normal and Over meals) has no effect on the nutritive value of the meal for swine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸、植酸酶对花鲈幼鱼生长性能及养殖水质的影响

试验旨在研究不同比例发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸、植酸酶对花鲈生长性能和养殖水质的影响。选取初始体重为(13.00±0.02)g的花鲈400尾,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复20尾鱼。在42 d的饲养期间分别投喂5种试验饲料,即高鱼粉组(36%鱼粉+8%发酵豆粕)、中鱼粉组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)、包膜氨基酸组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)、植酸酶组(31%鱼粉+20%发酵豆粕)和低鱼粉组(26%鱼粉+32%发酵豆粕),分别记为G0、G1、G2、G3和G4。试验结果显示,与G0组相比,G1、G2组和G3组花鲈的末均重、增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P0.05),G4组与G0组无显著差异(P0.05)。与G1组相比,G2组饲料系数显著下降(P0.05)。G3组中饲料系数低于G1组,但差异不显著(P0.05)。与G0组相比,G4组中花鲈的肝体比显著下降(P0.05)。各组间成活率和肥满度无显著差异(P0.05)。各组间花鲈全鱼体成分及水体pH值、溶氧量和总氮差异不显著(P0.05)。第14 d之后,G2组和G3组亚硝酸盐氮含量显著低于G0组(P0.05)。第21 d之后,G2、G3组和G4组水体总磷含量显著低于G0组(P0.05),其中第28 d,G3组比G0组降低26.92%。第28 d之后,G0组氨氮含量显著高于其它组(P0.05)。发酵豆粕替代鱼粉及添加包膜氨基酸和植酸酶可提高花鲈的生长性能,降低养殖水质中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和磷的排放,改善花鲈养殖水质。     

味精菌体蛋白替代豆粕对生长猪生产性能的影响

为研究味精菌体蛋白替代豆粕对生长猪生产性能的影响,选择体重30kg生长猪60头,随机分成对照组和试验1～4组,每组3重复,每重复4头,试验期30d。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验1～4组分别饲喂味精菌体蛋白替代基础饲粮中20%、40%、60%和80%豆粕的饲粮。结果表明:平均日采食量整体随替代比例的增加而逐渐降低(P>0.05);平均日增重随替代比例的增加而逐渐降低,对照组和试验1组都显著高与试验3组和试验4组(P<0.05);饲料转化率随替代比例的增加而逐渐降低(P>0.05);增重耗料成本随替代比例的增加呈先降低后升高的趋势(P>0.05),试验1组和试验2组最低。建议替代比例在20%以内为宜。     

Effect of biotin and(or) lysine additions to corn-soybean meal diets on the performance and nutrient balance of growing pigs

Supplementation of a basal corn-soybean meal diet with 0 or .2% L-lysine and 0, .25 or .55 ppm biotin produced six dietary treatments in a factorial arrangement. Pig performance, post-weaning scour scores, plasma urea N (PUN) levels, N and energy balance and liver pyruvate carboxylase activity (PC) were response criteria. Crossbred pigs were fed from weaning at 4 wk of age (8.0 kg) to market weight in performance trials utilizing 552 pigs in the 35-d starter period and 384 pigs in the subsequent grower (about 21 to 50 kg) and finisher (about 50 to 95 kg) periods. Pigs remained on their respective dietary treatments for the entire experiment. Energy and N balance trials were conducted utilizing 36 barrows from the grower period (avg 44.7 kg) and 36 barrows from the finisher period (avg 90.3 kg) of the performance study. Barrows were sacrificed following completion of the 6-d collection periods to measure liver PC activity. The basal starter diet contained 17.0% crude protein (CP), 86% lysine and .22 ppm biotin. Increasing the corn:soybean meal ratio reduced the dietary levels of CP, lysine and biotin to 14.8%, .69% and .19 ppm for the basal grower diet and to 11.1%, .50% and .17 ppm, respectively, for the basal finisher diet. Lysine supplementation improved (P less than .05) average daily feed intake and average daily gain for all periods, gain:feed ratios for the starter and grower periods and reduced (P less than .01) PUN levels at the end of the starter and finisher periods.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effects of substituting soya bean meal (SBM) with blood meal (BM) on biochemical profile of pregnant pigs

Twenty-four Large White × Landrace crossbreed primigravid pigs, aged 7.50 to 8.00 months weighing between 86.15 and 88.24 kg were used to study the effects of feeding graded levels of soya bean meal (SBM) replaced blood meal (BM) diets on serum biochemical profile in gestating pigs. The pigs were randomly allotted to four finisher diets formulated such that BM replaced SBM at 0.0, 50.0, 75.0 and 100.0 %, respectively. The diets were T1 (100.0 % SBM, 0.0 % BM), T2 (50.0 % SBM, 50.0 % BM), T3 (25.0 % SBM, 75.0 % BM) and T4 (0.0 % SBM, 100.0 % BM). Individual animal’s daily ration of the test diets was 2.20, 2.00 and 2.50 kg at stages one, two and three of gestation. Blood sampling and analysis for the effects of the test diets on biochemical profile of the experimental animals were carried out prior to conception, at weeks 3, 7 and 11 of gestation, respectively. The result showed no significant (P?≥?0.05) dietary treatment effects on total protein, albumin, globulin fraction, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urea profile of the pigs fed with BM diets when compared to the control fed with 100.0 % SBM. There was however a significant (P?≤?0.05) variation in these biochemical indices in all the experimental groups at different stages of gestation. It was concluded that BM can replace 100.0 % of SBM in the diets of pregnant pigs in the tropical humid environment without any deleterious effect on their health.     

不同铜源对生长猪生产性能的影响

本试验采用单因素试验设计,选取48头平均体重为39kg的生长猪（杜×大×长）,按照体重接近、公母各半的原则随机分为4个处理组,每个处理3个重复,每个重复4头猪。4个处理组分别为：基础日粮（对照组）,即处理组1：处理组2、3、4分别在基础日粮中添加150mg／kg碱式氯化铜、200mg／kg碱式氯化铜、200mg/kg五水硫酸铜。探讨碱式氯化铜对生长猪生产性能的影响,并确定适宜添加量。试验结果表明：在日粮中添加200mg／kg碱式氯化铜能够显著提高生长猪的平均日增重（P〈0．05）,降低平均日采食量（P〉0．05）,改善料重比（P〉0．05）。因此,碱式氯化铜能有效替代五水硫酸铜作为生长猪的促生长剂。     

Effects of fish meal replacement with Chlorella meal on growth performance,pigmentation, and liver health of largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides)

Chlorella meal is a potential protein source for aquafeeds. However, the physiological response of carnivorous fish fed Chlorella meal remains elusive. This study evaluated the effects of replacing dietary fish meal with Chlorella meal on growth performance, pigmentation, and liver health in largemouth bass.Five diets were formulated to replace dietary fish meal of 0%(C0, control), 25%(C25), 50%(C50), 75%(C75), and 100%(C100) with Chlorella meal, respectively. Total 300 fish(17.6 ± 0.03 g) were ...     

饲粮中添加植酸酶对猪生长性能和血清生化指标的影响

选用体重约30kg的杜长大三元杂交生长猪96头,随机分成4个处理组,每组6个重复,每重复4头猪,公母各半。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,B、C、D组为试验组(每千克饲粮分别以250、500、750U植酸酶取代基础饲粮中的40%、60%、80%磷酸氢钙)。以研究玉米-豆粕型饲粮中添加植酸酶对生长猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。42d的饲养试验结果表明:与对照组相比,B、C、D组的平均日增重分别提高了1.05%(P>0.05)、4.09%(P<0.05)、2.64%(P>0.05);料重比与对照组相比分别降低了2.18%、2.62%、1.75%;每千克增重的饲料成本分别是对照组的97.38%、97.03%和97.73%。血清中钙含量分别提高了4.22%、4.22%、8.12%(P<0.05);血清中磷含量分别提高了1.46%、0.36%、14.23%(P<0.05),其它生化指标各试验组间无明显差异。     

鸡肉粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉对鲤鱼生产性能影响研究

近年来,我国水产养殖以每年近1 0 %的速度递增,进口鱼粉的供应量和价格对水产饲料及水产养殖具有极大的影响。从营养组成和消化率来看,鱼粉属优质动物蛋白质,但世界鱼粉的供应量将日益紧缺,寻求鱼粉替代动物蛋白质是我国水产业未来发展的一个重要研究方向。鸡肉粉和肉骨粉作为动物蛋白质原料,若能在水产饲料中替代鱼粉,将有重大的经济意义。我们通过饲养试验比较进口肉骨粉与鸡肉粉替代不同比例鱼粉对鲤鱼生产性能的影响,同时研究合成AA的添加效果,从而探讨肉骨粉与鸡肉粉替代鱼粉的适宜水平,为生产和科研积累应用资料。1　材料与方法1 1…     

日粮中血粉替代鱼粉对草鱼生长和肌肉氨基酸组成的影响

试验旨在研究血粉替代部分鱼粉对草鱼生长及肌肉营养成分的影响。以含鱼粉12%日粮为对照组,以血粉分别替代对照组饲料中25%、50%和75%的鱼粉,配制3种试验饲料,投喂平均体质量194.0 g的草鱼64 d。结果表明,各试验组草鱼摄食量下降,增重率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),但25%血粉替代组草鱼饲料系数、肝体比、脏体比、肌肉粗脂肪的含量与对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05),而50%和75%血粉替代组的饲料系数、肌肉粗脂肪明显升高;与对照组相比较,各血粉替代组的粗蛋白含量、粗灰分含量、必需氨基酸总量和鲜味氨基酸总量均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综合分析表明,血粉代替草鱼日粮中鱼粉的量为25%时,可以获得较好的效果。