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竹山县位于湖北西北部。属中稻产区,常年水稻种植面积6667hm^2左右。对稻飞虱的发生规律进行探研,对2007年暴发特点及成因进行分析,将有利于以后的预测预报,采取科学防控措施。1 稻飞虱发生规律1.11974年以来稻飞虱发生情况近34年以来稻飞虱发生程度:1—2级24年,3-4级6年,5级4年。大发生年份分别为1982年、1991年、2002年、2007年,田间百蔸虫量平均分别为4672头、3916头、2800头、3700头,发生面积分别为5000hm^2、5533hm^2、5333hm^2、6467hm^2。 相似文献
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由于稻飞虱发生为害具有迁飞性、隐蔽性、突发性、分布不均衡性、暴发性等特点,给防治工作带来了很大的难度。因此,研究稻飞虱发生为害特点、分析其大发生的原因,从而制定科学的防控技术措施,是我们面临的突出问题。1发生特点1·1发生早,田间虫量高2006年的稻飞虱迁入我市的时间为4月20日,比常年要早。6月2日调查早稻田最高百蔸虫量达1980头,同期虫量历年少见,第4代稻飞虱在部分中稻田块特大发生,个别田块最高百蔸虫量达到10万头,实属罕见。第5代稻飞虱在晚稻上大发生,百蔸虫量最高4万头。1·2发生面积大、范围广我市水稻种植面积3·33万hm2… 相似文献
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2012年重庆地区稻飞虱发生原因与防控对策 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2012年重庆地区水稻生育期延迟、稻飞虱迁入时间早、迁入虫量大和环境条件有利于稻飞虱的繁殖与为害。分析2012年稻飞虱大发生的原因,并提出行之有效的防控措施。 相似文献
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稻飞虱是监利县水稻上的主要虫害,2006年特大发生,是自1975年以来最严重的1年.据统计,中晚稻飞虱累计发生面积9万hm2,是种植面积的1.4倍.防治面积38万hm2(次),挽回粮食损失5.77万t.虽经过大力防治,但中稻"穿顶"面积仍有0.45万hm2,占中稻面积的5%,晚稻零星"穿顶",全县因稻飞虱为害造成粮食损失2.5万t.分析2006年稻飞虱大发生原因,总结防治工作中存在的问题,对指导今后的防治工作具有积极意义. 相似文献
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新疆奇台县近42a气候变化特征分析 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4
根据新疆奇台县气象站的气温及降水资料,利用线性趋势函数及M ann-kendall突变检测法分析了该地区近42年的气候变化。结果表明:年平均气温与极端最低气温均呈上升趋势,而极端最高气温呈下降趋势;年降水量呈上升趋势。从季节变化来看,除夏季平均气温呈下降趋势,其它各季平均气温均呈上升趋势,其中以冬季增幅最大,秋季次之;各季降水均呈上升趋势,其中以夏季增幅最大,冬季次之。年平均气温未发生突变,而年降水量在1984年发生由少向多的突变。对气温和降水的异常分析得出,暖温年多发生在上世纪80年代后,冷温年多发生在上世纪60、70年代;多雨年主要在近20年,少雨年则多在上世纪60、70年代。此外,该县近42 a来增暖幅度小于全疆和北疆;增湿幅度大于全疆,小于北疆。 相似文献
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综述了我国苜蓿主要病害的分布和危害、病原学、发生规律、抗性种质材料的遗传筛选和鉴定及综合防治等方面的主要研究进展,并提出了今后的研究方向和发展目标。 相似文献
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Cees Waalwijk Pieter Kastelein Ineke de Vries Zoltan Kerényi Theo van der Lee Thamara Hesselink Jürgen Köhl Gert Kema 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):743-754
The re-emergence of fusarium head blight throughout the world and especially in Western Europe prompted a survey of the situation in the Netherlands. To allow for a high throughput screening of large numbers of samples, a diagnostic PCR method was developed to detect the most common species of Fusarium occurring on wheat. Seven primer pairs were tested for their ability to identify isolates of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. poae, F. proliferatum and Microdochium nivale var. majus and M. nivale var. nivale. Each primer pair only generated a PCR product with the corresponding Fusarium species and all PCR fragments had different molecular sizes. This allowed the generation of these amplicons using a mixture of all seven primer pairs. The robustness of this multiplex PCR encouraged us to screen a large series of isolates collected in 2000 and 2001. In both years 40 fields were sampled leading to a collection of 209 isolates from 2000 and 145 isolates from 2001. The results of the multiplex PCR demonstrated that F. graminearum was the most abundant species in the Fusarium complex on wheat in both years. This is in sharp contrast to reports from the 1980s and early 1990s, which found F. culmorum as the predominant species. Primers derived from the tri7 and tri13 genes, which are implicated in the acetylation and oxygenation of the C-4 atom of the backbone of the trichothecene molecule, were used to discriminate between deoxynivalenol and nivalenol (NIV) producers. The populations of F. culmorum and F. graminearum both showed a slight increase in NIV-producers in 2001. 相似文献
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弹状病毒含有单链负义RNA基因组,寄主范围比较广泛,能侵染无脊椎动物、脊椎动物以及植物等寄主,对人类的健康、农作物产量和自然生态系统造成严重威胁。植物弹状病毒主要根据复制场所分为细胞质弹状病毒属Cytorhabdovirus和细胞核弹状病毒属Nucleorhabdovirus,其基因组由单股负链RNA组成。此外,Dichorhavirus和Varicosavirus病毒属是两个新鉴定的植物弹状病毒属,其特征是具有二分体基因组。本文着重介绍危害我国农作物的几类植物弹状病毒,对它们的病理学、病害流行、基因组信息以及传播媒介进行概述,为中国植物弹状病毒病害的研究提供理论依据。 相似文献
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Variation in pesticide residues in space and time has not been investigated systematically in spite of the large variability found at single scales (e.g. between trees or orchards). Information on variability at different scales will support the development of sampling methods and more reliable prediction of residues. Experiments were conducted to quantify the spatiotemporal variability in initial spray deposit on apple leaves and fruit using a substitute tracer (zinc EDTA chelate). Five hierarchical spatial scales were defined as (1) between orchards, (2) between plots within an orchard, (3) between trees within a plot, (4) between zones within a tree and (5) between leaves/fruit within a zone. Similarly, two temporal scales were defined as (1) between applications within a single year and (2) between years. The initial zinc concentration was approximately log-normally distributed; the variability in initial deposit concentration was greater on leaves than on fruit. The average initial zinc deposition was significantly greater in the top and outside zones than in the middle zones within individual trees. The most important scale for driving residue variability is the within-zone unit-to-unit variation, contributing to 71 and 49% of the observed variability for leaf and fruit samples respectively. Variability at other scales was related to the variation in the tree architecture. The results indicated that stratified sampling on the basis of within-tree zone structures, with the effort focused on within-zone sampling, should be used for the determination of pesticide residues. 相似文献