平顶山市分离到一株鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒

最近我们从平顶山市某养鸡场的发病鸡群中分离到１株病毒（ＰＳ株）。分离毒经鸡胚传代后可使鸡胚出现死亡、卷曲胚或侏儒胚;不能直接凝集１％鸡红细胞,经１％胰酶处理后能凝集鸡红细胞;干扰试验表明分离毒有干扰ＮＤＬａＳｏｔａ株在鸡胚上生长的特性;中和试验表明分离毒与Ｍ４１株抗原性差异较大,而与Ｔ株抗原性基本一致,这与肾型ＩＢＶ一致;电镜观察到的病毒粒子具有典型的冠状结构;回归试验能使雏鸡死亡,出现肾脏肿大、肾小管和输尿管充满白色尿酢盐沉积等特征性病变。因此认为分离毒为肾型ＩＢＶ。分离到的ＰＳ株是从外地购买…     

禽腺病毒家禽分离株的生物学特性

为了解禽腺病毒(FAV)家禽分离株的致病性,通过病毒凝集试验、电镜观察、细胞病变试验以及接种鸡胚或鸡体,研究了3株A型FAV分离株的生物学特性。结果表明,分离株具有腺病毒的典型形态,不能凝集鸡的红细胞;不引起鸡胚成纤维细胞的病变,可导致鸡胚肾细胞变圆、折光性增强;对SPF鸡胚无明显致病作用;以1.0×1010TCID50的剂量,经皮下注射和口服2种途径接种1日龄的SPF鸡,攻毒后未出现明显的临床症状,体重和免疫器官的重量基本不受影响,除肝脏出现一过性病变,大部分脏器基本无病变。因此,FAV分离株致病性低,生物安全性高,可能是较好的FAV载体。     

传染性法氏囊病病毒 PY05 株的分离鉴定

为了分离到鸡传染性法氏囊病（Infectious bursal disease,IBD）病毒,从河南省濮阳地区某疑似感染鸡法氏囊病病毒的鸡场采集病料,用SPF鸡胚对病毒进行分离培养,通过琼脂扩散试验和RT-PCR扩增VP4片段对其进行鉴定。结果显示该毒株能引起鸡胚规律性死亡,且出现CAM增厚、鸡胚出血等明显病变;待检抗原、标准阳性血清之间出现阳性沉淀线;琼脂电泳得到大小约为1200bp片段,与预期结果相符。结果证明该分离株为IBDV地方株,并命名为PY05株。     

禽腺病毒QU分离株的致病性及细胞适应性研究

QU分离株是一株类似产蛋下降综合征病毒,属于鸭腺病毒1型病毒。通过人工感染和细胞增殖试验,结果显示QU分离株接种无特定病原雏鸡未出现临床病症及生长发育障碍,不致死鸡胚,对鸭胚的致死率明显比引起产蛋下降的HS株低。QU株在鸡胚肝细胞、鸭胚成纤维细胞及鸡胚成纤维细胞上生长良好,产生典型细胞病变,且在鸡胚肝细胞上的增殖滴度最高,但不适应鸡胚肾细胞。这些数据说明QU株系对鸡具有低毒力的腺病毒,有可能用作禽用基因疫苗或基因治疗的候选病毒载体。     

肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒新疆株的生物学特性研究

通过致病力试验和免疫原性检测对肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒新疆株(IBVXJ-2株)进行生物学特性的研究。致病力检测结果证实,IBVXJ-2株可以致SPF鸡胚卷缩、僵化,EID50达10-8.3/0.1 mL;鸡胚肾细胞在接毒后96 h出现皱缩、脱落等明显的细胞病变;对20日龄非免疫鸡攻毒后第2天,试验鸡出现甩鼻、伸颈张口呼吸等症状。将IBVXJ-2株抗原经乳化后接种1月龄非免疫鸡,在接种后22 d和44 d用ELISA和HI检测到了IBV特异性抗体。     

6株牛支原体分离株对鸡胚和小鼠的致病性研究

为通过复制不同牛支原体(Mycoplasma bovis)感染模型,筛选出毒力较强的M.bovis分离株,本研究采用等浓度的6株M.bovis分离株(W70、1738、677、Q1、Q3、JX02)感染7日龄健康鸡胚和6周龄～8周龄SPF级BALB/c小鼠,观察并比较各组受试动物死亡情况及病理剖检变化,取死亡鸡胚尿囊液或卵黄液,以及小鼠肺组织进行病原学分离培养和PCR鉴定.实验结果表明:各感染组BALB/c小鼠虽然出现一定程度的体重增长抑制,但小鼠并无任何临床呼吸道症状和病理剖检变化,并且病原学分离培养及PCR鉴定结果也均为阴性.在鸡胚感染试验中,6株M.bovis分离株对鸡胚表现出较好的感染性和致死性.感染组鸡胚致死率与对照组比较差异极显著(p＜0.01),而6个分离株间鸡胚致死率也表现出显著差异(p＜0.01).其中,以W70株感染后鸡胚死亡率最高,达63.3％;677株感染后死亡率最低,仅为20％,鸡胚死亡情况大多发生在感染后一周内,而后期仅有零星死亡.综合上述实验结果,初步筛选出W70株、1738株、Q1株、Q3株为毒力相对较强的分离株;与此同时,BALB/c小鼠的建模还需进一步研究.     

鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒的分离鉴定

从安徽省巢湖地区鸡群中出现的以肾肿大为主要特征的呼吸道疾病的病例中分离到1株病毒,易感雏鸡,病死鸡出现肾肿大、苍白呈花斑状、大量尿酸盐沉积;鸡胚连续盲传至第5代时开始出现死亡和侏儒胚.电镜观察可见80～120nm的病毒颗粒.分离病毒在鸡胚上可干扰新城疫病毒clone-30株的增殖.上述试验证实所分离的病毒为鸡肾型传染性支气管炎病毒,暂定名为NIBV-AH99.     

鸡胚母源抗体对鸡新城疫病毒增殖影响的研究

试验用SPF鸡胚和普通鸡胚分别测定鸡新城疫LaSota两种不同毒株的EID50:LaSota株Ⅰ在SPF鸡胚的EID50为10-7.75,普通鸡胚的EID50为10-7.25;LaSota株Ⅱ在SPF鸡胚的EID50为10-4.75,普通鸡胚的EID50为10-4.25。两种不同LaSota毒株在SPF鸡胚中的毒力普遍比在普通鸡胚中的毒力强,说明鸡胚母源抗体能影响鸡新城疫病毒的增殖,进而指导疫苗的生产。试验用SPF鸡胚和普通鸡胚分别测定鸡新城疫LaSota两种不同毒株的EID50:LaSota株Ⅰ在SPF鸡胚的EID50为10-7.75,普通鸡胚的EID50为10-7.25;LaSota株Ⅱ在SPF鸡胚的EID50为10-4.75,普通鸡胚的EID50为10-4.25。两种不同LaSota毒株在SPF鸡胚中的毒力普遍比在普通鸡胚中的毒力强,说明鸡胚母源抗体能影响鸡新城疫病毒的增殖,进而指导疫苗的生产。     

一株肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的初步分离鉴定

从哈尔滨市某肉鸡养殖场疑似传染性支气管炎的病死鸡中分离到1株肾型IBV,并对其进行鸡胚矮小化、血凝性、电镜下特征、新城疫干扰试验、致病性等生物学鉴定和N基因的RT-PCR鉴定。结果表明,该病毒分离株在鸡胚上传至第四代(F)4开始出现死亡或侏儒胚;病毒不凝集鸡红细胞;透射电镜下可见多呈球形、直径约80～120nm的病毒粒子,具有冠状病毒的典型形态特点;该病毒可干扰新城疫LaSota株在鸡胚中的增殖;将分离毒第4代尿囊液接种于6日龄雏鸡,7d后开始出现死亡,死亡率高达67%(6/9),病死鸡剖解后可见肾脏明显肿大、苍白,具有传染性支气管炎的典型病变;分离毒第5代尿囊液经N基因特异性RT-PCR获得大小约438bp的目的片断。初步确定所分离病毒为肾型IBV。     

肾型鸡传染性支气管炎病毒的分离与鉴定

从我省某鸡场有一定性呼吸道症状及剖检肾肿的病鸡中分离到一株病毒，该病毒接种易感鸡可在２４－４８小时出现呼吸道症状，病鸡多数肾肿大、苍白，可致死部分鸡胚和产生侏儒胚，能在鸡胚中干扰鸡新城疫病毒ＬａｓＯＴａ株的生长；但不能凝集鸡红细胞，电镜观察见直径约１３０ｎｍ的圆形颗粒病毒，初步鉴定分离株是鸡传染性支气管炎病毒。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.