秸秆覆盖对旱地土壤水分及冬小麦水分利用效率的影响

【目的】研究秸秆覆盖方式与覆盖量对冬小麦田土壤水分及冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。【方法】在陕西渭北旱塬,通过连续2年(2007-2009)的不同秸秆覆盖方式(全程覆盖、生育期覆盖、不覆盖(CK)与不同覆盖量(9000,6000,3000kg/hm2)的大田试验,研究秸秆覆盖对土壤水分及冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响。【结果】2年的定位试验结果表明,同一覆盖方式不同覆盖量处理的土壤含水量与覆盖量呈正相关;同一覆盖量不同覆盖方式下土壤含水量表现为全程覆盖优于生育期覆盖和CK;全程覆盖方式9000,6000和3000kg/hm2覆盖量处理0～200cm土层平均含水量较生育期覆盖分别提高了11.5%,10.0%和8.0%,较CK分别提高了19.2%,12.9%和8.8%;全程覆盖方式和生育期覆盖方式下,小麦的水分利用效率均以覆盖量为3000kg/hm2处理最大,其中全程覆盖方式的水分利用效率较CK增加了31.5%(P0.05),生育期覆盖方式下2年平均的水分利用效率较CK增加了12.8%(P0.05);不同覆盖量在全程覆盖方式下冬小麦产量较CK增加41.1%～65.7%(P0.05),在生育期覆盖方式下冬小麦产量较CK增加了27.1%～30.2%(P0.05)。【结论】同一秸秆覆盖方式不同覆盖量均可增加冬小麦产量,而同一覆盖量下以全程覆盖方式的增产效果较优;覆盖量为3000kg/hm2时,2种覆盖方式的冬小麦水分利用效率均最大。     

Alternate row mulching optimizes soil temperature and water conditions and improves wheat yield in dryland farming

Straw mulching allows for effective water storage in dryland wheat production. Finding a suitable straw mulching model that facilitates wheat growth was the objective of this study. A 2-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of two straw mulching patterns(FM, full coverage within all the rows; HM, half coverage within alternate rows) and two mulching rates(4.5 and 9.0 t ha~(–1)) on soil moisture, soil temperature, grain yield, and water use efficiency(WUE) of winter wheat in northern China, with no mulching(M0) as the control. Results showed that mulching increased the soil water storage in all growth stages under high mulching rates, with a stronger effect in later growth stages. Water storage under the HM model was greater in later stages than under the FM model. Soil water content of HM groups was higher than that of FM groups, especially in surface soil layers. Evapotranspiration decreased in mulched groups and was higher under high mulching rates. Aboveground biomass during each growth stage under the HM model was higher than that under M0 and FM models with the same mulched rate, leading to a relatively higher grain yield under the HM model. Mulching increased WUE, a trend that was more obvious under HM9.0 treatment. Warming effect of soil temperature under the HM pattern persisted longer than under the FM model with the same mulching rates. Accumulated soil temperature under mulched treatments increased, and the period of negative soil temperature decreased by 9–12 days under FM and by 10–20 days under HM. Thus, the HM pattern with 9.0 t ha–1 mulching rate is beneficial for both soil temperature and water content management and can contribute to high yields and high WUE for wheat production in China.     

不同覆膜栽培方式对天水旱地冬油菜生长、产量和水分利用效率的影响

以全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土、全膜平铺、起垄膜侧和露地栽培5种处理方式,研究了不同覆膜栽培方式对冬油菜生育期、越冬率、产量和经济性状、水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：全膜双垄沟播、全膜覆土、全膜平铺、起垄膜侧 栽培冬油菜,均能不同程度影响冬油菜单株经济性状,提高水分利用效率和越冬率,增加产量,缩短生育期;其中全膜双垄沟播栽培效果最好,水分利用效率比露地栽培（对照）提高3.4 kg·mm^-1·hm^-2,生育期缩短7 d,越冬率提高24.5%,产量达3 194.46 kg·hm^-2,增产42.8%;全膜平铺栽培增产33.9%,全膜覆土栽培增产26.0%,起垄膜侧栽培增产24.8%。     

不同畦灌方式对冬小麦土壤水分和水分利用效率的影响

通过田间畦灌试验,研究了冬小麦主要生育阶段的需水规律,分析了不同畦灌方式对冬小麦土壤水分及水分利用效率的影响,评价不同畦灌处理下的灌水质量及节水效益。结果表明,冬小麦灌浆期对水分需求量最大;与漫灌(CK）处理相比,冬小麦畦灌小区30 m×3 m的灌水均匀度与灌溉效率最高,达到93.33%和84.46%,耗水量减少了5.96%,产量增加了25.30%,水分利用效率提高了33.24%,增收1561.61元·hm^-2。结合当地实际生产情况,推 广适宜的畦灌模式是入畦单宽流量5 L·m^-1·s^-1,畦宽3 m左右,畦长30 m左右为宜。     

沟垄全覆盖种植方式对旱地玉米生长及水分利用效率的影响

2008-2010年在渭北旱塬区,以沟不覆盖为对照(CK),研究垄上覆地膜沟内分别覆普通地膜(PP)、生物降解膜(PB)、玉米秸秆(PS)和液体地膜(PL)4种沟垄全覆盖种植模式对土壤水温、玉米生长、产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,在玉米生长前期,PP、PB和PS处理可明显提高0-200 cm土壤蓄水量;生育中期,PS处理蓄水保墒效果最为显著;生育后期,各沟垄全覆盖处理与对照的土壤蓄水量无显著差异;整个生育期PL处理与CK的土壤蓄水量差异不显著.PP和PB处理3a玉米生育期5-25 cm平均土壤温度分别较CK增高1.6℃和1.3℃,PS处理降低1.9℃,而PL处理与CK无显著差异.PP和PB的增温保水效应使玉米株高、叶面积及地上生物量均高于CK;PS处理的降温效应促进玉米中后期生长,其株高、叶面积及地上生物量均高于CK;PL处理对玉米各生长指标影响不显著.与CK相比,PP、PB和PS处理3a平均的籽粒产量分别提高13.0％、13.8％和15.0％,水分利用效率分别提高9.8％、10.2％和11.6％.可见,垄覆地膜沟覆地膜、生物降解膜或秸秆的沟垄全覆盖种植可明显改善土壤的水温状况,促进玉米生长,从而显著提高作物产量和水分利用效率,对渭北旱塬区春玉米丰产栽培具有重要指导意义.     

冬小麦叶片水分利用效率和光合速率研究

以北京大兴实验站冬小麦为研究对象,依据涡度相关系统和光合测定仪实测数据,分析了冬小麦在叶片和农田尺度上的水分利用率变化特征,并探讨了净光合速率与CO2通量之间的关系.研究发现:冬小麦田间CO2通量与净光合速率在抽穗期最大,拔节期、开花期和灌浆期相差不大;作物水分利用效率的日变化规律在农田尺度和叶片尺度基本相似,即早8:...     

不同肥力下生育后期干旱对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

采用防雨棚下池栽试验,研究了不同肥力下冬小麦生育后期水分亏缺对冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,冬小麦干物质积累量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数、产量均随土壤肥力和含水量的提高而呈增加的趋势,且与全生育期充分灌溉相比,各干旱胁迫处理的干物质积累量、千粒重、穗数、穗粒数、产量的降幅均随土壤肥力的提高而减小,其中土壤水分含...     

Integrated management strategy for improving the grain yield and nitrogen-use efficiency of winter wheat

Understanding of how combinations of agronomic options can be used to improve the grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) of winter wheat is limited. A three-year experiment involving four integrated management strategies was conducted from 2013 to 2015 in Tai'an, Shandong Province, China, to evaluate changes in grain yield and NUE. The integrated management treatments were as follows: current practice(T1); improvement of current practice(T2); high-yield management(T3), which aimed to maximize grain yield regardless of the cost of resource inputs; and integrated soil and crop system management(T4) with a higher seeding rate, delayed sowing date, and optimized nutrient management. Seeding rates increased by 75 seeds m~(–2) with each treatment from T1(225 seeds m~(–2)) to T4(450 seeds m~(–2)). The sowing dates were delayed from T1(5 th Oct.) to T2 and T3(8 th Oct.), and to T4 treatment(12 th Oct.). T1, T2, T3, and T4 received 315, 210, 315, and 240 kg N ha~(–1), 120, 90, 210 and 120 kg P_2O_5 ha~(–1), 30, 75, 90, and 45 kg K_2O ha~(–1), respectively. The ratio of basal application to topdressing for T1, T2, T3, and T4 was 6:4, 5:5, 4:6, and 4:6, respectively, with the N topdressing applied at regreening for T1 and at jointing stage for T2, T3, and T4. The P fertilizers in all treatments were applied as basal fertilizer. The K fertilizer for T1 and T2 was applied as basal fertilizer while the ratio of basal application to topdressing(at jointing stage) of K fertilizer for both T3 and T4 was 6:4. T1, T2, T3, and T4 were irrigated five, four, four and three times, respectively. Treatment T3 produced the highest grain yield among all treatments over three years and the average yield was 9 277.96 kg ha~(–1). Grain yield averaged across three years with the T4 treatment(8 892.93 kg ha~(–1)) was 95.85% of that with T3 and was 21.72 and 6.10% higher than that with T1(7 305.95 kg ha~(–1)) and T2(8 381.41 kg ha~(–1)), respectively. Treatment T2 produced the highest NUE of all the integrated treatments. The NUE with T4 was 95.36% of that with T2 and was 51.91 and 25.62% higher than that with T1 and T3, respectively. The N uptake efficiency(UPE) averaged across three years with T4 was 50.75 and 16.62% higher than that with T1and T3, respectively. The N utilization efficiency(UTE) averaged across three years with T4 was 7.74% higher than that with T3. The increased UPE with T4 compared with T3 could be attributed mostly to the lower available N in T4, while the increased UTE with T4 was mainly due to the highest N harvest index and low grain N concentration, which consequently led to improved NUE. The net profit for T4 was the highest among four treatments and was 174.94, 22.27, and 28.10% higher than that for T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Therefore, the T4 treatment should be a recommendable management strategy to obtain high grain yield, high NUE, and high economic benefits in the target region, although further improvements of NUE are required.     

Canopy morphological changes and water use efficiency in winter wheat under different irrigation treatments

Water is a key limiting factor in agriculture. Water resource shortages have become a serious threat to global food security. The development of water-saving irrigation techniques based on crop requirements is an important strategy to resolve water scarcity in arid and semi-arid regions. In this study, field experiments with winter wheat were performed at Wuqiao Experiment Station, China Agricultural University in two growing seasons in 2013–2015 to help develop such techniques. Three irrigation treatments were tested: no-irrigation(i.e., no water applied after sowing), limited-irrigation(i.e., 60 mm of water applied at jointing), and sufficient-irrigation(i.e., a total of 180 mm of water applied with 60 mm at turning green, jointing and anthesis stages, respectively). Leaf area index(LAI), light transmittance(LT), leaf angle(LA), transpiration rate(Tr), specific leaf weight, water use efficiency(WUE), and grain yield of winter wheat were measured. The highest WUE of wheat in the irrigated treatments was found under limited-irrigation and grain yield was only reduced by a small amount in this treatment compared to the sufficient irrigation treatment. The LAI and LA of wheat plants was lower under limited irrigation than sufficient irrigation, but canopy LT was greater. Moreover, the specific leaf weight of winter wheat was significantly lower under sufficient than limited irrigation conditions, while the leaf Tr was significantly higher. Correlation analysis showed that the increased LAI was associated with an increase in the leaf Tr, but the specific leaf weight had the opposite relationship with transpiration. Optimum WUE occurred over a reasonable range in leaf Tr. In conclusion, reduced irrigation can optimize wheat canopies and regulate water consumption, with only small reductions in final yield, ultimately leading to higher wheat WUE and water saving in arid and semi-arid regions.     

有机无机复混肥对冬小麦产量及其水分利用效率的影响

对农业废弃物采用生物发酵腐解,进行无害化、矿化和腐殖化处理,经干燥后添加一定比例的化肥以调节养分,加入成粒剂制成颗粒状有机无机复混肥。对获得的有机无机复混肥进行冬小麦田间试验,结果表明,有机无机复混肥可以促进冬小麦分蘖,改善冬小麦产量结构,提高冬小麦产量756.0～901.5kg/hm2;还可降低冬小麦耗水系数,提高冬小麦水分利用效率1.311～1.675kg/(mm·hm2)。     

免耕和秸秆覆盖对小麦、油菜水分利用效率的影响

通过田间定位试验和土壤水分的测定,探讨了免耕和秸秆覆盖还田对小麦、油菜土壤水分利用效率的影响.研究表明,稻草覆盖还田对土壤有明显的抑蒸保墒作用,其效果主要发生在土壤表层(0～10 cm),稻草覆盖对小麦的保墒效果大于油菜的保墒效果.小春阶段与对照相比,免耕和秸秆覆盖还田土壤储水量增加13 560～33 360 m3·hm-2,麦油的水分生产效率提高了5.9 %～26.9 %.     

贮墒旱作冬小麦耗水特征与水分利用效率

为探究华北地下水超采区冬小麦进一步减灌节水的有效栽培措施,2013—2016年,以石麦15为试材,进行只灌底墒水、生育期不灌溉的贮墒旱作模式(W0)与现行春季灌2水的节水灌溉模式(W2)比较试验,研究2种栽培模式对冬小麦耗水特征和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:1)W0与W2相比,3年平均产量降低16.6%,主要是因为穗数和穗粒数减少,库容降低,但千粒重明显增加;2)W0全生育期耗水强度较低,主要是拔节后耗水强度逐渐降低,其总耗水量比W2减少52mm;3)与W2相比,W0提高了土壤水分利用率,开花前较多地利用0~100cm土层的土壤贮水,成熟时耗水深度达到200cm,增加了对土壤深层贮水利用,麦收后多腾出土壤水分库容99mm,有利于接纳夏季降雨,减少汛期雨水损失;4)W0在减少灌溉用水150mm的条件下,获得6 600kg/hm~2以上产量,其水分利用效率与W2无显著差异,达到1.8kg/m~3以上。研究认为,在华北地下水超采区推广贮墒旱作模式,并与节水灌溉模式合理轮作,能大幅度减少灌溉用水并实现适度丰产和水分高效的结合。     

半干旱农田生态系统覆膜进程和施肥对春小麦耗水量及水分利用效率的影响

在年降水量 4 15 m m的黄土高原中部黄绵土上 ,以春小麦 (Triticum aestivum)为供试作物进行大田试验 ,研究了地膜覆盖 (设不覆膜、播种后覆膜 30 d、覆膜 6 0 d和全程覆膜 )和施氮 (设不施氮和施氮 75 kg/hm2 )对春小麦耗水量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明 ,地膜覆盖对春小麦耗水量和水分利用效率的影响与底墒和覆膜进程有关。增加底墒和施肥 ,春小麦全生育期耗水量显著增加。高底墒处理的平均耗水量 (32 7.7m m)比低底墒(2 85 .4 mm)高 4 2 .3m m,差异达显著水平 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;施氮后 ,耗水量也显著增加 ,不施氮时 ,平均耗水量为2 99.0 m m,施氮后平均为 314 .1mm,施氮比不施氮增加 15 .1m m。在降水相对丰富年份 ,对低底墒处理 ,不同覆膜进程对春小麦全生育期耗水量没有显著影响 ,而对高底墒处理 ,覆膜 30 d和 6 0 d作物全生育期耗水量显著高于对照和全程覆膜 ,但覆膜 30 d和 6 0 d间、全程覆膜和不覆膜间的差异均不显著。因此在降水丰富年份 ,全程覆膜并没有使作物全生育期耗水量减少 ,同时也并没有使作物收获后的残留底墒增加。从总体上看 ,覆膜处理比底墒和施肥对作物耗水量的影响小。无论是用地上干物质计算 ,还是用籽粒计算 ,施氮后水分利用效率明显增加。地膜覆盖对水分利用效率的影响与底墒     

施用生物炭对华北平原冬小麦土壤水分和籽粒产量的影响

为探究施用生物炭对华北平原农田土壤水分和冬小麦籽粒产量的影响,于2014—2017年在中国农业大学吴桥实验站设置施用生物炭7 200(BH)、3 600(BM)、1 800(BL)和0kg/hm~2(CK)4个处理。结果表明:与CK处理相比,BH、BM和BL处理3年平均增产分别为1.84%、7.28%和5.03%,并且降低了耗水量,水分利用效率分别提高5.96%～14.86%、9.42%～19.18%和5.96%～13.50%。同时施用生物炭增加了土壤含水量,与CK处理相比,土壤上层0～60cm BM处理增幅最大;中层60～120cm和下层120～200cm均为BL处理增幅最大(P0.05)。综上所述,施用生物炭可以增加土壤含水量和籽粒产量。统计分析表明,当施炭量分别为3 389～3 882和3 500～4 357kg/hm~2,0～60cm土层土壤含水量和籽粒产量均最高,且0～60cm土层土壤含水量与籽粒产量间存在显著的正相关关系(P0.05)。因此,施用生物炭可以增加土壤含水量,降低水分消耗,提高冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用效率,在本试验条件下以施用3 000～4 500kg/hm~2为宜。     

施氮对秸秆还田冬小麦产量和水分利用率的影响

【目的】探讨玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥对关中灌区冬小麦产量和水分利用效率的影响,为该地区实现小麦高产提供理论依据。【方法】以"西农979"作为供试冬小麦品种,研究玉米秸秆还田条件下配施0,87.5,175,262.5,350kg/hm2氮肥以及秸秆不还田条件下施用175kg/hm2氮肥6个处理,对冬小麦产量、土壤贮水量和水分利用率的影响。【结果】在氮肥用量相等(175kg/hm2)的情况下,玉米秸秆还田配施氮肥处理的冬小麦有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和产量较单施氮肥处理分别增加了39万穗/hm2,1.57,2.11g和1 200kg/hm2。6个处理中,玉米秸秆还田配施262.5kg/hm2氮肥处理的冬小麦产量和水分利用率最高,分别达到8 415kg/hm2和20.9kg/(hm2.mm)。各秸秆还田配施氮肥处理的水分利用率明显高于不施氮处理。在氮肥用量相同的情况下,玉米秸秆还田处理耗水量比秸秆不还田处理减少19.00mm。【结论】秸秆还田能提高冬小麦产量和水分利用率,在玉米秸秆还田条件下,关中平原冬小麦氮肥用量应控制在175～262.5kg/hm2。     

去电子水灌溉对冬小麦生长及其水分利用的影响

为探究去电子水灌溉对冬小麦生长及其水分利用的影响,选取关中平原典型灌区为研究区开展大田试验。以冬小麦"小偃22号"为供试作物,设置不同的灌水类型(普通水与去电子水)和灌溉量水平(60、120、180 mm与240 mm),分阶段对冬小麦的生长指标与光合指标进行测定,分析冬小麦的耗水特性、土壤水分变化状况及水分利用效率。结果表明,同一灌溉量水平(180 mm)下,与普通水灌溉相比,去电子水灌溉的冬小麦生长速率更快,同时耗水量较高,其籽粒产量与水分利用效率亦显著提高了17.8%与15.1%;与0 mm灌溉相比,去电子水灌溉的冬小麦增产46.9%,高于普通水灌溉处理(24.7%)。去电子水不同灌溉量处理中,灌溉量为180 mm时冬小麦的籽粒产量与水分利用效率均最高。因此,可以将去电子水灌溉180 mm作为关中平原冬小麦高效用水和高产的较优灌溉方案。     

不同土壤水分条件下杨树人工林水分利用效率对环境因子的响应

运用涡度相关(Eddy covariance,EC)开路系统和微气象观测系统,于2007年对位于北京市大兴区永定河沙地杨树(Populus euramertcana)人工林与大气间碳、水和能量交换进行了连续测定.通过分析总生态系统生产力(GEP)、蒸发散(ET)以及水分利用效率(WUE=GEP/ET)随相对土壤含水量(REW)的变化趋势,探讨杨树人工林不同土壤水分条件下水分利用效率对气象因子以及下垫面因素的响应,为杨树人工林经营管理提供理论依据.研究结果表明:当REW＜0.1时,GEP和ET受到严重水分胁迫的影响维持在较低水平,环境因子对GEP、ET和WUE的影响较小;当0.1＜REW＜0.4时,GEP和ET随着土壤体积含水量(VWC)的增加而增大,WUE随VWC的增大而减小;REW＞0.4时,气象因子是影响碳固定和水分损耗的主要原因,由于ET对气象因子变化的响应较GEP更为敏感,因此,WUE随空气饱和水汽压差(VPD)的增大而减小.沙地土壤保水能力较差,不能保证土壤水分被植物有效利用,因此当VWC处于5.2%-8.8％(0.1＜REW＜0.4)范围时,碳固定与水分消耗达到最高效率.研究表明杨树人工林WUE随降水变化而变化,未来气候变化和变异有可能影响杨树林耗水和生产力之间的关系.     

土壤深松和补灌对小麦干物质生产及水分利用率的影响

研究一次深松耕作后土壤水分对冬小麦籽粒产量和水分利用率的影响,为小麦节水高产栽培提供理论依据.于2008-2009和2009-2010两个小麦生长季,选用高产小麦品种济麦22,采取测墒补灌的方法,研究了深松+旋耕和旋耕2种耕作方式下土壤水分对小麦0-200 cm土层土壤含水量、干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及水分利用率的影响.结果表明,(1)深松+旋耕40-180 cm土层土壤含水量低于旋耕处理;旗叶光合速率和水分利用率,开花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率显著高于旋耕处理.(2)W3(补灌至0-140 cm土层土壤相对含水量播种期为85％,越冬期80％,拔节和开花期75％)成熟期0-200cm土层土壤含水量与W1(播种期80％,越冬期80％,拔节和开花期75％)和W2处理(播种期80％,越冬期85％,拔节和开花期75％)无显著差异;W3和W''3(播种期85％,越冬期85％,拔节和开花期75％)60-140 cm土层土壤含水量分别低于W4(播种期85％,越冬期85％,拔节和开花期75％)和W''4(播种期90％,越冬期85％,拔节和开花期75％)处理;W3和W''3灌浆中后期旗叶光合速率较高,开花后干物质积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率显著高于其他处理,获得高的籽粒产量和水分利用率.综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用率和灌溉效益,在深松+旋耕条件下,两年度分别以W3和W''3为节水高产的最佳处理.     

不同冬小麦品种超晚播节水栽培的物质积累和水分利用特征

为探究超晚播条件下不同品种冬小麦的物质积累和水分利用特征,采用3个不同穗型冬小麦品种(小穗型衡水4399;大穗型潍麦8号;中间型济麦22)在黑龙港地区进行了连续3年的大田试验。结果表明,超晚播配合增加播种量,春浇1水可以获得产量为6.43~8.24t/hm~2。在3个品种中,济麦22产量和水分利用效率最高。品种间产量的差异主要是粒重差异引起的。济麦22较高的千粒重和产量与其较高的开花期穗生物量分配、花后物质积累和收获指数密切相关。济麦22花前水分的穗干物质生产效率、花后水分的干物质生产效率和籽粒干物质生产效率均显著高于潍麦8号和衡水4399,从而获得了最高的水分利用效率。综合分析表明,穗型中等、花后物质积累和水分生产力高的品种更适合于超晚播节水栽培。     

水作与地表覆盖旱作水稻的生长和水分利用效率

通过田间试验研究水作水稻和不同地表覆盖旱作水稻的生长和水分利用效率。结果表明 :水作稻田当季用水总量是旱作稻田的 3 5～ 3 7倍 ,旱作稻田灌溉水生产效率是水作稻田的 1 0 6～ 1 6 4倍 ,田间总水分利用效率也达到水作的 3倍左右。尽管地表覆盖有较好的保墒增温效果 ,但因水分胁迫使旱作水稻生育期较水作延长 4～ 1 0d ;旱作中的覆膜处理保墒增温效果最好 ,灌水量最低 ,其耕层土壤温度比其他旱作处理平均高 1℃ ,生育期延长时间最短。水作、覆膜、盖草和裸露处理的水稻产量分别为 95 74、 85 1 8、 84 81和 7833kg·hm-2 。覆膜处理虽在产量和水分利用效率上略高于盖草处理 ,但差异不显著 ,且覆膜处理存在成本高 ,污染土壤等缺陷。因此盖草不失为一项较好的替代水稻覆膜旱作的技术。