A genome-wide association study of five meat quality traits in Yorkshire pigs

Meat quality is an important trait in the pig industry. To identify genomic regions and haplotype blocks responsible for meat quality traits in pigs, a genome-wide association study was conducted for five traits including intramuscular fat content, pH at 45 min and 24 h, drip loss within 24 h and water-holding capacity in 231 Yorkshire barrows using illumina porcine 60k SNP chips. The results showed that a total of 344 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were significantly associated with five meat quality traits (P<1×10^-4). Moreover, 323 SNPs were within the reported QTL regions, of which 21 were novel. Also, 158 SNPs fell into the proximal region of meat quality related genes. In addition, 25 haplotype blocks based on 116 SNPs were revealed with SNP combination patterns for five traits. Our study added new SNP information for identification of meat quality traits in pigs and will help elucidate the mechanisms of meat quality in pigs.     

Genome-wide association and linkage mapping strategies reveal genetic loci and candidate genes of phosphorus utilization in soybean

Insufficient available phosphorus in soil has become an important limiting factor for the improvement of yield and quality in soybean. The mining of QTLs and candidate genes controlling soybean phosphorus utilization related traits is a necessary strategy to solve this problem. In this study, 11 phosphorus utilization related traits of a natural population of 281 typical soybean germplasms and a recombinant inbred line(RIL) population of 270 lines were evaluated under different phosphorus condit...     

Integration of genome-wide association study and selection signatures reveals genetic determinants for skeletal muscle production traits in an F2 chicken population

Improving the production of broiler chicken meat has been a goal of broiler breeding programs worldwide for many years. However, the genetic architectures of skeletal muscle production traits in chickens have not yet been fully elucidated. In the present study, a total of 519 F₂ birds, derived from a cross of Arbor Acres broiler and Baier layer, were re-sequenced(26 F₀ individuals were re-sequenced at a 10-fold depth; 519 F₂ individuals were re-sequenced at a 3-f...     

Identification and validation of novel loci associated with wheat quality through a genome-wide association study

Understanding the genetic basis of quality-related traits contributes to the improvement of grain protein concentration(GPC), grain starch concentration(GSC), and wet gluten concentration(WGC) in wheat. In this study, a genome-wide association study(GWAS) based on a mixed linear model(MLM) was performed on 236 wheat accessions, including 160 cultivars and 76 landraces, using a 55K single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) array in multiple environments. A total of 12 stable QTL/SNPs that control diffe...     

利用全基因组关联分析挖掘粳稻直链淀粉含量调控基因

直链淀粉含量是评价稻米蒸煮食味品质关键指标,挖掘控制该性状QTLs/基因对于改良稻米品质具有重要意义.研究利用295份粳稻种质组成的自然群体为试验材料,测定2019年和2020年稻米直链淀粉含量,结合重测序得到788 396个高质量SNP,利用Tassel 5.0软件混合线性模型(MLM,Q+K)作全基因组关联分析.结果表明,两年共检测到12个与稻米直链淀粉含量相关QTL,分布在水稻第3、4、11和12染色体上,贡献率范围为8.78％～11.62％,其中qAAC4-2和qAAC12-2在两年中重复检测到.进一步针对这两个QTL区间内所有基因作单倍型分析,结合基因注释和前人研究结果,推测LOC_Os04g33640为影响稻米直链淀粉含量新候选基因.     

Rapid mapping of candidate genes for cold tolerance in Oryza rufipogon Griff. by QTL-seq of seedlings

Cold stress is a major problem in rice production. To rapidly identify genes for cold tolerance in Dongxiang wild rice(DWR, Oryza rufipogon Griff.), sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis of QTL-seq method was used to resequence the extremely resistant(R) and susceptible(S) bulks of a backcross inbred lines(BILs) population(derived from Oryza sativa×O. rufipogon) and their parents. Single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)-index graphs and corresponding Δ(SNPindex) graphs(at 99 and 95% confidence levels) for R-and S-bulks detected a total of 2 609 candidate SNPs, including 58 candidate cold-tolerance genes. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that 5 out of the 58 candidate genes had significant differences in expression between O. sativa and O. rufipogon. Structural variation and functional annotations of the 5 candidate genes were also analyzed, and allowed us to identify 2 insertion-deletion(InDel) markers(12-7 and 12-16) that were linked with candidate genes on chromosome 12 in DWR. These results are helpful for cloning and using cold tolerance genes from common wild rice in cultivated rice.     

NAA和ABA处理对‘京优’葡萄花色苷生物合成相关基因表达的影响

为人工调控花色苷合成,以‘京优’葡萄为实验材料,应用液相色谱-质谱（HPLC-MS）技术和荧光定量PCR,研究了萘乙酸（NAA）和脱落酸（ABA）处理对葡萄果皮花色苷积累及其生物合成相关基因表达的影响。结果表明：在‘京优’葡萄果皮中,可检测到16种花色苷;ABA处理的花色苷含量高于对照,NAA处理低于对照,并且ABA处...     

甜玉米籽粒体积和粒重的全基因组关联分析

为挖掘控制甜玉米籽粒体积和粒重的相关基因,2017—2019年,以209份甜玉米自交系构成的关联群体为材料,测定干籽粒的体积和粒重,结合全基因组重测序(De novo sequencing)获得的980万个单核苷酸多态性(Single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)标记,采用GLM模型进行全基因组关联分析。结果表明,甜玉米籽粒体积变异范围为0.06~0.15 mL,变异倍数为2.5倍,单粒重变异范围为0.08~0.17 g,变异倍数为2.1倍,均符合正态分布。共检测到15个SNP位点与籽粒体积或粒重显著关联,分别解释籽粒体积55.7%和粒重52.1%的表型变异,其中4个位点和普通玉米报道的QTL重叠,其余11个是新鉴定的位点,通过基因注释发现大部分候选基因为转录因子等调控基因。此外,首次检测到Br2(矮化基因2)与籽粒体积、粒重两性状均显著关联,并且籽粒体积和粒重均随着该基因表达量的升高而增加。     

葡萄成熟过程中生理特征与β-葡萄糖苷酶基因的表达分析

为了解β-葡萄糖苷酶基因是否与葡萄果实成熟有关,从基因库中分离出了3个β-葡萄糖苷酶基因,分别命名为VυBG1,VυBG2和VυBG3,并对其表达进行了分析.结果显示:所获得的3个基因在葡萄浆果成熟过程中均有表达.果皮中,随着果实的成熟,VυBG1变化较平稳;VυBG2在转色期时略有降低,之后不断升高,在完熟期时达到最大值;VυBG3在成熟过程中先升高后降低,在转色期时达到高峰.果肉中,VυBG1和VBG2分别与果皮VυBG2和VυBG3变化趋势相似;VυBG3在转色前期和成熟期时表达较低,在完熟期达到最大值.种子中,VυBG1在转色前期出现最大值,之后迅速降低;随着果实的成熟,VυBG2不断上升;VυBG3在转色期时有个小峰,之后不断降低,在完熟期时表达量最低.综上,3个β-葡萄糖苷酶基因在葡萄成熟过程中的表达量和表达模式均不相同.其中果皮VυBG3和果肉VυBG2的变化趋势与ABA一致,可能在果实成熟过程中对ABA水平调节起作用.     

火炬松生长和松脂性状相关候选基因的单核苷酸多样性分析

【目的】对火炬松Pinus taeda生长和松脂产量相关功能基因单核苷酸多态性（Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP）位点进行筛选与分析,为分子标记辅助育种提供技术基础。【方法】利用生物信息学对火炬松cDNA文库进行整理、比对、剪接、注释,挑选出与生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素及蒎烯合成相关的非重复序列基因（Unigene）作为候选基因片段,利用MEGA5.0和DnaSP4.0软件对火炬松36个单株的8个候选基因片段进行序列比对和分析。【结果】 所测序列总长为5 177 bp,检测到184个SNP位点,平均36.9 bp的基因序列中出现1个SNP位点,其中123个为非同义突变、61个为同义突变SNP位点。核苷酸多态性π_a和θ_w分别为0.020和0.016。对8个候选基因片段内SNP位点进行的连锁不平衡分析显示,随着核苷酸序列长度的延伸,SNP位点的连锁不平衡在基因内部迅速衰退（R²≤0.2）。【结论】在火炬松中,基于候选基因内SNP位点间的连锁不平衡作图是可行的。     

数量性状全基因组关联分析中上位效应遗传位点检测方法研究进展

数量性状的表型变异受到大量效应微小的遗传位点和诸多环境因素的共同作用,但在数量性状的遗传研究领域,关于不同遗传位点之间加性效应与上位效应相对重要性的认识却存在着分歧。近年来,伴随着全基因组关联分析在人类及家养动物数量性状研究中的发展,在全基因组关联分析的框架内进行上位效应遗传位点的检测越发受到重视。文章以遗传力失踪问题为出发点,首先综述了标记-QTL连锁分析和GWAS框架下传统上位效应遗传位点的检测方法,然后对基于表型方差同质性检验和广义线性混合模型方法的上位效应统计推断以及混杂因素的处理方法进行了总结与梳理,旨在为数量性状全基因规模上位效应的相关研究提供理论参考。     

火炬松生长和松脂性状相关候选基因的单核苷酸多样性分析

[目的]对火炬松Pinus taeda生长和松脂产量相关功能基因单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点进行筛选与分析,为分子标记辅助育种提供技术基础.[方法]利用生物信息学对火炬松cDNA文库进行整理、比对、剪接、注释,挑选出与生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素及蒎烯合成相关的非重复序列基因(Unigene)作为候选基因片段,利用MEGA5.0和DnaSP4.0软件对火炬松36个单株的8个候选基因片段进行序列比对和分析.[结果]所测序列总长为5 177 bp,检测到184个SNP位点,平均36.9 bp的基因序列中出现1个SNP位点,其中123个为非同义突变、61个为同义突变SNP位点.核苷酸多态性πa和θw分别为0.020和0.016.对8个候选基因片段内SNP位点进行的连锁不平衡分析显示,随着核苷酸序列长度的延伸,SNP位点的连锁不平衡在基因内部迅速衰退(R2≤0.2).[结论]在火炬松中,基于候选基因内SNP位点间的连锁不平衡作图是可行的.     

Genome-wide association study for rib eye muscle area in a Large White×Minzhu F_2 pig resource population

Rib eye muscle area(REMA) is an economically important trait and one of the main selection criteria for breeding in the swine industry. In the genome-wide association study(GWAS), the Illumina Porcine SNP60 Bead Chip containing 62 163 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs) was used to genotype 557 pigs from a porcine Large White×Minzhu intercross population. The REMA(at the 5th–6th, 10th–11th and the last ribs) was measured after slaughtered at the age of(240±7) d for each animal. Association tests between REMA trait and SNPs were performed via the Genome-Wide Rapid Association using the Mixed Model and Regression-Genomic Control(GRAMMAR-GC) approach. From the Ensembl porcine database, SNP annotation was implemented using Sus scrofa Build 10.2. Thirty-three SNPs on SSC12 and 3 SNPs on SSC2 showed significant association with REMA at the last rib at the chromosome-wide significance level. None of the SNPs of REMA at the 5th–6th rib and only a few numbers of the SNPs of REMA at the 10th–11th ribs were found in this study. The Haploview V3.31 program and the Haplo.Stats R package were used to detect and visualize haplotype blocks and to analyze the association of the detected haplotype blocks with REMA at the last rib. A linkage analysis revealed that 4 haplotype blocks contained 4, 4, 2, and 4 SNPs, respectively. Annotations from pig reference genome suggested 2 genes(NOS2, NLK) in block 1(266 kb), one gene(TMIGD1) in block 2(348 kb), and one gene(MAP2K4) in block 3(453 kb). A functional analysis indicated that MYH3 and MYH13 genes are the potential genes controlling REMA at the last rib. We screened several candidate intervals and genes based on the SNPs location and the gene function, and inferred that NOS2 and NLK genes maybe the main genes of REMA at the last ribs.     

四倍体葡萄花粉母细胞减数分裂与坐果率关系的研究

以二倍体玫瑰香葡萄为对照,观察了诱变成功的２个四倍体玫瑰香葡萄品系四玫Ⅰ、四玫Ⅱ以及当前生产栽培的四倍体品种巨峰的花粉母细胞减数分裂过程;研究了四倍体葡萄花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中的种种异常现象,并探讨了这些现象与坐果率之间的关系。结果表明：四倍体葡萄花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中,后期Ⅰ、后期Ⅱ出现落后染色体的细胞频率及末期多分孢子与坐果率之间有显著的负相关关系。     

数量性状两个候选基因检测效率分析

文章采用Monte Carlo模拟方法分析了各种因素对两对数量性状检测效率的影响。采用回归分析法估计候选基因检测分析统计模型的参数;考虑了群体大小(个体数)、候选基因遗传贡献率和基因频率等3个因素。模拟试验结果表明,个体数对检测效率的影响不如遗传贡献率显著;检测高遗传贡献率的候选基因要比低遗传贡献率需要的群体小;基因频率对候选基因的检测效率几乎没有影响。     

葡萄果实发育后期半定量RT-PCR内参基因的优选

葡萄果实发育后期基因表达水平的变化对果实品质形成具有重要影响,内参基因的选择是基因表达定量分析的关键影响因素.本试验以雷司令葡萄品种花后50、75和95 d的果实为材料,通过半定量RT-PCR,研究了常用持家基因Actin、Tubulin,GAPDH、18S rRNA的表达变化,探讨其作为葡萄果实发育后期基因表达半定量分析内参基因的可行性.结果表明:18S rRNA的表达水平高,且最稳定,其次是Actin,而Tubulin和GADPH的相对表达水平较低;对VvTLP、GHF17P和VvASR 3个功能基因在不同果实材料中的表达水平进行半定量RT-PCR,VvTLP和VVSR的相对表达水平较高,GHF17P的表达水平较低,整体上均呈现递增的趋势;以Actin和18S rRNA为内参得到的归一化结果基本一致,在4个持家基因中18S rRNA和Tubulin是优选的葡萄果实发育后期基因表达研究的内参基因.     

Identification of candidate genes related to soluble sugar contents in soybean seeds using multiple genetic analyses

Soluble sugar content in seeds is an important quality trait of soybean. In this study, 57 quantitative trait loci(QTLs) related to soluble sugar contents in soybean seeds were collected from databases and published papers. After meta-overview-collinearity integrated analysis to refine QTL intervals, eight consensus QTLs were identified. To further verify the consensus QTLs, a population of chromosome segment substitution lines(CSSLs) was analyzed. Two lines containing fragments covering the reg...     

Genome-wide association study for starch content and constitution in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench)

Starch is the most important component in endosperm of sorghum grain. Usually, two types of starch are present: amylose (AM) and amylopectin (AP). The levels of AM and AP contents play a significant role in the appearance, structure, and quality of sorghum grains and in marketing applications. In the present study, a panel of 634 sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) accessions were evaluated for starch, AM, and AP contents of grain, which included a mini core collection of 242 accessions from the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) in India, and 252 landraces and 140 cultivars from China. The average starch content was 67.64% and the average AM and AP contents were 20.19 and 79.81%, respectively. We developed a total of 260 000 high-confidence single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the panel of 634 accessions of S. bicolor using specific locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq). We performed genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of starch, AM, and AM/AP of grain and SNP markers based on a mixed linear model (MLM). In total, 70 significant association signals were detected for starch, AM, and AM/AP ratio of grain with P<4.452×10^–7, of which 10 SNPs were identified with significant starch, 51 SNPs were associated with AM, and nine SNPs were associated with the AM/AP ratio. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis identified 12 candidate genes at five QTLs associated with starch metabolism within the 200-kb intervals, located on chromosomes 1, 5, 6, and 9. Of these genes, Sobic.006G036500.1 encodes peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans-isomerase CYP38 responsible for hexose monophosphate shunt (HMS) and Sobic.009G071800 encodes 6-phospho-fructokinase (PFK), which is involved in the embden-meyerhof pathway (EMP). Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers were developed to validate the GWAS results. The C allele is correlated with a high starch content, while the T allele is linked with a low level of starch content, and provides reliable haplotypes for MAS in sorghum quality improvement.