Strawberry vein banding virus P6 protein intracellular transport and an important domain identification

Strawberry vein banding virus(SVBV)-infected strawberry cells contain cytoplasmic inclusions with isometric particles.To identify the components of the inclusions,green fluorescent protein(GFP)was fused to the carboxy-terminus(C-terminus)of SVBV open reading frames,these constructs were separately transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves.Results showed that the SVBV P6 protein assembled into prominent and amorphous inclusion bodies(IBs).To investigate P6 subcellular localization,P6-GFP was ectopically expressed in N.benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration and then stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole(DAPI).We found the P6 protein accumulated in the nuclei and also formed cytoplasmic IBs with different sizes.To further determine the location of P6 IBs in the cytoplasm,and explore whether the P6 IBs move freely or depend on cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum(ER),the microfilament marker protein(GFP-ABD2-GFP),microtubules marker protein(m Cherry-MAP65-1)and ER marker protein(m Cherry-HDEL)were separately coexpressed with P6-GFP and into N.benthamiana leaves by agroinfiltration,exhibiting that P6 IBs aligned with cytoskeleton and endoplasmic reticulum.Meanwhile,coinfiltration of P1 and P6 indicated the P6colocalized with the P1 protein at periphery of cells.The P6 protein contains one C-terminal nuclear localization signal(NLS)region,a P6 protein mutant with a deleted NLS did not localize in the nucleus,did not form IBs,and was unable to facilitate exogenous GFP expression.These results demonstrate that the deleted NLS region is an important P6 domain required for biological functions.In summary,the mobile P6 IBs are associated with ER,microfilaments and microtubules and move along microfilaments to the SVBV P1 protein in the PD.     

PnSCR82, a small cysteine-rich secretory protein of Phytophthora nicotianae,can enhance defense responses in plants

A number of plant pathogenic species of Phytophthora are known to produce different classes of secretory proteins during interactions with their hosts. Although several small cysteine-rich(SCR) secretory proteins, conserved in oomycete pathogens, have been identified in Phytophthora, their specific involvement in these interactions remains unknown. In this study, an SCR effector encoded by Pn SCR82 in P. nicotianae was identified and shown to have similarities to P. cactorum phytotoxic protein, ...     

烟草花叶病毒运动蛋白的表达及特异性抗体制备

从烟草花叶病毒(Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV)感染的发病烟草叶片中提取总RNA,通过RT-PCR扩增得到其运动蛋白基因,将扩增产物克隆到pMD18-T载体上.DNA序列分析表明,所得运动蛋白基因全长为807 bp,与已报道的TMV-U1株系核苷酸和氨基酸同源性均为100%.将目的基因亚克隆到原核表达载体pET-29a上,并转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),IPTG诱导4 h后蛋白表达量达到最大,超声波显示所得融合蛋白以不可溶形式存在.SDS-PAGA检测蛋白表达情况,表达产物与目的蛋白大小一致,割胶免疫注射家兔得到抗体,ELISA测定效价为25600,Western-blot检测证明在烟草叶片被侵染早期MP得到表达,且抗体特异性良好.     

Construction of chimeric viruses based on pepper mild mottle virus using a modified Cre/loxP system

Cre/loxP, a site-specific recombination system, has been widely used for various purposes, including chromosomal translocations, generation of marker-free transgenic plants, tissue-specific activation of a reporter gene and efficient heterologous gene expression in plants. However, stable or transient expression of Cre recombinase in plants can cause chlorosis or necrosis. Here, we describe a modified Cre/loxP recombination system using a DNA fragment flanked with loxP sites in the same orientation in which necrosis induced by Cre recombinase in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves was alleviated. The modified system was successfully used to create functional GFP-tagged pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) and a chimeric virus with coat protein (CP) substitution assembled from separate pro-vector modules. Our results provide a new strategy and flexible technique to construct chimeric virus and infectious clones for plant viruses with large genomes.     

NSvc4和CP蛋白与水稻条纹病毒的致病相关

【目的】以水稻条纹病毒（Rice stripe virus,RSV）编码的NSvc4蛋白和CP蛋白的致病功能鉴定为切入点,研究RSV的致病机理。【方法】通过农杆菌介导在本氏烟中对RSV编码的6个蛋白进行细胞定位。采用双分子荧光互补（Bimolecular fluorescence complementation,BiFC）技术鉴定NSvc4蛋白与其余5个蛋白间的互作关系,并用酵母双杂交体系（Yeast two-hybrid,YTH）对NSvc4与CP蛋白间的互作再次验证。利用马铃薯X病毒（Potato virus X,PVX）系统在本氏烟叶片研究NSvc4蛋白和CP蛋白的致病性,采用实时荧光定量PCR（Real-time PCR）技术验证致病性鉴定结果。【结果】RSV NSvc4蛋白能与CP蛋白互作,且蛋白复合体在本氏烟细胞中能够定位到叶绿体。致病性鉴定显示,PVX-RSV-NSvc4侵染的本氏烟表现为花叶症状;PVX-RSV-CP能够在侵染叶上诱导花叶症状,但是系统叶却恢复健康;PVX-RSV-NSvc4与PVX-RSV-CP共侵染的本氏烟和PVX-RSV-NSvc4CP侵染的本氏烟的侵染叶、系统叶均表现出了严重病症。Real-time PCR结果显示,PVX载体在各侵染本氏烟中的累积量均较低,而RSV CP和NSvc4基因的表达量与本氏烟的发病症状紧密相关。【结论】NSvc4和CP蛋白均有致病性。CP蛋白的致病力不能持久,但是与NSvc4蛋白互作后具有持久致病力,表明二者协同在RSV致病过程中发挥作用。     

RNA病毒诱导的烟草WRKY转录因子基因的应急表达

植物和病毒在基因水平上的互作是植物感病和抗病的分子基础。以模式植物烟草及其3种RNA病毒（马铃薯Y型病毒,Potato virus Y,PVY;烟草花叶病毒,Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV;黄瓜花叶病,Cucumber mosaic virus,CMV）为试材,旨在研究受病毒共同诱导、并可能在植物抗病反应中具有重要功能的转录因子基因。试验首先获得10个受病毒诱导的烟草同源基因。在比较了3种病毒侵染、低温和盐害协迫以及逆境信号物质(茉莉酸甲酯与水杨酸)处理对上述基因表达的影响后发现, 3种RNA病毒所诱导的植物基因有所不同。但属于WRKY基因家族的06G基因受3种病毒的共同、高效诱导,其表达水平与叶片发育程度呈负相关。研究结果表明, 该基因在植物病毒病发生及植物抗病分子育种中可能有重要意义。     

Tomato mottle mosaic virus: Characterization,resistance gene effectiveness,and quintuplex RT-PCR detection system

Tomato mottle mosaic virus(ToMMV), an economically important species of the genus Tobamovirus, causes significant loss in yield and quality of tomato fruits. Here, we identified the Shandong isolate of ToMMV(ToMMV-SD) collected from symptomatic tomato fruits in Weifang, Shandong Province of China. ToMMV-SD caused symptoms such as severe mosaic, mottling, and necrosis of tomato leaves, yellow spot and necrotic lesions on tomato fruits. The obtained full genome of ToMMV-SD was 6 399 nucleotides(ac...     

Identification of the strain-specifically truncated nonstructural protein 10 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in infected cells

The nonstructural protein 10 (nsp10) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) encodes for helicase which plays a vital role in viral replication. In the present study, a truncated form of nsp10, termed nsp10a, was found in PRRSV-infected cells and the production of nsp10a was strain-specific. Mass spectrometric analysis and deletion mutagenesis indicated that nsp10a may be short of about 70 amino acids in the N terminus of nsp10. Further studies by rescuing recombinant viruses showed that the Glu-69 in nsp10 was the key amino acid for nsp10a production. Finally, we demonstrated that nsp10a exerted little influence on the growth kinetics of PRRSV in vitro.     

大麦黄矮病毒运动蛋白在烟草中的瞬时表达(摘要)(英文)

[目的]快速鉴定运动蛋白基因在烟草中的瞬时表达,进一步研究该外源基因的功能。[方法]将大麦黄矮病毒的运动蛋白基因定向克隆到马铃薯X病毒载体上,得到重组的马铃薯X病毒,电击转化农杆菌后,利用农杆菌渗透注射技术注射到本生烟草的叶片中,逐日跟踪观察病毒对烟草的侵染状况。[结果]重组的PVX病毒载体进行PCR鉴定和双酶切鉴定(BamHI+XhoI),均得到了462bp的基因片段,证明外源片段BYDV-MP确实克隆到了PVX病毒载体GR107上。将含有重组的PVX病毒载体GR107-MP和空的PVX病毒载体GR107的农杆菌渗透缓冲液注射到5～6叶期的烟草幼苗后,第7天观察,重组病毒载体侵染的烟草系统叶有病毒侵染症状,而对照组未有此现象。对2组实验进行逐日跟踪观察,重组病毒载体侵染的烟草有较严重的病毒侵染症状和叶片卷曲现象,后期引起注射叶及系统叶坏死。而空病毒载体侵染的烟草只有轻微的病毒侵染症状,并能够恢复健康。对侵染的烟草进行RT-PCR检测,结果表明外源基因BYDV-MP在烟草体内进行了正常的转录和表达。[结论]BYDV-MP蛋白促进了PVX的系统侵染速度,加重了系统侵染的病毒症状,是病毒病症的决定因子;利用PVX表达载体表达异源MP的方法是可行的。     

广州地区SCMV玉米分离物外壳蛋白基因的序列分析及其引致的生理病变

外壳蛋白(CP)基因序列分析结果表明,广州地区甜玉米上的甘蔗花叶病毒(SCMV)分离物属于玉米变异组,与我国其他地区玉米上的SCMV分离物有较大差异。其CP基因核苷酸同一率与广东甜玉米分离物(AJ310105)为91.6%,而与我国其他地区玉米分离物同一率为85.1%-87.1%。通过对该分离物侵染甜玉米所致的细胞病变进行超薄切片电镜观察,结果表明,除多种细胞器病变外,还有4种类型的内含体,即风轮体、卷筒体、束状体和片层集聚体,部分束状体与胞间连丝相连,可能与病毒胞间运转有关。该分离物机械摩擦接种侵染甜玉米后,引致寄主植物叶组织PAL和SOD酶活性较大的变化,其中PAL活性在侵染早期比对照低,随后比对照高,SOD活性比对照稍高,而POD和CAT酶活则与对照无显著差异。     

鸭坦布苏病毒E蛋白及其结构域Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ对DEF细胞周期与凋亡的影响

【目的】探究鸭坦布苏病毒(Duck Tambusu virus,DTMUV) E蛋白全长及其结构域I、II和III (DI、DII和DIII)对鸭胚成纤维细胞(Duck embryo fibroblast,DEF)的细胞周期与凋亡的影响。【方法】本研究设计、合成DTMUV E蛋白全长及其DI、DII和DIII真核表达质粒,并转染至DEF,用流式细胞仪检测不同蛋白引起的DEF细胞凋亡和细胞周期的变化。【结果】细胞凋亡结果显示：质粒转染细胞24 h后,E蛋白全长及DI、DII、DIII诱导的DEF早期凋亡率分别是16.4%、15.1%、14.0%和17.2%;质粒转染细胞36 h后,E蛋白全长及DI、DII、DIII诱导的DEF早期凋亡率分别是23.4%、18.5%、26.7%和29.4%。细胞周期检测结果显示：E蛋白全长及DI、DII、DIII的质粒转染细胞24、36 h后,DNA合成期(S期)细胞比例都明显高于pEGFP-N1空载体转染组。质粒转染24 h后,E蛋白及DI、DII、DIII的S期细胞比例分别为5.43%、22.58%、12.75%和12.80%;质粒转染细胞36 h后,...     

流感病毒PA蛋白与宿主蛋白PCBP1的相互作用

【背景】PA蛋白是流感病毒RNA聚合酶复合体的重要组成部分,在流感病毒基因组的转录和复制过程中发挥重要作用。前期利用酵母双杂交技术(Y2H)筛选与流感病毒PA蛋白相互作用的宿主蛋白,获得多聚胞嘧啶结合蛋白1(poly(r C)-binding protein 1,PCBP1)。【目的】探索PCBP1蛋白与流感病毒PA蛋白的互作关系及其对流感病毒复制的影响,为深入理解流感病毒在宿主体内的复制调控机制提供数据。【方法】将诱饵质粒pGBKT7-PA与筛选到的重组质粒p GADT7-PCBP1以及阴性对照组和阳性对照组按照醋酸锂法分别共转化酵母感受态细胞,并涂布在3种营养缺陷型培养基上,30℃倒置培养5—7 d,观察酵母菌落生长情况和菌落颜色,回交验证PA蛋白与PCBP1蛋白在酵母系统中的相互作用。参照GenBank中录入的PA蛋白和人源PCBP1蛋白的序列,分别设计特异性扩增引物,构建真核重组表达质粒pCAGGS-Flag-PA和pCAGGS-Myc-PCBP1,将这两种真核表达质粒分别单独转染或共同转染HEK293T细胞,于转染48 h后裂解细胞,收获上清,留取少部分作对照,余下的样品逐步加入FLAG单抗和Protein G琼脂糖珠子进行免疫共沉淀(Co-IP),经SDS-PAGE和Western blot检测PA蛋白与PCBP1蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中的相互作用。利用慢病毒包装系统pLVX-IRES-Zs Green1在HEK293T细胞中包装假病毒,将假病毒侵染A549细胞后经超速流式分选构建PCBP1蛋白过表达细胞系,Western blot检测PCBP1过表达情况,然后用流感病毒WSN以0.01 MOI感染该过表达细胞系,于感染后24和48 h收获上清,对上清中的流感病毒进行蚀斑计数。合成PCBP1蛋白的si RNA,转染A549细胞下调PCBP1蛋白的表达,干扰后48 h通过Western blot检测PCBP1蛋白表达下调情况,并以MOI=0.01感染流感病毒WSN,收获感染后24和48 h的上清,进行蚀斑滴定计数。【结果】通过酵母回交验证发现诱饵质粒pGBKT7-PA与重组阳性质粒p GADT7-PCBP1的共转酵母菌落可以在SD/-2、SD/-4、SD/-4/X/A等3种营养缺陷型平板上正常生长,并且能分解底物X-α-Gal,使菌落呈现蓝色,与阳性对照组一致,表明PA蛋白与PCBP1蛋白在酵母系统中存在相互作用。免疫共沉淀试验发现PA蛋白可以将PCBP1蛋白沉淀下来,说明PA蛋白与PCBP1蛋白在哺乳动物细胞中存在相互作用。在PCBP1过表达细胞系中,PCBP1蛋白表达水平显著提高,流感病毒的复制滴度下降;而通过si RNA干扰后,PCBP1表达水平显著下降,流感病毒的复制滴度升高,表明PCBP1对流感病毒复制具有负调控作用。【结论】通过研究发现流感病毒PA蛋白与宿主蛋白PCBP1在酵母细胞和哺乳动物细胞中均存在相互作用,且宿主蛋白PCBP1对流感病毒的复制具有负调控作用。     

脑心肌炎增强型绿色荧光蛋白嵌合病毒的构建

携带增强型绿色荧光蛋白(Enhanced green fluorescent protein, EGFP)的脑心肌炎(Encephalomyocarditis virus, EMCV)嵌合病毒是研究该病毒体内外生物学特性的有力工具。因此,本研究基于前期构建的巨细胞病毒(Cytomegalovirus, CMV)感染性克隆,在EMCV基因组2A蛋白序列之后插入EGFP基因片段,并将重组质粒转染BHK-21细胞,获得携带EGFP的嵌合病毒。通过荧光定量PCR(real-time PCR)、间接免疫荧光(Indirect immunofluorescence assay, IFA)及半数组织细胞感染量测定(Median tissue culture infective dose, TCID₅₀)等方法对拯救病毒的基因组复制、蛋白表达及病毒粒子的感染性进行测定,结果证实嵌合病毒能够在BHK-21细胞上成功表达EGFP并产生完整的病毒粒子。然而,相较于野生型亲本拯救病毒,嵌合病毒在BHK-21细胞上的复制能力降低,并且在连续传代后逐渐失去绿色荧光信号,表明嵌合病毒中EGFP...     

水稻矮缩病毒非结构蛋白Pns6和外壳蛋白P8多克隆抗体的制备及其应用

利用RT-PCR的方法从感染水稻矮缩病毒(Rice dwarf virus,RDV)的水稻中克隆该病毒的运动蛋白基因S6和外壳蛋白基因S8,通过Gateway系统进行原核表达,获得表达载体p DEST17-Pns6和p DEST17-P8,将表达载体转化E.coli Rosetta,经IPTG诱导表达后获得分子质量约为59和46 ku含HIS标签的融合蛋白.以诱导表达的目的蛋白为抗原,免疫注射新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体.结果表明,Western blot检测制备的Pns6和P8抗体可特异性检测RDV,间接ELISA测定Pns6和P8抗体的效价均约为6 400倍,并建立了可靠、灵敏、特异的Dot-blot ELISA方法检测RDV.以上研究表明,RDV运动蛋白和外壳蛋白抗体均可应用于该病毒在田间的大规模调查和检测.     

实时荧光定量PCR法检测草莓镶脉病毒

为了建立一种特异、灵敏、快速检测草莓镶脉病毒（Strawberry vein banding virus,SVBV）的SYBR Green Ⅰ实时荧光定量PCR方法,根据已有的检测SVBV的引物信息,合成引物,对不同草莓品种进行PCR扩增。经过克隆、测序及序列比对得到了感染SVBV的阳性植株,利用此植株PCR扩增产物构建重组质粒作为标准品,优化了PCR反应体系,标准曲线的循环阈值（Ct值）与模板浓度有良好的线性关系（R2=0.999 1）;进行了灵敏度和重复性试验,敏感性可达到101拷贝·μL-1,约为普通PCR的1 000倍,重复性好;并与常规PCR方法进行了比较,成功建立了检测SVBV的实时荧光定量PCR法。用该方法检测了部分草莓品种的DNA样品,结果表明,大部分植株都带有SVBV。该方法具有很高的灵敏性和重复性,可用来快速检测草莓植株是否感染SVBV。     

烟草花叶病毒蚕豆分离物移动蛋白基因克隆及序列分析

根据已报道的ＴＭＶ Ｕ１株系（ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１）的序列设计了特异性引物,利用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ技术,从烟 草花叶病毒蚕豆分离物（ＴＭＶ－Ｂ）上扩增移动蛋白（ＭＰ）基因及其邻近序列。将此ｃＤＮＡ片段克隆于 ｐＢｌｕｓｃｒｉｐｔ ＳＫ质粒上,进行测序分析。结果表明：ＭＰ基因由８０７个核苷酸组成,编码２６８个氨基酸。与 ＴＭＶ－Ｕ１的ＭＰ基因序列比较,核苷酸序列及推导出的氨基酸序列的同源性分别为９９．０１％和 ９８．８９％。与ＴＭＶ－Ｙｕ的ＭＰ基因序列比较,同源性分别为９８．１４％和９８．８９％。说明ＴＭＶ的ＭＰ基因 在不同株系中是非常保守的。     

Bioinformatic analysis and functional characterization of the cfem proteins in maize anthracnose fungus Colletotrichum graminicola

Fungal secreted proteins that contain the Common in Fungal Extracellular Membrane(CFEM) domain are important for pathogenicity. The hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum graminicola causes the serious anthracnose disease of maize. In this study, we identified 24 CgCFEM proteins in the genome of C. graminicola. Phylogenic analysis revealed that these 24 proteins(CgCFEM1–24) can be divided into 2 clades based on the presence of the trans-membrane domain. Sequence alignment analysis indicated that the amino acids of the CFEM domain are highly conserved and contain 8 spaced cysteines, with the exception that CgCFEM1 and CgCFEM24 lack 1 and 2 cysteines, respectively. Ten CgCFEM proteins with a signal peptide and without the trans-membrane domain were considered as candidate effectors and, thus were selected for structural prediction and functional analyses. The CFEM domain in the candidate effectors can form a helical-basket structure homologous to the Csa2 protein in Candida albicans, which is responsible for haem acquisition and pathogenicity. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that these effectors accumulate in the cell membrane, nucleus, and cytosolic bodies. Additionally, 5 effectors, CgCFEM6, 7, 8, 9 and 15, can suppress the BAX-induced programmed cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana with or without the signal peptide. These results demonstrate that these 10 CgCFEM candidate effectors with different structures and subcellular localizations in host cells may play important roles during the pathogenic processes on maize plants.     

草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)CP基因的克隆及序列分析

用CTAB法从感染草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)的草莓叶片中提取总DNA,设计3对特异性引物扩增SVBV CP基因的3个片段,分别克隆并测序.经序列拼接得到SVBV CP基因完整序列,全长1407 nts,编码468个aa.将它与美国报道的SVBV(NC001725)以及花椰菜花叶病毒属其它成员的CP基因相比较,结果表明,SVBV CP基因与SVBV(NC001725)CP基因序列相似性最高,达83.4%;而与花椰菜花叶病毒属其它成员的CP基因序列相似性均较低,仅为27.1%～33.2%.构建SVBV及其同属其它成员CP基因的系统关系树,结果显示中国SVBV与SVBV(NC001725)单独形成一个分支,而与其同属其它成员的亲缘关系均较远.