Construction of a genetic linkage map and QTL analysis for some leaf traits in pear (Pyrus L.)

The major incompatibility barriers to specific inbred lines and the long generation duration in Pyrus L. may hinder the Pyrus breeding process. A genetic linkage map provides the foundation for quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and molecular marker-assisted breeding. In this study, we constructed a genetic map with 145 F₁ populations from a cross of two cultivars, Yali and Jingbaili, using AFLP and SSR markers. The map consisted of 18 linkage groups which included 402 genetic markers and covered 1395.9 cM, with an average genetic distance of 3.8 cM. The interval mapping was used to identify quantitative trait loci associated with four leaf agronomic traits in the F₁ population. The results indicated that four QTLs were associated with leaf length, two QTLs with leaf width, two with leaf length/leaf width, and three with petiole length. The eleven QTLs were associated with 9.9%–48.5% of the phenotypic variation in different traits. It is considered that the map covers almost the whole genome, and molecular markers will be greatly helpful to the related breeding.     

基于PCR技术的谷子分子标记遗传图谱构建

【目的】构建一张基于PCR技术的谷子分子标记遗传图谱。【方法】以谷子高146A和K103杂交自交F2分离群体为作图群体,以分布于谷子9条染色体上的81个SSR标记为主要参考标记,采用来自谷子、水稻、珍珠粟和高羊茅的SSR、STS、SNP、SV和ACGM标记共1 733个,在亲本间筛选多态性标记,并进一步在F2群体间进行验证,利用MAPMAKER VERSION 3.0软件进行连锁分析,采用MapDraw V2软件绘制遗传连锁图谱。【结果】构建了一张包含192个不同类型分子标记的谷子遗传图谱,新定位标记33个,其中32个来自谷子,另1个来自珍珠粟。遗传图谱包含9个连锁群,覆盖基因组全长2 082.5 cM,连锁群长度介于119.5-475.2 cM,平均长度231.39 cM,标记间平均距离10.85 cM,每个连锁群上的标记数介于10-37个。部分连锁群上标记存在偏分离现象,在定位的192个标记中,共有36个标记发生偏分离,占图谱总标记的18.75%,其中,在LG2、LG6和LG7上分别聚集分布了10、15和7个偏分离标记,出现了偏分离热点区域,而在LG1、LG4、LG5和LG8上仅有零星分布,LG3和LG9上则没有偏分离标记。对来自不同作物的分子标记在谷子上的可转移性分析发现,来自谷子的1 235个PCR标记中有205个标记在双亲及其F2群体间有多态性,多态率为16.60%,而来自珍珠粟、高羊茅和水稻的498个PCR标记,在该群体上仅发现1个多态性标记。【结论】利用不同物种中的分子标记构建了一张覆盖基因组长度为2 082.5 cM的谷子遗传连锁图谱,其分子标记主要来自于谷子。     

利用SSR分子标记构建甜瓜遗传图谱

以中国甜瓜地方品种自交系4G21与3A823杂交产生的114个F2单株为作图群体,采用SSR法构建了一张包含14个连锁群、196个标记位点的甜瓜遗传连锁图谱,新增加48个SSR标记.构建的遗传图谱覆盖基因组总长度806 cM,平均间距7.54 cM,最小间距1 cM,最大间距29 cM.将48个SSR标记定位于甜瓜遗传图谱,可作为锚定引物与不同群体构建的甜瓜遗传图谱整合.     

利用SRAP、SSR和AFLP 标记构建甘蓝型油菜遗传连锁图谱

 【目的】建立甘蓝型油菜的高质量遗传图谱，为在分子水平上研究复杂性状打下基础并提供保证。【方法】以甘蓝型油菜自交不亲和系“SI-1300” 及其恢复系“Eagle”组配得到的184个F2单株为群体，利用SRAP、SSR和AFLP标记技术构建甘蓝型油菜遗传图谱。【结果】该图谱共包含21个连锁群，涉及137个SRAP标记、143个SSR标记和118个AFLP标记。图谱总长1 949.8 cM，标记间平均图距为4.9 cM。以SSR标记为锚定标记，该图谱与国际标准图谱进行了初步对应。研究共发现了8个偏分离区域。【结论】根据对标记分布的均匀程度，图谱覆盖程度以及标记密度等方面的分析，本研究构建的甘蓝型油菜分子遗传图谱质量较高，并且SRAP标记可能是比AFLP标记更适合于图谱构建的标记体系。     

绿豆高密度分子遗传图谱的构建

【目的】在前期研究的基础上,进一步利用绿豆基因组SSR、EST-SSR、STS和普通菜豆基因组SSR等标记构建绿豆遗传连锁图谱,为绿豆重要性状相关基因的定位、克隆及分子标记辅助选育新品种等研究搭建技术平台。【方法】利用澳大利亚引进的Berken（高感豆象绿豆栽培种）× ACC41（高抗豆象绿豆野生种）及其重组自交系（recombinant inbreed line,RIL）群体,对6 686对引物进行PCR扩增及多态性筛选,包括6 100对绿豆基因组SSR、149对EST-SSR、13对STS和424对普通菜豆基因组SSR引物,将亲本间多态性引物,进一步分析重组自交系群体。结合前期研究的分子标记数据,利用Mapmarker/Exp 3.0软件构建遗传图谱,并设置LOD≥3.0,最大图距50.00 cM。用Joinmap 4.0软件进行图谱整合。【结果】用2个亲本共筛选了6 686对SSR引物,共有3 691对引物有稳定的扩增产物,得到有多态的引物有588对。其中,通过磁珠富集法开发的绿豆SSR引物6 100对,有效扩增3 459对,有效扩增率56.7%,得到多态性引物559对;通过转录组测序开发的绿豆MGCP引物149对,有效扩增126对,有效扩增率84.6%,得到多态性引物21对;通过磁珠富集法开发的菜豆SSR引物424对,有效扩增97对,有效扩增率22.9%,得到多态性引物6对;绿豆STS引物13对,有效扩增9对,有效扩增率69.2%,得到多态性引物2对。表明不同来源和种类的SSR引物在RIL群体亲本中的有效扩增率有明显差别,绿豆EST-SSR引物（84.6%）最高,绿豆STS引物（69.2%）和SSR引物（55.7%）次之,菜豆SSR引物（22.9%）最低。获得一张含有585个标记（499个SSR标记、74个RFLP标记、9个STS标记和3个RAPD标记）的绿豆遗传图谱,图谱总长732.9 cM,包括11个连锁群,每个标记间的平均距离为1.25 cM,平均长度为66.63 cM。每个连锁群长度为45.2-112.8 cM,每条染色体上面的标记数为35-92个,平均53.18个。标记位点数最多的连锁群LG1含92个标记,长度为112.8 cM;标记位点数最少的连锁群LG11仅含有35个标记,长度为48.7 cM。对图谱的585个标记位点进行χ2测验,在P＜0.05和P＜0.01条件下,分别有79个和151个标记表现为偏分离,占总标记位点数的39.3%。【结论】构建了一张目前国内外发表的标记数最多、密度最高的绿豆遗传连锁图谱。     

梨遗传连锁图谱的构建与比较分析

【目的】利用已公开发表的梨和苹果的SSR（Simple Sequence Repeat）引物以及从梨转录组开发的SSR引物构建本研究作图群体的遗传连锁图谱,为后期梨重要性状QTL定位和分子标记辅助选择等奠定基础。【方法】以西洋梨品种‘红茄’（Red Clapp Favorite）为母本,东方梨品种‘晚秀’（Mansoo）为父本,构建F1代作图群体。将所选用的SSR引物在亲本和4个子代个体进行PCR扩增,初步筛选出扩增结果符合JoinMap 4.0软件中“CP”作图模式要求的引物,随后在F1群体中检测,选用JoinMap 4.0软件对分离数据进行连锁分析,分别构建亲本的连锁图谱。以双亲图谱在各连锁群上的同源标记作为锚定位点,对双亲图谱进行整合。【结果】利用PCR技术对不同来源的共909对SSR引物（526对梨和283对苹果公开发表的SSR引物,从梨转录组开发的100对SSR引物）进行初步筛选后,发现来自苹果的SSR引物有效扩增片段的比例和多态性均较低,而来自梨和梨转录组开发的SSR引物相对较高。筛选出207对符合作图要求的SSR引物在群体中扩增,构建亲本的连锁图谱。母本图谱中的141个标记分布在17个连锁群上,总长度757.34 cM,标记间平均5.37 cM;父本图谱中的153个标记分布在19个连锁群上,总长度1 149.43 cM,标记间平均7.51 cM。【结论】对不同来源的SSR引物构建的双亲连锁图谱进行整合,最终得到一张由186个SSR标记,覆盖基因组长度1 125.33 cM的整合图谱。     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map Based on SSR Markers in Peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）

Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines （RILs） derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut （Arachis hypogaea L.）. The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.     

柿(Diospyros kaki L.) AFLP标记连锁图谱的构建

以甜柿禅寺丸和涩柿磨盘柿杂交,用获得的F1代分离群体的96个单株为实验材料,以AFLP标记尝试构建柿属植物的AFLP分子标记连锁图谱。先用2个亲本筛选引物,从256对AFLP引物组合中筛选得到了27对多态性好的引物。用筛选得到的27对引物对2个亲本及其F1群体进行AFLP分析,共得到多态性标记447个,其中符合孟德尔定律的标记有400个,占总多态性标记的89.5%。符合1∶1分离比率的多态性标记共有300个,在禅寺丸中得到147个,在磨盘柿中得到153个。符合3∶1比率的多态性标记有100个。用Mapmaker 3.0软件和拟测交策略,分别构建了禅寺丸和磨盘柿的分子标记AFLP连锁图谱。禅寺丸的连锁图谱包括24个连锁群,由149个AFLP标记组成,总图距为2 105.5cM,标记间平均距离为14.1cM。磨盘柿的连锁图谱包括22个连锁群,由181个AFLP标记组成,总图距为2 253.8cM,标记间平均距离为12.5cM。     

鲤正、反交F2群体的AFLP遗传图谱构建及其QTL定位

以高代选育的荷包红鲤和兴国红鲤的正、反交F2群体为材料,利用AFLP标记构建了鲤正、反交群体的遗传图谱,并进行了生长相关性状的QTL定位。在正交群体中,14对AFLP引物共产生542个多态性标记,其中325个标记符合3∶1的孟德尔分离比例,利用其构建的遗传图谱涵盖50个连锁群,图谱总长度3 676.1 cM,并获得了与全长、体长、体高、尾柄长和尾柄高5个生长性状相关的17个QTL,可解释表型变异的1.66%~70.49%;在反交群体中,14对AFLP引物共产生605个多态性标记,其中333个标记符合3∶1孟德尔分离比例,构建的遗传图谱也涵盖50个连锁群,图谱总长度3 943.1 cM,获得了与体重、全长、体长、体高和尾柄长5个生长性状相关的15个QTL,可解释表型变异的1.58%~63.89%。还对正、反交群体构建的遗传图谱及QTL定位差异及结果进行了初步分析和探讨。     

Construction of a molecular map for melon (Cucumis melo L.) based on SRAP

A molecular map of melon (Cucumis melo L.) was constructed with SRAP (Sequence-Related Amplified Polymorphism) markers using a population consisting of 114 F₂ individuals derived from the cross of 4G21 (C. melo var. chinensis) and 3A832 (C. melo var. saccherinus). Twenty-nine primer pairs were used and 187 polymorphic loci were produced. The map consists of 12 linkage groups that include 152 genetic markers and cover 2077.1 cM with an average genetic distance of 13.67 cM. Every linkage group has 6–32 genetic markers with average genetic distance of 9.72–19.19 cM. The length of linkage group is 85.3–496.1 cM. __________ Translated from Acta Horticulturae Sinica, 2007, 34(1): 135–140 [译自 : 园艺学报]     

Construction of a high-density adzuki bean genetic map and evaluation of its utility based on a QTL analysis of seed size

Adzuki bean(Vigna angularis(Willd.) Ohwi Ohashi) is an annual cultivated leguminous crop commonly grown in Asia and consumed worldwide. However, there has been limited research regarding adzuki bean genetics, which has prevented the efficient application of genes during breeding. In the present study, we constructed a high-density genetic map based on whole genome re-sequencing technology and validated its utility by mining QTLs related to seed size. Moreover, we analyzed the sequences flanking insertions/deletions(In Dels) to develop a set of PCR-based markers useful for characterizing adzuki bean genetics. A total of 2 904 markers were mapped to 11 linkage groups(LGs). The total length of the map was 1 365.0 cM, with an average distance between markers of 0.47 cM. Among the LGs, the number of markers ranged from 208(LG7) to 397(LG1) and the total distance ranged from 97.4 cM(LG9) to 155.6 cM(LG1). Twelve QTLs related to seed size were identified using the constructed map. The two major QTLs in LG2 and LG9 explained 22.1 and 18.8% of the total phenotypic variation, respectively. Ten minor QTLs in LG4, LG5 and LG6 explained 3.0–10.4% of the total phenotypic variation. A total of 9 718 primer pairs were designed based on the sequences flanking In Dels. Among the 200 selected primer pairs, 75 revealed polymorphisms in 24 adzuki bean germplasms. The genetic map constructed in this study will be useful for screening genes related to other traits. Furthermore, the QTL analysis of seed size and the novel markers described herein may be relevant for future molecular investigations of adzuki bean and will be useful for exploiting the mechanisms underlying legume seed development.     

基于SSR标记的四倍体鸭茅遗传图谱加密

【目的】利用转录组测序开发的EST-SSR标记和鸭茅基因组调研测序开发的基因组SSR（genomic-SSR）标记,对已构建的四倍体鸭茅遗传图谱加密,为定位控制鸭茅重要农艺性状的QTL位点奠定基础。【方法】基于拟测交策略,以“楷模”（高杆、多分蘖、宽叶、早熟）和“01436”（矮秆、少分蘖、细叶、晚熟）作为亲本材料进行杂交,得到一个含有214株鸭茅材料的作图群体,利用亲本和随机选取的5个单株对574对EST-SSR标记和150对Genomic-SSR进行引物筛选,PCR产物经8%非变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测后,将扩增条带清晰、在亲本之间存在差异且子代间存在分离的多态性引物用于亲本及群体扩增。将扩增结果按标记类型统计分析,对于亲本间存在差异的条带,按条带有无（有带计1,无带记0）对DNA扩增产物按进行统计,经卡方检验,将分离比例符合1﹕1（亲本基因型为Aaaa×aaaa或aaaa×Aaaa）和3﹕1（亲本基因型为Aaaa×Aaaa）的标记,用于遗传连锁图谱构建。符合作图要求的标记采用HighMap软件进行遗传图谱构建。【结果】最终筛选出符合要求的EST-SSR引物31对和Genomic-SSR引物17对,引物多态性分别为5.4%和11.3%,总的多态性为6.6%。对鸭茅214个作图群体单株及亲本DNA进行扩增,共得到169个多态性位点,其中EST-SSR101个,Genomic-SSR68个位点。169个标记位点经卡方检验分析表明,有89个标记符合孟德尔分离规律,标记可用率为52.7%,其中呈Aaaa×aaaa或aaaa×Aaaa分离类型的标记有79个,呈Aaaa×Aaaa的有10个,其余80个为偏分离标记。将SSR标记整合以前的标记信息,重新构建了一张包含2 551个标记,覆盖7个连锁群,总长度为758.4 cM的鸭茅高密度遗传图谱。加密后的图谱包含SNP标记4 187个,SSR标记84个,各连锁群标记数在166-709个,每个连锁群的平均标记数为364个,LG1包含最多标记数有709个,LG7标记数最少166个,各连锁群长度在60.28-147.09 cM,标记平均密度为0.19-0.76 cM,总的平均图距由原来的0.37 cM缩至0.3 cM,且由于标记密度的改变,各连锁群上标记分布的位置也发生较大变动。【结论】增加了部分SSR标记后,新构建了一张包含2 551个标记,覆盖7个连锁群总长度为758.4 cM的四倍体鸭茅遗传图谱,总长度增加42.63 cM,平均图距由0.37 cM缩至为0.3 cM。     

大豆作图群体检验与调整后构建的遗传图谱

 应用RFLP、SSR、AFLP对大豆重组近交系群体NJRIKY的 2 0 1个家系进行分析。根据RFLP标记的分析结果 ,通过模拟群体抽样标准法 (SPSC)对试验群体进行了检验与调整。结果表明 ,试验群体偏分离的家系较多 ,且整体偏向于亲本科丰 1号。汰除偏分离家系后 ,群体减少为 184个家系。对 3种分子标记进行连锁分析 ,结果表明 ,RFLP和SSR标记在基因组中的位置相对稳定 ,可以作为锚定标记 ,有利于连锁群的归并和不同图谱的比较整合 ;而AFLP标记容易出现聚集现象 ,从而造成连锁群上出现很大的空隙。以RFLP、SSR和形态等标记构建了包含2 2个连锁群的图谱 ,共 2 5 6个标记 ,总遗传距离为 30 5 0 .9cM。与未调整群体作图结果相比 ,19个标记及 2个连锁群有根本性改变。该图谱为基因定位、比较基因组学和重要农艺性状的QTL定位等研究打下了基础     

应用Charleston×东农594重组自交系群体构建SSR大豆遗传图谱

 以美国半矮杆大豆品种Charleston为母本，东北农业大学高蛋白大豆品系东农594为父本及其F2:10代重组自交系的154个株系为试验材料，利用164个在亲本之间表现多态的SSR引物对群体进行了分析，构建了一张大豆遗传图谱。该大豆遗传图谱总长度1 913.5 cM，标记间平均距离为11.89 cM。每个连锁群长度变动在0.4～309.5 cM之间，连锁群上的标记数在2～28个之间。各连锁群上的SSR标记并不是均匀分布的，其中A1、C2、D1a三个连锁群存在标记密集区。与国内外已构建完成的5张大豆遗传图谱比较表明，该图谱与国外的大豆公共遗传图谱对应性较好。     

小豆SSR分子标记遗传连锁图谱构建

【目的】以小豆SSR为锚定标记,将公开发表的豇豆SSR、普通菜豆SSR和EST-SSR标记定位整合到小豆遗传连锁群中,构建中国小豆遗传图谱,为小豆基因定位、图位克隆和分子标记辅助选择育种提供更多可用的分子标记。【方法】用1 473对SSR和EST-SSR引物进行PCR扩增,包括906对豇豆SSR、123对普通菜豆和196对小豆SSR引物及248对普通菜豆EST-SSR引物,筛选亲本间多态性标记,验证栽培小豆HB801×AG109及GM892×AG110的F2分离群体。【结果】整合和构建了含有145个SSR和EST-SSR标记小豆遗传连锁图谱,包括59个小豆SSR标记,新增63个豇豆SSR、9个普通菜豆SSR、14个普通菜豆EST-SSR标记和1个茎色标记。紫茎色性状被定位在第9连锁群,离CEDG022和cbess058标记的遗传距离分别为0.9 cM和0.1 cM。图谱全长823 cM,覆盖11个连锁群,每个标记间平均距离为5.64 cM。每个连锁群长度为49.1—125.6 cM,平均长度74.82 cM;每条染色体上的标记数7—26个,平均13.27个。【结论】率先把小豆近缘物种分子标记引入小豆,加密了小豆SSR分子标记遗传连锁图谱。     

草莓抗白粉病遗传图谱及其SSR标记初分析

以易感草莓白粉病品种达赛莱克特和高抗品种甜查理杂交的220个杂种F2代群体材料为作图群体,利用146对SSR标记构建了包含两个连锁群和7个SSR标记的分子遗传连锁图谱,平均遗传图距8.85 cM。通过对抗草莓白粉病相关的SSR标记进行初步遗传分析,结果 FSS50和FSS121与抗性相关基因连锁比较紧密,遗传距离分别为1.3 cM和3.3 cM,理论上可应用于白粉病抗性种质的辅助选择育种实践中。     

Construction of Genetic Linkage Map Based on SSR Markers in Peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)

Molecular genetic maps of crop species can be used in a variety of ways in breeding and genomic research such as identification and mapping of genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for morphological, physiological and economic traits of crop species. However, a comprehensive genetic linkage map for cultivated peanut has not yet been developed due to the extremely low frequency of DNA polymorphism in cultivated peanut. In this study, 142 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross between Yueyou 13 and Zhenzhuhei were used as mapping population in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). A total 652 pairs of genomic-SSR primer and 392 pairs of EST-SSR primer were used to detect the polymorphisms between the two parents. 141 SSR primer pairs, 127 genomic-SSR and 14 EST-SSR ones, which can be used to detect polymorphisms between the two parents, were selected to analyze the RILs population. Thus, a linkage genetic map which consists of 131 SSR loci in 20 linkage groups, with a coverage of 679 cM and an average of 6.12 cM of inter-maker distance was constructed. The putative functions of 12 EST-SSR markers located on the map were analyzed. Eleven showed homology to gene sequences deposited in GenBank. This is the first report of construction of a comprehensive genetic map with SSR markers in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The map presented here will provide a genetic framework for mapping the qualitative and quantitative trait in peanut.     

Identification of QTLs Associated with Total Soyasaponin Content in Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)

Soyasaponins are valuable compounds in certain drugs, industry, food additives and surfactants. Selecting cultivars with higher-soyasaponin content along with agronomic traits is a main goal for many soybean breeders. The aim of the present study was to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with total soyasaponin content through a F₂ population, which was derived from a cross between Ha 91016 (higher soyasaponin content cultivar, 16.8 mg g⁻¹) and N98-9445A (lower soyasaponin content, only 5.7 mg g⁻¹). A genetic linkage map including a total of 162 simple sequence repeat markers was constructed, which covered the total length 2 735.5 cM, and the average distance between markers was 16.96 cM. Two QTLs associated with total soyasaponin content were identified. One, qSAP_1 (located in sat_044-satt102 of linkage group (LG) K), could explain 12.6% of phenotypic variance. The other, qSAP_2, was located between satt368 and sat_413 of LG D1a, which could explain 15.8% of phenotypic variance. It was concluded that the two QTLs would have some potential value for marker-assisted selection for high-soyasaponin content breeding in soybeans.     

Construction of Soybean Genetic Map with RIL Population by Charleston ×Dongnong 594

F2:10 RIL population with 154 lines, crossed by Charleston as female parent and Dongnong 594 as male parent were used.164 SSR primers were screened with the two parents and amplified on the 154 lines. A new soybean molecular genetics map, named NEAUSRI-GMS, was constructed by Mapmaker. The total length of the soybean genetic map is 1 913.5 cM,and the average distance among markers is 11.89 cM. The length of linkage group varied from 0.4 to 309.5 cM, and the markers on the linkage group varied from 2 to 28. The distribution of SSR markers on every linkage group is not even. High density region of markers existed on linkage group Al, C2, and Dla. Compared with 5 soybean genetic maps constructed at home and abroad, NEAUSRI-GMS has high homologous with the public genetic map abroad.     

Construction of high-density SNP genetic maps and QTL mapping for dwarf-related traits in Litchi chinensis Sonn

Litchi chinensis Sonn is widely cultivated in subtropical regions and has an important economic value. A high-density genetic map is a valuable tool for mapping quantitative trait loci (QTL) and marker-assisted breeding programs. In this study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based high-density linkage map was constructed by a genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) protocol using an F₁ population of 178 progenies between two commercial litchi cultivars, ‘Ziniangxi’ (dwarf) and ‘Feizixiao’ (vigorous). The genetic map consisted of 3027 SNP markers with a total length of 1711.97 cM in 15 linkage groups (LGs) and an average marker distance of 0.57 cM. Based on this high-density linkage map and three years of phenotyping, a total of 37 QTLs were detected for eight dwarf-related traits, including length of new branch (LNB), diameter of new branch (DNB), length of common petiole (LCP), diameter of common petiole (DCP), length of internode (LI), length of single leaf (LSL), width of single leaf (WSL), and plant height (PH). These QTLs could explain 8.0 to 14.7% (mean=9.7%) of the phenotypic variation. Among them, several QTL clusters were observed, particularly on LG04 and LG11, which might show enrichment for genes regulating the dwarf-related traits in litchi. There were 126 candidate genes identified within the QTL regions, 55 of which are differentially expressed genes by RNA-seq analysis between ‘Ziniangxi’ and ‘Feizixiao’. These DEGs were found to participate in the regulation of cell development, material transportation, signal transduction, and plant morphogenesis, so they might play important roles in regulating plant dwarf-related traits. The high-density genetic map and QTLs identification related to dwarf traits can provide a valuable genetic resource and a basis for marker-assisted selection and genomic studies of litchi.