槟榔乙醇提取物对猪鸡五种致病菌的抑菌作用初探

采用倍比稀释法,评价了槟榔青果的乙醇提取物对猪鸡养殖中常见致病菌的抗菌作用。结果表明：提取物对鸡大肠杆菌、鸡沙门氏菌、鸡金黄色葡萄球菌、猪大肠埃希菌、猪金黄色葡萄球菌等5种致病菌有一定的抑菌作用,最低抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为62.5、31.25、31.25、62.5、62.5 g/L,而最低杀菌浓度(MBC)分别为125、62.5、62.5、125、125 g/L。     

Hexane Extract of Raphanus sativus L. Roots Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells by Modulating Genes Related to Apoptotic Pathway

Raphanus sativus, a common cruciferous vegetable has been attributed to possess a number of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. It has been used in indigenous system of medicine for the treatment of various human ailments in India. This present study evaluated the chemopreventive efficacy of different parts of R. sativus such as root, stem and leaves, extracted with solvents of varying polarity and investigated the molecular mechanism leading to growth arrest and apoptotic cell death in human cancer cell lines. Of the different parts, significant growth inhibitory effect was observed with hexane extract of R. sativus root. Analysis of hexane extract by GC-MS revealed the presence of several isothiocyanates (ITCs) such as 4-(methylthio)-3-butenyl isothiocyanate (MTBITC), 4-(methylthio)-3-butyl isothiocyanate (erucin), 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate, 4-pentenyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphene. R. sativus root extract induced cell death both in p53 proficient and p53 deficient cell lines through induction of apoptotic signaling pathway regardless of the p53 status of cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying R. sativus-induced apoptosis may involve interactions among Bcl₂ family genes, as evidenced by up-regulation of pro-apoptotic genes and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic genes along with activation of Caspase-3. Our findings present the first evidence that hexane extract of R. sativus root exerts potential chemopreventive efficacy and induces apoptosis in cancer cell lines through modulation of genes involved in apoptotic signaling pathway.     

An Ethanol Extract Derived from Bonnemaisonia hamifera Scavenges Ultraviolet B (UVB) Radiation-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species and Attenuates UVB-Induced Cell Damage in Human Keratinocytes

The present study investigated the photoprotective properties of an ethanol extract derived from the red alga Bonnemaisonia hamifera against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced cell damage in human HaCaT keratinocytes. The Bonnemaisonia hamifera ethanol extract (BHE) scavenged the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and the hydroxyl radical generated by the Fenton reaction (FeSO₄ + H₂O₂), both of which were detected by using electron spin resonance spectrometry. In addition, BHE exhibited scavenging activity against the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that were induced by either hydrogen peroxide or UVB radiation. BHE reduced UVB-induced apoptosis, as shown by decreased apoptotic body formation and DNA fragmentation. BHE also attenuated DNA damage and the elevated levels of 8-isoprostane and protein carbonyls resulting from UVB-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, BHE absorbed electromagnetic radiation in the UVB range (280–320 nm). These results suggest that BHE protects human HaCaT keratinocytes against UVB-induced oxidative damage by scavenging ROS and absorbing UVB photons, thereby reducing injury to cellular components.     

Antiproliferative Effect of Amaranth Proteins and Peptides on HT-29 Human Colon Tumor Cell Line

Antiproliferative effect of Amaranthus mantegazzianus proteins and peptides released after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (DH% 37.8?±?3.8) was investigated on human colon cancer cell line HT-29. Inhibition of proliferation of HT-29 cells was exhibited after a 24 h treatment with different concentrations of amaranth protein isolate (API) and the peptides released after digestion (DGS), presenting IC₅₀ values of 1.35?±?0.12 and 0.30?±?0.07 mg soluble protein/mL, respectively. Lactate dehydrogenase assay indicated that both samples caused the loss of membrane integrity and cell lysis over HT-29 cells, and DAPI fluorescence microscopies evidenced typical apoptotic features. Moreover, Annexin V-FITC flow cytometry showed a significant increase of early apoptotic and late apoptotic/necrotic HT-29 cells compared to untreated ones, and caspase-3 assay confirmed the apoptosis induction with a 43.0?±?10.3 and 65.8?±?12.7% increase of caspase-3 activity produced by a 2 mg/mL treatment of API and DGS, respectively. In conclusion, amaranth peptides successfully released after simulated gastrointestinal digestion would exert a potential antiproliferative activity over HT-29 tumor cells. This effect was linked to the induction of cell necrosis and apoptosis, supporting the idea of using amaranth proteins as a potential food alternative ingredient for functional foods.

     

大豆异黄酮及其衍生物对宫颈癌细胞增殖的影响

近年来的研究发现大豆异黄酮及其衍生物具有抗癌、抗氧化、抗突变等多种药理学作用.目前宫颈癌仍是严重威胁广大女性生命的恶性肿瘤之一,因此开发新的药物非常重要.本文对大豆异黄酮及其衍生物对宫颈癌细胞(Hela、CaSki、Me180、Siha)增殖方面的影响进行了综述,并对其作用途径进行了归纳总结,为研究开发宫颈癌药物提供了新思路.     

大豆异黄酮和皂甙对结肠癌细胞增殖和凋亡的研究

从大豆胚轴提取大豆异黄酮和皂甙,研究大豆异黄酮和皂甙抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖和促进其凋亡的作用.采用MTT比色法观察大豆异黄酮和皂甙抑制结肠癌细胞增殖,采用流式细胞仪检测大豆异黄酮和皂甙对HT-29细胞周期分布的影响,免疫细胞化学法检测凋亡相关蛋白bax、bcl-2和p53的表达.结果表明:大豆异黄酮和皂甙可时间和浓度依赖性地抑制结肠癌细胞增殖;诱导细胞凋亡和改变细胞周期分布,多数细胞阻滞于G/2M期;与对照组比较,细胞凋亡率显著增加;用药前后凋亡相关基因bax蛋白表达显著增加,bcl-2表达显著降低.提示,大豆异黄酮和皂甙可通过改变细胞周期分布和诱导结肠癌细胞凋亡,发挥抗结肠癌作用.     

Palmitic Acid and Ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol Contribute to the Apoptotic Effect and Cell Cycle Arrest of an Extract from Marthasterias glacialis L. in Neuroblastoma Cells

We describe the effect of a chemically characterized lipophilic extract obtained from Marthasterias glacialis L. against human breast cancer (MCF-7) and human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cell lines. Evaluation of DNA synthesis revealed that both cell lines were markedly affected in a concentration-dependent way, the SH-SY5Y cell line being more susceptible. Cell cycle arrest was observed, an effect induced by the sterol, ergosta-7,22-dien-3-ol, present in the extract. Morphological evaluation of treated cells showed the advent of lipid droplets and chromatin condensation compatible with apoptosis, which was confirmed by the evaluation of caspase-3 and -9 activities. Palmitic acid was the main compound responsible for this apoptotic effect by a ceramide-independent mechanism that involved endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress with upregulation of CCAAT/-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP).