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1.
    
Cull dairy cows contribute almost 10% of national beef production in the United States. However, different factors throughout the life of dairy cows affect their weight and overall body condition as well as carcass traits, and consequently affect their market price. Therefore, the objectives of this study were: (1) to assess relationships between price ratio and carcass merit of cull dairy cows sold through several sites of an auction market and (2) to investigate the effect of animal life history events and live weight on sale barn price (BP) and price ratio (as a measure of relative price), as an indicator of carcass merit. Data from 4 dairy operations included 3,602 cull dairy cow records during the period of 2015 to 2019. Life history events data were collected from each dairy operation through Dairy Comp software; live weight and price were obtained periodically from the auction market, and the carcass data were provided by a local packing plant. Cow price in dollars per unit of live weight ($/cwt) and price ratio were the 2 outcome variables used in the analyses. Price ratio was created aiming to remove seasonality effects from BP (BP divided by the national average price for its respective month and year of sale). The association between price ratio and carcass merit traits was investigated using canonical correlation analysis, and the effect of life history events on both BP and price ratio was inferred using a multiple linear regression technique. More than 70% of the cows were culled in the first 3 lactations, with an average live weight of 701.5 kg, carcass weight of 325 kg, and dressing percentage of 46.3%. On average, cull cows were sold at $57.0/cwt during the period considered. The canonical correlation between price ratio and carcass merit traits was 0.76, indicating that price ratio reflected carcass merit of cull cows. Later lactations led to lower BP compared with cows culled during the first 2 lactations. Injury, and leg and feet problems negatively affected BP. Productive variables demonstrated that the greater milk production might lead to lower cow prices. A large variation between farms was also noted. In conclusion, price ratio was a good indicator of carcass merit of cull cows, and life history events significantly affected sale BP and carcass merit of cull cows sold through auction markets.  相似文献   

2.
    
Data of 20 balance measurements from Holstein dairy cows and urine samples from 24 Japanese Black beef cows were collected to evaluate the relationships between urine pH and electrolyte status in cows fed forages. The ratio of forages in the diet was 70–100% in dairy cows and beef cows were fed Italian ryegrass silage and wheat bran. Mean urine pH in dairy cows was 8.10, ranging from 7.27 to 8.71, and that in beef cows was 7.73, ranging from 7.42 to 8.12. There were positive correlations between urine pH and urinary K contents (P = 0.0012) or K intake (P = 0.019) in dairy cows, although plasma Na, Cl and K had no effect on urine pH. There was a weak negative correlation (P = 0.039) between urine pH and urinary Na content in dairy cows. However, there were no significant correlations between urine pH and urinary Na, Cl and K contents in beef cows. These results indicate that the concentrated urinary K due to the increased K intake may directly enhance urine pH in dairy cows fed mainly forages.  相似文献   

3.
    
Poor teat and udder structure, frequently associated with older cows, impact cow production and health as well as calf morbidity and mortality. However, producer culling, for reasons including age, production, feed availability, and beef markets, creates a bias in teat (TS) and udder scores (US) assessed and submitted to the Canadian Angus Association for genetic evaluations toward improved mammary structure. In addition, due to the infancy of the reporting program, repeated scores are rare. Prior to the adoption of genetic evaluations for TS and US in Canadian Angus cattle, it is imperative to verify that TS and US from young cows are the same traits as TS and US estimated on mature cows. Genetic parameters for TS and US from all cows (n = 4,192) and then from young cows (parities 1 and 2) and from mature cows (parity ≥ 4) were estimated using a single-trait animal model. Genetic correlations for the traits between the two cow age groups were estimated using a two-trait animal model. Estimates of heritability (posterior SD [PSD]) were 0.32 (0.07) and 0.45 (0.07) for young TS and US and 0.27 (0.07) and 0.31 (0.07) for mature TS and US, respectively. Genetic correlation (PSD) between the young and mature traits was 0.87 (0.13) for TS and 0.40 (0.17) for US. Genome-wide association studies were used to further explore the genetic and biological commonalities and differences between the two groups. Although there were no genes in common for the two USs, 12 genes overlapped for TS in the two cow age groups. Interestingly, there were also 23 genes in common between TS and US in mature cows. Based on these findings, it is recommended that producers collect TS and US on their cow herd annually.  相似文献   

4.
日粮阴阳离子平衡在奶牛生产中应用的研究进展   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
日粮中的阴、阳离子对奶牛的正常生产和健康有着重要的意义,它们不仅影响奶牛体液的酸碱平衡和渗透压、机体的代谢活动及多项生理指标,而且在奶牛不同的生理阶段,适宜的日粮阴阳离子平衡能提高奶牛的采食量、生产性能,还能有效预防奶牛的产后瘫痪等疾病。作者现就日粮阴阳离子平衡(dietary cation anion balance,DCAB)在奶牛上的应用进行综述,为生产实践中合理应用提供一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

5.
为了快速且准确的预测辽育白牛胴体产肉量,进而建立完善的胴体分级体系,本试验对60头辽育白牛进行屠宰胴体分割试验,分别测量了胴体重(X1),第5肋侧厚度(X2),第5~6肋眼肌宽高乘积(X3),第5~6肋眼肌面积(X4),第12肋侧厚度(X5),第12~13肋眼肌宽高乘积(X6),第12~13肋眼肌面积(X7),肾脏油、心脏油和膈肌油之和(X8),后腿围(X9)和大腿肌肉厚(X10)等与产肉量、产肉率相关的10项指标,利用SPSS 19.0软件对数据进行相关分析和线性回归分析。结果显示,X1、X8与产肉量和产肉率相关性最强,依此推导出2个可信度高、实践中方便应用的产肉量预测方程:①产肉量(眼肌宽高乘积)=0.809X1+0.158X6+0.857X8-13.967 (R2=0.986);②产肉量(眼肌面积)=0.779X1+0.318X7+0.933X8-17.779 (R2=0.990)。  相似文献   

6.
    
To investigate the predicted regression model for beef carcass yield and percentage of Liaoyu White cattle,60 cattles were slaughtered and determined 10 indicators about beef carcass yield and percentage,including carcass weight (X1),the 5th rib thickness (X2),product of 5th to 6th rib eye width and height (X3),5th to 6th rib eye area (X4),the 12th rib thickness (X5),product of 12th to 13th rib eye width and height (X6),12th to 13th rib eye area (X7),the weight of kidney,heart and diaphragm fat (X8),hind leg circumference (X9) and thigh muscle depth (X10).Then correlation and regression analysis between 10 indicators and beef carcass yield and percentage were taken using SPSS 19.0.The results showed that the correlation were the highest between X1 and beef carcass yield,X8 and beef carcass yield percentage.Besides,there were two credible regression model for beef carcass yield of Liaoyu White cattle:① Beef carcass yield (product of 12th rib eye width and height)=0.809X1+0.158X6+0.857X8-13.967 (R2=0.986);② Beef carcass yield (12th rib eye area)=0.779X1+0.318X7+0.933X8-17.779 (R2=0.990).  相似文献   

7.
为了解规模化奶牛场产生的粪便对环境污染的危害程度,本文对规模化奶牛场育成牛和成乳牛粪便主要污染指标进行了特性分析。结果表明,季节因素对育成牛及成乳牛粪便特性的影响显著(P<0.05)。生长阶段对粪便含水率的影响差异显著(P<0.05),而对有机质、氮、磷、铜、锌、钾的影响差异不显著(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

8.
本文综述了近几年关于植物精油对反刍动物瘤胃影响及其机理的报道。旨在探讨植物精油作为新型绿色饲料添加剂的可行性,并探讨了植物精油应用在生产实践中所需要解决的问题。  相似文献   

9.
本文从雪花牛肉的概念、发展现状、质量评价、适宜肉牛品种、饲养管理、屠宰分割及发展潜力等方面出发对当前我国雪花牛肉生产情况进行了分析讨论,提出只有将雪花牛肉生产作为专门化的产业来发展,我国肉牛产业才能稳步前进,文章涉及的依据和论点谨代表了作者对雪花牛肉产业的认识和思路,以启发读者思考。  相似文献   

10.
试验探讨了激素处理、季节、供体母牛体况、胎次等因素对奶牛超数排卵效果的影响,为连续超排研究奠定了基础。结果表明:CUE-MATE法和自然发情法超数排卵效果没有显著差异(P>0.05),但CUE-MATE法处理周期短;中等、上等体况的供体母牛超数排卵效果显著好于体况较差的牛(P<0.05);冬、秋季节超数排卵效果显著高于春季(P<0.05);经产母牛和青年牛超数排卵效果没有显著差异(P>0.05)。由此可见,奶牛规模化胚胎生产可采用CUE-MATE法,选取中等以上体况在秋、冬季节进行。  相似文献   

11.
[目的]试验旨在研究不同蛋白源饲料对秦川肉牛日增重、屠宰性能及肉品质的影响。[方法]选择20头体重相近、健康状况良好的12月龄左右的秦川肉牛(母牛)为试验动物,随机将试验牛分为5组,各组分别饲喂5种不同精饲料。试验结束后,对照组(31%豆粕组)、试验Ⅰ组(36%菜籽粕组)和试验Ⅳ组(42%紫苏饼组)各选3头参试牛进行屠宰。[结果]试验Ⅳ组的全期总增重、平均日增重和屠宰率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅳ组背最长肌中干物质和粗蛋白含量均高于其他两组,但各组间均差异不显著(P>0.05);对照组和试验Ⅰ组大理石花纹均是3级,试验Ⅳ组大理石花纹是4级。[结论]本试验条件下,精饲料中添加42%的紫苏饼能够提高肉牛日增重和屠宰率,能够提高牛肉中氨基酸的含量和粗蛋白水平。  相似文献   

12.
试验系统探讨了猪卵母细胞的体外成熟和孤雌激活方法。结果表明:在成熟液中分别添加FSH(促卵泡素:0.1ng/mL)和hMG(人绝经期促性腺激素:0.01IU/mL)的卵母细胞成熟率差异显著,但2组间的分裂率和囊胚率差异不显著。在成熟液中添加0、10、30、50、70ng/mL或90ng/mL的EGF(表皮生长因子),50ng/mLEGF组的分裂率达到84.90%,囊胚率达到30.20%,显著高于其余各组。分别使用以TCM-199和NCSU-23为基础液的成熟液来成熟培养猪卵母细胞,NCSU-23组的分裂率,成熟率和囊胚率均高于TCM-199组。使用离子酶素激活方法和电激活方法进行对比,离子酶素激活后孤雌胚胎发育效果好,差异极显著(P<0.01)。  相似文献   

13.
荷斯坦奶牛的三阶段饲养试验   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
针对奶牛的生长发育特点,将围产期与产奶牛细分为3个阶段,即围产前期(产前21d到分娩)、围产后期(分娩到产后21d)、产奶期(产后21d到产奶结束),并根据3个阶段的生长发育特点和营养需求建立饲养管理程序。试验结果表明,干奶期和围产期饲养程序可以降低胎衣不下、产褥热、酮病和子宫炎的发病率(P<0.05),试验组产奶量比对照组高出6.08kg,差异显著(P<0.05),2组的乳成分没有显著变化(P>0.05)。  相似文献   

14.
通过对屠宰后24h的牛胴体采样,分别放在分割间和排酸间保存,每12h对牛肉中总挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)含量进行测定。检测结果表明,随保存时间的延长,挥发性盐基氮含量逐渐升高,不同保存条件下TVB-N存在明显差异,分割间保存的牛肉明显高于排酸间保存的牛肉,分割间保存的牛肉在60h时超过标准15mg/100g,而排酸间保存的牛肉在108h时超过标准15mg/100g。  相似文献   

15.
[目的]为了系统掌握夏南牛屠宰试验标准。[方法]经过对6头6月龄断奶的夏南牛公牛、6头12月龄架子公牛、10头18月龄育肥公牛的屠宰试验,[结果]屠宰率、净肉率、眼肌面积、肉骨比、优质肉块比率、高档牛肉率,6月龄分别为:60.19%、48.04%、58.47cm2、4.34∶1、39.84%和17.40%;12月龄分别为:60.38%、49.71%、83.45cm2、5.18∶1、36.03%和18.94%;18月龄分别为:62.58%、52.36%、102.39cm2、5.60∶1、35.14%和17.62%。据对6头18月龄育肥公牛西冷和霖肉两个部位牛肉品质测定,蛋白质含量分别为:23.28%、22.71%;脂肪储量分别为2.61%、2.25%;蒸煮损失分别为:30.96%、31.74%;肌肉剪切力值分别为:3.95kg/cm2、4.32kg/cm2。[结论]说明夏南牛早熟性强,可用于小牛肉生产,18月龄达到特级牛肉质量标准,也可生产高档牛肉。  相似文献   

16.
试验旨在探讨不同屠宰体重对苏山猪屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响,从而确定苏山猪最佳屠宰体重。选用60头30 kg左右的苏山猪,公母各半,随机分成A、B、C组,每组20头,平均体重分别达到90、100、110 kg时,每组选取3头公猪、3头母猪进行屠宰性能、胴体性状和肉品质测定。结果表明:随着苏山猪屠宰体重的增加,各组屠宰性能存在较大差异,A组瘦肉率为63.18%,显著高于B、C组(P<0.05);C组板油重、肩部最厚处背膘厚、倒数第3~4肋骨处背膘厚显著高于A组(P<0.05);3个处理组屠宰率、皮率、骨率以及脂肪率等指标无显著差异(P>0.05);3个处理组背最长肌水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪无显著差异(P>0.05),但A组的粗灰分显著高于B、C组(P<0.05);B组肌肉L*值为43.50,显著高于C组(P<0.05),C组pH1 h和pH24 h分别为6.40和5.83,显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)高于A、B组。随屠宰体重增长肌肉内饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸呈上升趋势,多不饱和脂肪酸呈下降趋势,其中C组饱和脂肪酸显著高于A组(P<0.05);A组总氨基酸、必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸均高于B、C组,但差异均未达到显著水平(P>0.05)。因此,综合考虑,苏山猪的最佳屠宰体重为90 kg左右。  相似文献   

17.
试验选择新疆褐牛30头,育肥4个月后进行屠宰,分析新疆褐牛综合生产性能,为新疆褐牛生产相关标准的制定提供依据.结果表明,短期育肥后的新疆褐牛具有较高的产肉性能,屠宰率55.42%,肉骨比4.47∶1,高档肉占净肉重的17.24%,优质肉占净肉重的27.76%,并对胴体产肉性状指标进行了相关性研究,建立了以体尺测定指标、屠宰测定指标预测新疆褐牛生产性能相关指标线的性回归方程.发现眼肌面积与高档肉产量、高档肉比例具有相关性,可作为新疆褐牛胴体产肉量评定的参考指标,但仅适合在比较重量不同的胴体间使用,对相同重量的胴体,眼肌面积不能作为胴体产肉量评定参考指标.  相似文献   

18.
本试验旨在研究日粮中添加酵母浓缩物对罗斯肉鸡屠宰性能和胴体品质的影响。选取1日龄罗斯308肉鸡160只,采用单因子试验设计,随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复8只鸡。Ⅰ组为对照组,饲喂基础日粮;Ⅱ~Ⅴ组在基础日粮中分别添加2000、4000、6000、8000 mg/kg酵母浓缩物,其中Ⅱ组(2000 mg/kg)添加方式为1~42日龄连续添加;Ⅲ~Ⅴ组添加方式为1~21日龄添加酵母浓缩物,22~42日龄不添加酵母浓缩物。试验期42 d。结果表明,21日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组有提高屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率及降低腹脂率的趋势,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组可显著提高肌肉的a值、降低肌肉剪切力(P<0.05),Ⅲ组可显著降低肌肉的b值(P<0.05)。42日龄时,与对照组相比,Ⅳ组可显著降低腹脂率、提高胸肌率(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组可显著提高肌肉的a值(P<0.05),Ⅱ组可显著降低肌肉剪切力(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加酵母浓缩物可显著提高罗斯肉鸡的屠宰性能、改善胴体品质,并具有滞后效应,最佳添加剂量为6000 mg/kg,添加方式为1~21日龄添加,22~42日龄不添加。  相似文献   

19.
玉米酒精糟是酒精厂生产酒精时的副产品,属于蛋白质饲料。目前大多是烘干后利用,不但能耗巨大,同时营养价值也降低许多。在美国,大约60%的玉米酒精糟是干态的DDGS,主要用于国内消费及出口;其他40%是湿态玉米酒精糟,主要在酒精厂附近地区用作草食家畜的饲料。我国生产和消费的玉米酒精糟绝大多数是干态的玉米酒精糟,湿态玉米酒精糟的市场潜力巨大。阐述干态和湿态玉米酒精糟的生产工艺、营养成分、饲喂价值及用途.并分析了湿态玉米酒精糟的利用现状及前景。  相似文献   

20.
本文针对中草药对奶牛泌乳性能、抗热应激、免疫机能及繁殖等方面的影响作一综述。  相似文献   

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